1
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Daich Varela M, Schiff E, Malka S, Wright G, Mahroo OA, Webster AR, Michaelides M, Arno G. PHYH c.678+5G>T Leads to In-Frame Exon Skipping and Is Associated With Attenuated Refsum Disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:38. [PMID: 38411969 PMCID: PMC10910431 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the molecular effect of the variant PHYH:c.678+5G>T. This variant has conflicting interpretations in the ClinVar database and a maximum allele frequency of 0.0045 in the South Asian population in gnomAD. Methods We recruited patients from Moorfields Eye Hospital (London, UK) and Buenos Aires, Argentina, who were diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa and found to have biallelic variants in PHYH, with at least one being c.678+5G>T. Total RNA was purified from PaxGene RNA-stabilized whole-blood samples, followed by reverse transcription to cDNA, PCR amplification of the canonical PHYH transcript, Oxford Nanopore Technologies library preparation, and single-molecule amplicon sequencing. Results Four patients provided a blood sample. One patient had isolated retinitis pigmentosa and three had mild extraocular findings. Blood phytanic acid levels were normal in two patients, mildly elevated in one, and markedly high in the fourth. Retinal evaluation showed an intact ellipsoid zone as well as preserved autofluorescence in the macular region in three of the four patients. In all patients, we observed in-frame skipping of exons 5 and 6 in 31.1% to 88.4% of the amplicons and a smaller proportion (0% to 11.3% of amplicons) skipping exon 6 only. Conclusions We demonstrate a significant effect of PHYH:c.678+5G>T on splicing of the canonical transcript. The in-frame nature of this may be in keeping with a mild presentation and higher prevalence in the general population. These data support the classification of the variant as pathogenic, and patients harboring a biallelic genotype should undergo phytanic acid testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Daich Varela
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Omar A. Mahroo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Webster
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Arno
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Zernant J, Lee W, Wang J, Goetz K, Ullah E, Nagasaki T, Su PY, Fishman GA, Tsang SH, Tumminia SJ, Brooks BP, Hufnagel RB, Chen R, Allikmets R. Rare and common variants in ROM1 and PRPH2 genes trans-modify Stargardt/ABCA4 disease. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010129. [PMID: 35353811 PMCID: PMC9000055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 1,500 variants in the ABCA4 locus cause phenotypes ranging from severe, early-onset retinal degeneration to very late-onset maculopathies. The resulting ABCA4/Stargardt disease is the most prevalent Mendelian eye disorder, although its underlying clinical heterogeneity, including penetrance of many alleles, are not well-understood. We hypothesized that a share of this complexity is explained by trans-modifiers, i.e., variants in unlinked loci, which are currently unknown. We sought to identify these by performing exome sequencing in a large cohort for a rare disease of 622 cases and compared variation in seven genes known to clinically phenocopy ABCA4 disease to cohorts of ethnically matched controls. We identified a significant enrichment of variants in 2 out of the 7 genes. Moderately rare, likely functional, variants, at the minor allele frequency (MAF) <0.005 and CADD>25, were enriched in ROM1, where 1.3% of 622 patients harbored a ROM1 variant compared to 0.3% of 10,865 controls (p = 2.41E04; OR 3.81 95% CI [1.77; 8.22]). More importantly, analysis of common variants (MAF>0.1) identified a frequent haplotype in PRPH2, tagged by the p.Asp338 variant with MAF = 0.21 in the matched general population that was significantly increased in the patient cohort, MAF 0.25, p = 0.0014. Significant differences were also observed between ABCA4 disease subgroups. In the late-onset subgroup, defined by the hypomorphic p.Asn1868Ile variant and including c.4253+43G>A, the allele frequency for the PRPH2 p.Asp338 variant was 0.15 vs 0.27 in the remaining cohort, p = 0.00057. Known functional data allowed suggesting a mechanism by which the PRPH2 haplotype influences the ABCA4 disease penetrance. These associations were replicated in an independent cohort of 408 patients. The association was highly statistically significant in the combined cohorts of 1,030 cases, p = 4.00E-05 for all patients and p = 0.00014 for the hypomorph subgroup, suggesting a substantial trans-modifying role in ABCA4 disease for both rare and common variants in two unlinked loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zernant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kerry Goetz
- National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pei-Yin Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gerald A. Fishman
- The Pangere Center for Inherited Retinal Diseases, The Chicago Lighthouse, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Santa J. Tumminia
- National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Brooks
- National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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3
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Cremers FPM, Lee W, Collin RWJ, Allikmets R. Clinical spectrum, genetic complexity and therapeutic approaches for retinal disease caused by ABCA4 mutations. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 79:100861. [PMID: 32278709 PMCID: PMC7544654 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ABCA4 protein (then called a “rim protein”) was first
identified in 1978 in the rims and incisures of rod photoreceptors. The
corresponding gene, ABCA4, was cloned in 1997, and variants
were identified as the cause of autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1).
Over the next two decades, variation in ABCA4 has been
attributed to phenotypes other than the classically defined STGD1 or fundus
flavimaculatus, ranging from early onset and fast progressing cone-rod dystrophy
and retinitis pigmentosa-like phenotypes to very late onset cases of mostly mild
disease sometimes resembling, and confused with, age-related macular
degeneration. Similarly, analysis of the ABCA4 locus uncovered
a trove of genetic information, including >1200 disease-causing mutations
of varying severity, and of all types – missense, nonsense, small
deletions/insertions, and splicing affecting variants, of which many are located
deep-intronic. Altogether, this has greatly expanded our understanding of
complexity not only of the diseases caused by ABCA4 mutations,
but of all Mendelian diseases in general. This review provides an in depth
assessment of the cumulative knowledge of ABCA4-associated retinopathy –
clinical manifestations, genetic complexity, pathophysiology as well as current
and proposed therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Genetic Spectrum of EYS-associated Retinal Disease in a Large Japanese Cohort: Identification of Disease-associated Variants with Relatively High Allele Frequency. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5497. [PMID: 32218477 PMCID: PMC7099090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic variants in the EYS gene are a major cause of autosomal recessive inherited retinal disease (IRD), with a high prevalence in the Asian population. The purpose of this study was to identify pathogenic EYS variants, to determine the clinical/genetic spectrum of EYS-associated retinal disease (EYS-RD), and to discover disease-associated variants with relatively high allele frequency (1%-10%) in a nationwide Japanese cohort. Sixty-six affected subjects from 61 families with biallelic or multiple pathogenic/disease-associated EYS variants were ascertained by whole-exome sequencing. Three phenotype groups were identified in EYS-RD: retinitis pigmentosa (RP; 85.94%), cone-rod dystrophy (CORD; 10.94%), and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA; 3.12%). Twenty-six pathogenic/disease-associated EYS variants were identified, including seven novel variants. The two most prevalent variants, p.(Gly843Glu) and p.(Thr2465Ser) were found in 26 and twelve families (42.6%, 19.7%), respectively, for which the allele frequency (AF) in the Japanese population was 2.2% and 3.0%, respectively. These results expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of EYS-RD, accounting for a high proportion of EYS-RD both in autosomal recessive RP (23.4%) and autosomal recessive CORD (9.9%) in the Japanese population. The presence of EYS variants with relatively high AF highlights the importance of considering the pathogenicity of non-rare variants in relatively prevalent Mendelian disorders.
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Nassisi M, Mohand-Saïd S, Andrieu C, Antonio A, Condroyer C, Méjécase C, Dhaenens CM, Sahel JA, Zeitz C, Audo I. Peripapillary Sparing With Near Infrared Autofluorescence Correlates With Electroretinographic Findings in Patients With Stargardt Disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:4951-4957. [PMID: 31790517 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the correlation between the quantification of peripapillary sparing and electroretinogram (ERG) outcomes in autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1). Methods Near infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIR-FAF) images of 101 eyes of 101 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Peripapillary sparing was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The area of spared tissue (AST) was calculated in a 1-mm-wide ring around the optic disc after binarization of the 55° NIR-FAF. These measurements were correlated with the presence of normal ERG (group I), abnormal photopic responses (group II), or abnormal photopic and scotopic responses (group III). Results AST showed significant correlations with ERG groups (R = -0.802, P < 0.001). While qualitative assessment of peripapillary sparing (i.e., present or not) also showed a significant correlation with ERG groups (R = -0.435, P < 0.001), it was weaker than by AST quantification. The ordinal regression analysis showed that the increase in AST was associated with a decrease in the odds of belonging to ERG groups II and III, with an odds ratio of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-0.87), P < 0.001. Conclusions The AST around the optic disc in eyes with STGD1 correlates with the impairment of photoreceptors as shown in the ERG. If replicated in future longitudinal studies, the quantification of peripapillary sparing may prove to be a useful parameter for evaluating the visual prognosis of these eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Nassisi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientfique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Saddek Mohand-Saïd
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | - Camille Andrieu
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | - Aline Antonio
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientfique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Christel Condroyer
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientfique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Méjécase
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientfique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 1172, CHU Lille, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department-UF Génopathies, Lille, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientfique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.,Académie des Sciences-Institut de France, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientfique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientfique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Runhart EH, Valkenburg D, Cornelis SS, Khan M, Sangermano R, Albert S, Bax NM, Astuti GDN, Gilissen C, Pott JWR, Verheij JBGM, Blokland EAW, Cremers FPM, van den Born LI, Hoyng CB. Late-Onset Stargardt Disease Due to Mild, Deep-Intronic ABCA4 Alleles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:4249-4256. [PMID: 31618761 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of two deep-intronic ABCA4 variants, that showed a mild splice defect in vitro and can occur on the same allele as the low penetrant c.5603A>T, in Stargardt disease (STGD1). Methods Ophthalmic data were assessed of 18 STGD1 patients who harbored c.769-784C>T or c.4253+43G>A in combination with a severe ABCA4 variant. Subjects carrying c.[769-784C>T; 5603A>T] were clinically compared with a STGD1 cohort previously published carrying c.5603A>T noncomplex. We calculated the penetrances of the intronic variants using ABCA4 allele frequency data of the general population and investigated the effect of c.769-784C>T on splicing in photoreceptor progenitor cells (PPCs). Results Mostly, late-onset, foveal-sparing STGD1 was observed among subjects harboring c.769-784C>T or c.4253+43G>A (median age of onset, 54.5 and 52.0 years, respectively). However, ages of onset, phenotypes in fundo, and visual acuity courses varied widely. No significant clinical differences were observed between the c.[769-784C>T; 5603A>T] cohort and the c.4253+43G>A or the c.5603A>T cohort. The penetrances of c.769-784C>T (20.5%-39.6%) and c.4253+43G>A (35.8%-43.1%) were reduced, when not considering the effect of yet unidentified or known factors in cis, such as c.5603A>T (identified in 7/7 probands with c.769-784C>T; 1/8 probands with c.4253+43G>A). Variant c.769-784C>T resulted in a pseudo-exon insertion in 15% of the total mRNA (i.e., ∼30% of the c.769-784C>T allele alone). Conclusions Two mild intronic ABCA4 variants could further explain missing heritability in late-onset STGD1, distinguishing it from AMD. The observed clinical variability and calculated reduced penetrance urge research into modifiers within and outside of the ABCA4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee H Runhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dyon Valkenburg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie S Cornelis
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mubeen Khan
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Sangermano
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Silvia Albert
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie M Bax
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Galuh D N Astuti
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem R Pott
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joke B G M Verheij
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen A W Blokland
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Tracewska AM, Kocyła-Karczmarewicz B, Rafalska A, Murawska J, Jakubaszko-Jablonska J, Rydzanicz M, Stawiński P, Ciara E, Khan MI, Henkes A, Hoischen A, Gilissen C, van de Vorst M, Cremers FPM, Płoski R, Chrzanowska KH. Genetic Spectrum of ABCA4-Associated Retinal Degeneration in Poland. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E959. [PMID: 31766579 PMCID: PMC6947411 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in retina-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter 4 (ABCA4) are responsible for over 95% of cases of Stargardt disease (STGD), as well as a minor proportion of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and cone-rod dystrophy cases (CRD). Since the knowledge of the genetic causes of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) in Poland is still scarce, the purpose of this study was to identify pathogenic ABCA4 variants in a subgroup of Polish IRD patients. We recruited 67 families with IRDs as a part of a larger study. The patients were screened with next generation sequencing using a molecular inversion probes (MIPs)-based technique targeting 108 genes involved in the pathogenesis of IRDs. All identified mutations were validated and their familial segregation was tested using Sanger sequencing. In the case of the most frequent complex allele, consisting of two variants in exon 12 and 21, familial segregation was tested using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The most prevalent variant, a complex change c.[1622T>C;3113C>T], p.[Leu541Pro;Ala1038Val], was found in this cohort in 54% of all solved ABCA4-associated disorder cases, which is the highest frequency reported thus far. Additionally, we identified nine families displaying a pseudo-dominant mode of inheritance, indicating a high frequency of pathogenic variants within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Tracewska
- DNA Analysis Unit, ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network–PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Rafalska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (A.R.); (J.J.-J.)
| | - Joanna Murawska
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Centre, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Joanna Jakubaszko-Jablonska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (A.R.); (J.J.-J.)
- Department of Paediatric Traumatology and Emergency Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland
- SPEKTRUM Ophthalmology Clinic, 53-334 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.); (P.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Piotr Stawiński
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.); (P.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (B.K.-K.); (E.C.)
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherland; (M.I.K.); (A.H.); (A.H.); (M.v.d.V.); (F.P.M.C.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Arjen Henkes
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherland; (M.I.K.); (A.H.); (A.H.); (M.v.d.V.); (F.P.M.C.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherland; (M.I.K.); (A.H.); (A.H.); (M.v.d.V.); (F.P.M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje van de Vorst
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherland; (M.I.K.); (A.H.); (A.H.); (M.v.d.V.); (F.P.M.C.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Frans P. M. Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherland; (M.I.K.); (A.H.); (A.H.); (M.v.d.V.); (F.P.M.C.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.); (P.S.); (R.P.)
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8
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Dan H, Huang X, Xing Y, Shen Y. Application of targeted exome and whole-exome sequencing for Chinese families with Stargardt disease. Ann Hum Genet 2019; 84:177-184. [PMID: 31674661 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate pathogenic variants and molecular etiologies of Stargardt disease (STGD) in a cohort of Chinese families. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 12 unrelated STGD families diagnosed on the basis of clinical manifestations underwent analysis by targeted exome or whole-exome sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis, Sanger sequencing, and cosegregation analysis of available family members were used to validate sequencing data and confirm the presence of disease-causing genes. RESULTS Using targeted exome and whole-exome sequencing, we found that eight families had disease-causing variants in the ABCA4 gene, one family had only one heterozygous variant in the ABCA4 gene, and the remaining three families have not been identified with any disease-causing variants for STGD. We identified 15 variants in the ABCA4 gene; of these, five variants have not been previously described for STGD. CONCLUSION The findings in this study expand the data regarding the frequency and spectrum of variants in the ABCA4 gene, thus potentially enriching our understanding of the molecular basis of STGD. Moreover, they constitute clues for future STGD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handong Dan
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiqiao Xing
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Shen
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Valkenburg D, Runhart EH, Bax NM, Liefers B, Lambertus SL, Sánchez CI, Cremers FPM, Hoyng CB. Highly Variable Disease Courses in Siblings with Stargardt Disease. Ophthalmology 2019; 126:1712-1721. [PMID: 31522899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate intersibling phenotypic concordance in Stargardt disease (STGD1). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Siblings with genetically confirmed STGD1 and at least 1 available fundus autofluorescence (FAF) image of both eyes. METHODS We compared age at onset within families. Disease duration was matched to investigate differences in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and compared the survival time for reaching severe visual impairment (<20/200 Snellen or >1.0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]). Central retinal atrophy area was quantified independently by 2 experienced graders using semiautomated software and compared between siblings. Both graders performed qualitative assessment of FAF and spectral-domain (SD) OCT images to identify phenotypic differences. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in age at onset, disease duration-matched BCVA, time to severe visual impairment development, FAF atrophy area, FAF patterns, and genotypes. RESULTS Substantial differences in age at onset were present in 5 of 17 families, ranging from 13 to 39 years. Median BCVA at baseline was 0.60 logMAR (range, -0.20 to 2.30 logMAR; Snellen equivalent, 20/80 [range, 20/12-hand movements]) in the right eye and 0.50 logMAR (range, -0.20 to 2.30 logMAR; Snellen equivalent, 20/63 [range, 20/12-hand movements]) in the left eye. Disease duration-matched BCVA was investigated in 12 of 17 families, and the median difference was 0.41 logMAR (range, 0.00-1.10 logMAR) for the right eye and 0.41 logMAR (range, 0.00-1.08 logMAR) for the left eye. We observed notable differences in time to severe visual impairment development in 7 families, ranging from 1 to 29 years. Median central retinal atrophy area was 11.38 mm2 in the right eye (range, 1.98-44.78 mm2) and 10.59 mm2 in the left eye (range, 1.61-40.59 mm2) and highly comparable between siblings. Similarly, qualitative FAF and SD OCT phenotypes were highly comparable between siblings. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic discordance between siblings with STGD1 carrying the same ABCA4 variants is a prevalent phenomenon. Although the FAF phenotypes are highly comparable between siblings, functional outcomes differ substantially. This complicates both sibling-based prognosis and genotype-phenotype correlations and has important implications for patient care and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyon Valkenburg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee H Runhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie M Bax
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Liefers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley L Lambertus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara I Sánchez
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Cremers FPM, Cornelis SS, Runhart EH, Astuti GDN. Author Response: Penetrance of the ABCA4 p.Asn1868Ile Allele in Stargardt Disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5566-5568. [PMID: 30480704 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie S Cornelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee H Runhart
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Galuh D N Astuti
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
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