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Zhang X, Wang G, Wang Q, Jiang R. Dexamethasone and MicroRNA-204 Inhibit Corneal Neovascularization. Mil Med 2024; 189:374-378. [PMID: 36043264 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This was an in vivo animal study designed to investigate the interaction between dexamethasone (Dex) and microRNA-204 (miR-204) in a mouse alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV) model. The function of miR-204 was then investigated in human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CNV model was induced by corneal alkali burn in BLAB/c mice. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control (Ctrl), alkali burn-induced corneal injury (Alkali), alkali burn + Dex (Dex), alkali burn + negative control (NTC), and alkali burn + miR-204 agomir (miR-204). Subconjunctival injection of NTC, Dex, or miR-204 agomir was conducted at 0, 3, and 6 days, respectively, after alkali burn. The corneas were collected at day 7 after injury, and the CNV area was observed using immunofluorescence staining. The expression of miR-204 was analyzed with quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR. In HMECs, exogenous miR-204 agomir or antagomir was used to strengthen or inhibit the expression of miR-204. Migration assays and tube formation studies were conducted to evaluate the function of miR-204 on HMECs. RESULTS At 7 days post-alkali burn, CNV grew aggressively into the cornea. MicroRNA-204 expression was reduced in the Alkali group in contrast with the Ctrl group (P = .003). However, miR-204 was upregulated in the Dex group (vs. alkali group, P = .008). The CNV areas in the NTC and miR-204 groups were 59.30 ± 8.32% and 25.60 ± 2.30%, respectively (P = .002). In vitro, miR-204 agomir showed obvious inhibition on HMEC migration in contrast with NTC (P = .033) and miR-204 antagomir (P = .017). Compared with NTC, miR-204 agomir attenuated tube formation, while miR-204 antagomir accelerated HMEC tube formation (P < .05). CONCLUSION The role of Dex in attenuating CNV may be partly attributed to miR-204. MiR-204 may be a potential therapeutic target in alkali burn-induced CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266002, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266002, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266002, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266002, China
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Shi J, Yang J, Xu H, Luo Q, Sun J, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Zhao N, Zhang J. Preparation of a Sunitinib loaded microemulsion for ocular delivery and evaluation for the treatment of corneal neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157084. [PMID: 37497104 PMCID: PMC10366539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological condition that can disrupt corneal transparency, thus harming visual acuity. However, there is no effective drug to treat CNV. Sunitinib (STB), a small-molecule multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was shown to have an effect on CNV. The purpose of this study was to develop an STB microemulsion (STB-ME) eye drop to inhibit CNV by topical application. Methods: We successfully prepared an STB-ME by the phase inversion emulsification method, and the physicochemical properties of STB-MEs were investigated. The short-term storage stability, cytotoxicity to human corneal epithelial cells, drug release, ocular irritation, ocular pharmacokinetics and the inhibitory effect on CNV were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: The optimal formulation of STB-ME is composed of oleic acid, CRH 40, Transcutol P, water and sodium hyaluronate (SH). It is a uniform spherical particle with a mean droplet size of 18.74 ± 0.09 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.196 ± 0.004. In the in vitro drug release results, STB-ME showed sustained release and was best fitted by a Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R 2 = 0.9960). The results of the ocular pharmacokinetics in rabbits showed that the formulation containing SH increased the bioavailability in the cornea (2.47-fold) and conjunctiva (2.14-fold). STB-ME (0.05% and 0.1%), administered topically, suppressed alkali burn-induced CNV in mice more effectively than saline, and high-dose (0.1%) STB-ME had similar efficacy to dexamethasone (0.025%). Conclusion: This study provides a promising formulation of STB-ME for the inhibition of CNV by topical administration, which has the excellent characteristics of effectiveness, sustained release and high ocular bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieran Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Mozaffari K, Mekonnen M, Harary M, Lum M, Aguirre B, Chandla A, Wadehra M, Yang I. Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2): A systematic review of its implications in pathogenesis. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:151976. [PMID: 36455339 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) is a cell surface protein composed of approximately 160 amino acids and encoded by the growth arrest-specific 3 (GAS3)/peripheral myelin protein 22 kDa (PMP22) gene family. Although EMP2 expression has been investigated in several diseases, much remains unknown regarding its mechanism of action and the extent of its role in pathogenesis. Our aim was to perform a systematic review on the involvement of EMP2 in disease processes and the current usage of anti-EMP2 therapies. METHODS A Boolean search of the English-language medical literature was performed. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science were used to identify relevant citations. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS 52 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. Of those, 28 (53.8%) were human-only studies, 11 (21.2%) were animal-only studies, and 13 (25%) studies included both human and animal models. Furthermore, 34 (65.4%) studies focused on EMP2's role in neoplasms, while the remaining 18 (34.6%) articles evaluated its role in other pathologies. CONCLUSION Overall, the evidence suggests the mechanisms of action of EMP2 are context dependent. Promising results have been produced by utilizing EMP2 as a biomarker and therapeutic target. More studies are warranted to better understand the mechanism and comprehend the role of EMP2 in the pathogenesis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Mozaffari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mahlet Mekonnen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Harary
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Meachelle Lum
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brian Aguirre
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anubhav Chandla
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Zhang R, Yang J, Luo Q, Shi J, Xu H, Zhang J. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of an isoliquiritigenin-loaded ophthalmic nanoemulsion for the treatment of corneal neovascularization. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2217-2233. [PMID: 35815765 PMCID: PMC9275503 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2096714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), as a natural flavonoid, has been proven to have therapeutic potential for corneal neovascularization (CNV) treatment; however, its therapeutic use is restricted due to its poor aqueous solubility and limited bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, a novel ISL-loaded nanoemulsion (ISL-NE) was designed for inhibiting CNV in this study. ISL-NE formulation was composed of propylene glycol dicaprylate (PGD), Cremophor® EL (EL35), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and adding water with sodium hyaluronate, its particle size was 34.56 ± 0.80 nm with a low polydispersity index of less than 0.05, which suggested a narrow size distribution. The results demonstrated that ISL-NE released higher and permeated more drug than ISL suspension (ISL-Susp) in in vitro drug release and ex vivo corneal permeation study. ISL-NE showed no cytotoxicity in human corneal epithelial cells toxicity study, which was consistent with the result of ocular irritation study in rabbit eyes. ISL-NE had bioavailability 5.76-fold, 7.80-fold and 2.13-fold higher than ISL-Sups in tears, cornea and aqueous humor after a single dose of ISL-NE, respectively. Furthermore, the efficacy of ISL-NE treatment (0.2% ISL) was comparable to that of dexamethasone treatment (0.025%) in the inhibition of CNV in mice model. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the expressions of corneal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) were decreased. In conclusion, the ISL-NE demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties, good tolerance, and enhanced ocular bioavailability. It could be a promising, safe, and effective treatment for CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jieran Shi
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohang Xu
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Sun M, Cherian N, Liu L, Chan AM, Aguirre B, Chu A, Strawbridge J, Kim ES, Lin MC, Tsui I, Gordon LK, Wadehra M. Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) regulates hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in the adult retinal pigment epithelial cell lines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19432. [PMID: 36371458 PMCID: PMC9653491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic retinal neovascularization is a potentially blinding consequence seen in many common diseases including diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal vaso-occlusive diseases. This study investigates epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) and its role as a possible modulator of angiogenesis in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) under hypoxic conditions. To study its effects, the RPE cell line ARPE-19 was genetically modified to either overexpress EMP2 or knock down its levels, and RNA sequencing and western blot analysis was performed to confirm the changes in expression at the RNA and protein level, respectively. Protein expression was evaluated under both normoxic conditions or hypoxic stress. Capillary tube formation assays with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to evaluate functional responses. EMP2 expression was found to positively correlate with expression of pro-angiogenic factors HIF1α and VEGF at both mRNA and protein levels under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistically, EMP2 stabilized HIF1α expression through downregulation of von Hippel Lindau protein (pVHL). EMP2 mediated changes in ARPE-19 cells were also found to alter the secretion of a paracrine factor(s) in conditioned media that can regulate HUVEC migration and capillary tube formation in in vitro functional angiogenesis assays. This study identifies EMP2 as a potential mediator of angiogenesis in a human RPE cell line. EMP2 levels positively correlate with pro-angiogenic mediators HIF1α and VEGF, and mechanistically, EMP2 regulates HIF1α through downregulation of pVHL. This study supports further investigation of EMP2 as a promising novel target for therapeutic treatment of pathologic neovascularization in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Sun
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nina Cherian
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology Lab Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lucia Liu
- Department of Pathology Lab Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ann M Chan
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Aguirre
- Department of Pathology Lab Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alison Chu
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Strawbridge
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Esther S Kim
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meng-Chin Lin
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irena Tsui
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynn K Gordon
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology Lab Medicine, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Ma Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Liang Z, Lu P, Song F, Wang Y, Zhang J. Development of a naringenin microemulsion as a prospective ophthalmic delivery system for the treatment of corneal neovascularization: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2021; 29:111-127. [PMID: 34964414 PMCID: PMC8725867 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2021323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringenin, a flavonoid, possesses antiangiogenic potential and inhibits corneal neovascularization (CNV); however, its therapeutic use is restricted due to poor solubility and limited bioavailability. In this study, we developed a naringenin microemulsion (NAR-ME) for inhibiting CNV. NAR-ME formulation was composed of triacetin (oil phase), Cremophor RH40 (CRH40), PEG400, and water, its droplet size was 13.22 ± 0.13 nm with a narrow size distribution (0.112 ± 0.0014). The results demonstrated that NAR-ME released higher and permeated more drug than NAR suspension (NAR-Susp) in in vitro drug release and ex vivo corneal permeation study. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) toxicity study showed no toxicity with NAR-ME, which is consistent with the result of ocular irritation study. NAR-ME had high bioavailability 1.45-fold, 2.15-fold, and 1.35-fold higher than NAR-Susp in the cornea, conjunctiva, and aqueous humor, respectively. Moreover, NAR-ME (0.5% NAR) presented efficacy comparable to that of dexamethasone (0.025%) in the inhibition of CNV in mice CNV model induced by alkali burning, resulting from the attenuation of corneal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-14) expression. In conclusion, the optimized NAR-ME formulation demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties and good tolerance, enhanced ocular bioavailability and corneal permeability. This formulation is promising, safe, and effective for the treatment of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Song
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Pan J, Luo X, Zhao S, Li J, Jiang Z. miR-340-5p mediates the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells on corneal neovascularization. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 260:497-507. [PMID: 34495369 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study revealed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) inhibited angiogenesis via miRNA-mediated repression of prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1). This study aimed to verify whether miR-340-5p participates in the therapeutic effect of MSCs on corneal neovascularization (CNV) via repressing PROX1 and epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2). MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat CNV model was established by corneal alkali burn. The binding relationship between miR-340-5p and 3'-untranslational regions (3'UTRs) of EMP2 and PROX1 was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assay. After culturing corneal epithelial cells (CECs) using MSC supernatants, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in CEC supernatants and the CEC viability were detected. The role of miR-340-5p in the therapeutic effect of MSC on CNV was determined via lentivirus-mediated miR-340-5p intervention in vivo. RESULTS The expression of miR-340-5p was reduced and EMP2 and PROX1 were increased in CNV corneal tissues. The lentivirus-mediated overexpression of miR-340-5p inhibited the expressions of EMP2 and PROX1. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-340-5p could bind with the 3'UTRs of EMP2 and PROX1. miR-340-5p was enriched in MSC supernatants and the culture of CECs using MSC supernatants increased the miR-340-5p expression in CECs. After being cultured in miR-340-5p-knocking down MSC supernatants, the expressions of EMP2 and PROX1 were increased, and the VEGF level and CEC viability were restored. The in vivo experiments also indicated that the therapeutic effect of MSCs was mediated by miR-340-5p. CONCLUSIONS miR-340-5p mediates the therapeutic effect of MSCs on CNV via binding and repressing the expressions of EMP2 and PROX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Burn and Wound Healing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,Wound Repair Department, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No. 2 Zhongloudi Street, Kecheng District, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zipei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Hao D, Nourbakhsh M. Recent Advances in Experimental Burn Models. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:526. [PMID: 34204763 PMCID: PMC8231482 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimental burn models are essential tools for simulating human burn injuries and exploring the consequences of burns or new treatment strategies. Unlike clinical studies, experimental models allow a direct comparison of different aspects of burns under controlled conditions and thereby provide relevant information on the molecular mechanisms of tissue damage and wound healing, as well as potential therapeutic targets. While most comparative burn studies are performed in animal models, a few human or humanized models have been successfully employed to study local events at the injury site. However, the consensus between animal and human studies regarding the cellular and molecular nature of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), scarring, and neovascularization is limited. The many interspecies differences prohibit the outcomes of animal model studies from being fully translated into the human system. Thus, the development of more targeted, individualized treatments for burn injuries remains a major challenge in this field. This review focuses on the latest progress in experimental burn models achieved since 2016, and summarizes the outcomes regarding potential methodological improvements, assessments of molecular responses to injury, and therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahtab Nourbakhsh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
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Chu A, Kok SY, Tsui J, Lin MC, Aguirre B, Wadehra M. Epithelial membrane protein 2 (Emp2) modulates innate immune cell population recruitment at the maternal-fetal interface. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 145:103309. [PMID: 33774530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) is a tetraspan membrane protein that has been revealed in cancer and placental models to mediate a number of vascular responses. Recently, Emp2 modulation has been shown to have an immunologic effect on uterine NK cell recruitment in the mouse placenta. Given the importance of immune cell populations on both placental vascularization and maternal immune tolerance of the developing fetus, we wanted to better characterize the immunologic effects of Emp2 at the placental-fetal interface. We performed flow cytometry of WT and Emp2 KO C57Bl/6 mouse uterine horns at GD12.5 to characterize immune cell populations localized to the various components of the maternal-fetal interface. We found that Emp2 KO decidua and placenta showed an elevated overall percentage of CD45+ cells compared to WT. Characterization of CD45+ cells in the decidua of Emp2 KO dams revealed an increase in NK cells, whereas in the placenta, Emp2 KO dams showed an increased percentage of M1 macrophages (with an increased ratio of M1/M2 macrophages). Given the differences detected in uNK cell populations in the decidua, we further characterized the interaction between Emp2 genetic KO and NK cell deletion via anti-asialo GM1 antibody injections. While the double knock-out of Emp2 and NK cells did not alter individual pup birthweight, it significantly reduced total litter weight and size by ∼50 %. In conclusion, Emp2 appears to regulate uNK and macrophage cell populations in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Chu
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC B2-411, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Su-Yin Kok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jessica Tsui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Meng-Chin Lin
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC B2-411, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Brian Aguirre
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 4525 MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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10
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Han H, Yin Q, Tang X, Yu X, Gao Q, Tang Y, Grzybowski A, Yao K, Ji J, Shentu X. Development of mucoadhesive cationic polypeptide micelles for sustained cabozantinib release and inhibition of corneal neovascularization. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5143-5154. [PMID: 32420566 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00874e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the leading risk factors for vision loss. Anti-angiogenic drugs can theoretically be extended to the treatment of CNV. However, the application of these drugs is often hindered by traditional administration methods, e.g., eye drops, which is ascribed to the unique structure of the cornea and tear film. In this study, cationic polypeptide nanoparticles with mucoadhesive ability that carry lipophilic cabozantinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor), called Cabo-NPs, were developed for sustained cabozantinib release and inhibition of CNV. The polypeptides were synthesized via N-carboxyanhydride ring-opening polymerization and could self-assemble into micelles with cabozantinib in aqueous solution. The Cabo-NPs possessed good biocompatibility both in corneal epithelial cells and mouse corneas. More importantly, in vitro angiogenesis assays demonstrated the strong inhibitory effect of Cabo-NPs on cell migration and tube formation. Furthermore, the Cabo-NPs exerted superior anti-angiogenic effects with remarkable reductions in the neovascular area, which were as effective as the clinical dexamethasone but without apparent side effects. The therapeutic mechanism of the Cabo-NPs is closely related to the significant decrease in proangiogenic and proinflammatory factors, suppressing neovascularization and inflammation. Overall, cationic Cabo-NPs offer a new prospect for safe and effective CNV treatment via enhancing the bioavailability of lipophilic cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, P. R. China.
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Song S, Cheng J, Yu BJ, Zhou L, Xu HF, Yang LL. LRG1 promotes corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in a corneal alkali burn mouse model. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:365-373. [PMID: 32309171 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) on corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. METHODS Corneal neovascularization and lymphatics were induced by establishing alkali burn mouse model. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the location of LRG1 in cornea tissues and to verify the source of LRG1-positive cells. Corneal whole-mount staining for CD31 (a panendothelial cell marker) and lymphatic endothelial hyluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1; lymphatic marker) was performed to detect the growth of blood and lymphatic vessels after local application of exogenous LRG1 protein or LRG1 siRNA. In addition, expressions of the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) related proteins were detected using Western blot analysis. RESULTS LRG1 was dramatically increased in alkali burned corneal stroma in both the limbal and central areas. LRG1-positive cells in the corneal stroma were mainly derived from Vimentin-positive cells. Local application of exogenous LRG1 protein not only aggravated angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis significantly (P<0.01). LRG1 group upregulated the levels of VEGF and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family when compared with the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control group. We also found that LRG1-specific siRNA could suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis when compared with the scramble siRNA-treated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION LRG1 can facilitate corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through heightening the stromal expression of VEGF-A, B, C, D and VEGFR-1, 2, 3; LRG1-specific siRNA can suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in corneal alkali burn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Song
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China.,Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bing-Jie Yu
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China.,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China.,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Xu
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
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Donnan MD, Scott RP, Onay T, Tarjus A, Onay UV, Quaggin SE. Genetic Deletion of Emp2 Does Not Cause Proteinuric Kidney Disease in Mice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:189. [PMID: 31508419 PMCID: PMC6718710 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common glomerular diseases in children and can be classified on the basis of steroid responsiveness. While multiple genetic causes have been discovered for steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, the genetics of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome remains elusive. Mutations in Epithelial Membrane Protein 2 (EMP2), a member of the GAS3/PMP22 tetraspan family of proteins, were recently implicated as putative monogenic cause of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. We investigated this hypothesis by developing Emp2 reporter and knockout mouse models. In lacZ reporter mice (engineered to drive expression of the enzyme β-galactosidase under the control of the endogenous murine Emp2 promoter), Emp2 promoter activity was not observed in podocytes but was particularly prominent in medium- and large-caliber arterial vessels in the kidney and other tissues where it localizes specifically in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) but not in the endothelium. Strong Emp2 expression was also found in non-vascular smooth muscle cells found in other organs like the stomach, bladder, and uterus. Global and podocyte-specific Emp2 knockout mice were viable and did not develop nephrotic syndrome showing no evidence of abnormal glomerular histology or ultrastructure. Altogether, our results do not support that loss of function of EMP2 represent a monogenic cause of proteinuric kidney disease. However, the expression pattern of Emp2 indicates that it may be relevant in smooth muscle function in various organs and tissues including the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Donnan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rizaldy P Scott
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Antoine Tarjus
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ummiye Venus Onay
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Yu H, Sun L, Cui J, Li Y, Yan Y, Wei X, Wang C, Song F, Jiang W, Liu Y, Ge H, Qian H, Li X, Tang X, Liu P. Three kinds of corneal host cells contribute differently to corneal neovascularization. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:542-553. [PMID: 31126890 PMCID: PMC6604366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corneal neovascularization (angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis) compromises corneal transparency and transplant survival, however, the molecular mechanisms of corneal host epithelial and stromal cells in neovascularization have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, the contribution and mechanism of corneal host endothelial cells involved in neovascularization are largely unexplored. Methods Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunoblotting, and ELISA were used to screen and identify potential neovascularization-related factors in human full-thickness vascularized corneal tissues. Lipopolysaccharide was used to induce inflammation in three kinds of corneal host cells in vitro, including corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells. Fungus was used to establish an animal model of corneal neovascularization in vivo. Tube formation and spheroid sprouting assays were used to evaluate the contribution of three kinds of corneal host cells to the degree of neovascularization under various stimuli. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, alpha-crystallin A chain (CRYAA), galectin-8, Bcl-2, neuropilin-2, MMP-9 plasmids, and recombinant human fibronectin were used to identify the key proteins of corneal host cells involved in corneal inflammatory neovascularization. Findings All three kinds of corneal host cells influenced corneal neovascularization to varying degrees. MMP-9 in human corneal epithelial cells, MMP-2, and CRYAA in human corneal stromal cells, and MMP-2 and galectin-8 in human corneal endothelial cells are potential key proteins that participate in corneal inflammatory neovascularization. Interpretation Our data indicated that both the effects of key proteins and corneal host cells involved should be considered for the treatment of corneal inflammatory neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Liyao Sun
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Fanqian Song
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wentong Jiang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xianling Tang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, China.
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