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Xu F, Xie L, He J, Huang Q, Shen Y, Chen L, Zeng X. Detection of common pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis via microarray data analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28029. [PMID: 38628735 PMCID: PMC11019104 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research reveal rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is related to atherosclerosis (AS), common pathogenesis between these two diseases still needs to be explored. In current study, we explored the common pathogenesis between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and atherosclerosis (AS) by identifying 297 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) associated with both diseases. Through KEGG and GO functional analysis, we highlighted the correlation of these DEGs with crucial biological processes such as the vesicle transport, immune system process, signaling receptor binding, chemokine signaling and many others. Employing Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis, we elucidated the associations between DEGs, revealing three gene modules enriched in immune system process, vesicle, signaling receptor binding, Pertussis, and among others. Additionally, through CytoHubba analysis, we pinpointed 11 hub genes integral to intergrin-mediated signaling pathway, plasma membrane, phosphotyrosine binding, chemokine signaling pathway and so on. Further investigation via the TRRUST database identified two key Transcription Factors (TFs), SPI1 and RELA, closely linked with these hub genes, shedding light on their regulatory roles. Finally, leveraging the collective insights from hub genes and TFs, we proposed 10 potential drug candidates targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying RA and AS pathogenesis. Further investigation on xCell revealed that 14 types of cells were all different in both AS and RA. This study underscores the shared pathogenic mechanisms, pivotal genes, and potential therapeutic interventions bridging RA and AS, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Linfeng Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiuyu Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanming Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangwan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Li L, Yu Y, Zhuang Z, Wu Q, Lin S, Hu J. Dopamine Receptor 1 Treatment Promotes Epithelial Repair of Corneal Injury by Inhibiting NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3-Associated Inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:49. [PMID: 38294802 PMCID: PMC10839817 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the influence of dopamine receptor 1 (DRD1) on the proliferation of mouse corneal epithelial cells (MCECs) under inflammatory conditions. Methods In vitro, immortalized MCECs (iMCECs) were treated with IL-1β, with and without pcDNA3.1_DRD1. Primary MCECs (pMCECs) were exposed to IL-1β, with and without DRD1 agonist (A68930). Cell proliferation was quantified using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and immunofluorescence staining for Ki-67 and p63. Expression levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), IL-1β, and IL-6 were assessed. To establish a corneal injury model in mice, a 2-mm superficial keratectomy was performed. Either 0.1% A68930 or PBS was topically administered three times daily to the injured eyes for up to 5 days post-injury. Immunofluorescence analysis was employed to evaluate the expression of Ki-67, p63, and CD45 in mouse corneas. Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR were utilized for quantitative analysis of DRD1, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-6 in mouse corneas. Corneal epithelial regeneration was monitored through fluorescein sodium staining for a duration of up to 5 days following the injury. Results Overexpression of DRD1 and A68930 promoted MCEC proliferation and suppressed the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-6 in vitro. Topical application of the 0.1% A68930 following mechanical corneal injury in mice led to increased Ki-67 and p63 expression compared to PBS treatment. Furthermore, topical administration of the 0.1% A68930 reduced the expression of CD45, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-6. Analysis with fluorescein sodium indicated accelerated corneal epithelial regeneration in the 0.1% A68930 treatment group. Conclusions DRD1 treatment counteracts NLRP3-associated inflammation and facilitates epithelial repair of corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Engineering Research Centre of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Engineering Research Centre of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zihao Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Engineering Research Centre of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shu Lin
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Engineering Research Centre of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Lin SH, Fang YH, Jia FL, Li YJ. Neurogenic dry eye associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:NP35-NP40. [PMID: 37350417 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231177475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of neurogenic dry eye (NDE) that developed after intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR). CASE REPORT A 71-year-old woman had a history of cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). Aneurysmal dilatation of the inferior temporal retina was found in the left fundus, which was diagnosed as retinal aneurysm, and intravitreal ranibizumab injection was administered. Dry eye was found in the left eye after the first injection. After the second injection, the patient developed severe dry eye with left eye dryness, photophobia, irritation, and blurred vision. The tear film breakup time (TBUT) value was 3 s, the Schirmer test value was 2 mm/5 min, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) showed diffuse patellar staining of the corneal epithelium with a staining area of >50% and irregular staining at the edge of the corneal flap, and the corneal touch threshold value in the filament length was 1.5 cm in the left eye. CONCLUSIONS Patients with a history of intraocular lens implantation, Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis surgery may have increased drug permeability due to an increased concentration of anti-VEGF drugs in the aqueous layer and thinning of the stromal layer of the cornea. The corneal subepithelial nerve repair mechanism was destroyed, causing neurogenic dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Fa-Li Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Ying-Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
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4
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Tarvestad-Laise KE, Ceresa BP. Modulating Growth Factor Receptor Signaling to Promote Corneal Epithelial Homeostasis. Cells 2023; 12:2730. [PMID: 38067157 PMCID: PMC10706396 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is the first anatomical barrier between the environment and the cornea; it is critical for proper light refraction onto the retina and prevents pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses) from entering the immune-privileged eye. Trauma to the highly innervated corneal epithelium is extremely painful and if not resolved quickly or properly, can lead to infection and ultimately blindness. The healthy eye produces its own growth factors and is continuously bathed in tear fluid that contains these proteins and other nutrients to maintain the rapid turnover and homeostasis of the ocular surface. In this article, we review the roles of growth factors in corneal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration and some of the limitations to their use therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Tarvestad-Laise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Brian P. Ceresa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Dong Q, Qi B, Zhang B, Zhuang X, Chen S, Zhou Q, Zhang BN, Li S. Overactivation of Norepinephrine-β2-Adrenergic Receptor Axis Promotes Corneal Neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:20. [PMID: 36897151 PMCID: PMC10010442 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.3.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of the sympathetic nervous system in corneal neovascularization (CNV) and to identify the downstream pathway involved in this regulation. Methods Three types of CNV models were constructed with C57BL/6J mice, including the alkali burn model, suture model, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) corneal micropocket model. Subconjunctival injection of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) was administered in these three models. Control mice received injections of water of the same volume. The corneal CNV was detected using slit-lamp microscopy and immunostaining with CD31, and the results were quantified by ImageJ. The expression of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) was stained with mouse corneas and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, the anti-CNV effects of β2-AR antagonist ICI-118,551 (ICI) were examined with HUVEC tube formation assay and with a bFGF micropocket model. Additionally, partial β2-AR knockdown mice (Adrb2+/-) were used to establish the bFGF micropocket model, and the corneal CNV size was quantified based on the slit-lamp images and vessel staining. Results Sympathetic nerves invaded the cornea in the suture CNV model. The NE receptor β2-AR was highly expressed in corneal epithelium and blood vessels. The addition of NE significantly promoted corneal angiogenesis, whereas ICI effectively inhibited CNV invasion and HUVEC tube formation. Adrb2 knockdown significantly reduced the cornea area occupied by CNV. Conclusions Our study found that sympathetic nerves grow into the cornea in conjunction with newly formed vessels. The addition of the sympathetic neurotransmitter NE and activation of its downstream receptor β2-AR promoted CNV. Targeting β2-AR could potentially be used as an anti-CNV strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Dong
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, China
| | - Benxiang Qi
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhuang
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shijiu Chen
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bi Ning Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Suxia Li
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
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Yoo YS, Park S, Eun P, Park YM, Lim DH, Chung TY. Corneal Neuro-Regenerative Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation in Rabbit Lamellar Keratectomy Model. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:17. [PMID: 36223127 PMCID: PMC9583744 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) on corneal nerve regeneration in rabbits injured from superficial lamellar keratectomy (SLK). Methods New Zealand White rabbits were used in this experimental study. To induce corneal nerve damage, SLK was performed using a 7.0-mm trephine. TES was applied for 28 days after the corneal nerve injury. Corneal sensitivity, Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunofluorescence were performed to observe changes in the corneal tissue. Results In the 2-Hz and 20-Hz electrical stimulation groups, the degree of corneal wound healing increased by more than 10% compared to the control group, but no significant difference was observed. Conversely, the electrical stimulation (2-Hz or 20-Hz) group showed significantly increased corneal sensitivity compared to the control group. Western blot analysis revealed that small proline-rich protein 1A (SPRR1a), a regeneration-associated protein was significantly increased in the 2-Hz group on days 1 and 7 compared to that in the other groups. Once again, nerve regeneration in the 2-Hz group was supported by the results of PCR, in which a significant increase in the nerve growth factor (NGF) on day 1 was observed compared with the other groups. Moreover, immunofluorescence after 28 days of electrical stimulation showed significant nerve regeneration in the 2-Hz group. Conclusions TES promoted corneal nerve regeneration in rabbit SLK model. The application of electrical stimulation of 2-Hz frequency was more effective than the 20-Hz frequency, showing potential clinical applications for corneal diseases. Translational Relevance This study shows how application of TES to the eyes that exhibit corneal nerve damage can improve corneal nerve regeneration examined by histologic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sik Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sera Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pyeonghwa Eun
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hui Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yam GHF, Bandeira F, Liu YC, Devarajan K, Yusoff NZBM, Htoon HM, Mehta JS. Effect of corneal stromal lenticule customization on neurite distribution and excitatory property. J Adv Res 2021; 38:275-284. [PMID: 35572401 PMCID: PMC9091752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractive SMILE-derived stromal lenticules are useful in various tissue-engineering approach for therapeutics, of which they are required to be customized before implantation. Excimer laser-mediated reshaping, riboflavin-UVA-induced collagen crosslinking and chemical decellularization significantly removed lenticule neurites, but the residual neurites retained excitatory response. Reinnervation occurred in the decellularized lenticules, indicating a potential of nerve regeneration. Stromal lenticules, as a unique collagen-rich biomaterial with high transparency, refractivity and mechanically robust, together with the ability of neurite regeneration, could hold a potential for various ophthalmic applications.
Introduction Refractive stromal lenticules from Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE), though usually discarded, hold a potential for various ophthalmic applications, including refractive correction, stromal volume expansion, and biomechanical strengthening of the cornea. Objectives To investigate the effect of lenticule customization on lenticule neurite length profile and the excitatory response (calcium signaling) and the potential of reinnervation. Methods Human and porcine stromal lenticules were treated by (1) excimer laser reshaping, (2) ultraviolet A-riboflavin crosslinking (CXL), and (3) decellularization by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), respectively. The overall neurite scaffold immuno-positive to TuJ1 (neuron-specific class III β-tubulin) expression and population of active neurite fragments with calcium response revealed by L-glutamate-induced Fluo-4-acetoxymethyl ester reaction were captured by wide-field laser-scanning confocal microscopy, followed by z-stack image construction. The NeuronJ plugin was used to measure neurite lengths for TuJ1 (NL-TuJ1) and calcium signal (NL-Ca). Reinnervation of lenticules was examined by the ex vivo grafting of chick dorsal root ganglia (DRG) to the decellularized human lenticules. Differences between groups and controls were analyzed with ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test. Results The customization methods significantly eliminated neurites inside the lenticules. NL-TuJ1 was significantly reduced by 84% after excimer laser reshaping, 54% after CXL, and 96% after decellularization. The neurite remnants from reshaping and CXL exhibited calcium signaling, indicative of residual excitatory response. Re-innervation occurred in the decellularized lenticules upon stimulation of the grafted chick embryo DRG with nerve growth factor (NGF 2.5S). Conclusion All of the lenticule customization procedures reduced lenticule neurites, but the residual neurites still showed excitatory potential. Even though these neurite remnants seemed minimal, they could be advantageous to reinnervation with axon growth and guidance after lenticule reimplantation for refractive and volume restoration of the cornea.
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8
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Ji YW, Kang HG, Song JS, Jun JW, Han K, Kim TI, Seo KY, Lee HK. The Dopaminergic Neuronal System Regulates the Inflammatory Status of Mouse Lacrimal Glands in Dry Eye Disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:14. [PMID: 33844826 PMCID: PMC8039574 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Comparison of the parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons, including the dopaminergic neural system, in dry eye (DE)–induced pathophysiology has not been elucidated well. This study investigated the presence of dopamine receptors (DRs) and their functional roles in the lacrimal glands (LGs) of DE-induced mice. Methods After DE was induced in B6 mice for 2 weeks, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine, and DRs (DR1, DR2, etc.) in the LGs and corneas were measured by quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblot, and ELISA. Using flow cytometry and ELISA, immune cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression were determined in DE-induced LGs with or without DR blockers, SCH-23390 (DR1i), or melperone (DR2i). Corneal erosion scores were also investigated. Results The mRNA and protein levels of TH significantly increased in DE-induced LGs. The dopamine concentration of LGs was 9.51 pmol in DE (versus naive: 1.39 pmol; P < 0.001). Both DR1 and DR2 mRNA expression were significantly enhanced in desiccating stress compared with those in naive (3.7- and 2.1-fold, P < 0.001). Interestingly, DR1 and DR2 immunostaining patterns stained independently in DE-induced LGs. CD3+ and CD19+ cell infiltration was significantly increased by DR2i (P < 0.001) but not by DR1i. Furthermore, IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α were significantly upregulated by DR2i compared with the blow-only condition. The severity of corneal erosion and inflammation was also aggravated by DR2i. Conclusions Upregulation of DR1 and DR2 was observed in DE-induced mouse LGs. As the inflammatory conditions are aggravated by the inhibition of DRs, especially DR2, their activity may be an important factor preserving ocular surface homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woo Ji
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Suk Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Jun
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyusun Han
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Im Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
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Gong Q, Zhang S, Jiang L, Lin M, Xu Z, Yu Y, Wang Q, Lu F, Hu L. The effect of nerve growth factor on corneal nerve regeneration and dry eye after LASIK. Exp Eye Res 2021; 203:108428. [PMID: 33400926 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye is the most common complication after refractive surgery, especially after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), in which nerves may be cut when making the corneal flap. Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been demonstrated to stimulate corneal sensitivity and nerve regeneration and NGF has been suggested as a potential treatment for dry eye disease (DED). Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of NGF on corneal nerve regeneration, sensitivity and dry eye symptoms after LASIK, compared to hycosan and normal saline (NS) treatments. Thirty-eight New Zealand white rabbits that underwent LASIK procedures were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group underwent NGF, hycosan, and NS treatment. The nerve densities and the number of corneal sub-basal and superficial stromal nerves were measured with confocal microscopy, and the results were compared before surgery and at one month and three months postoperatively. Corneal sensitivity was assessed with an esthesiometer. The tear breakup time (TBUT) was recorded to check for signs of dry eye. The whole corneas of the experimental animals were excised at three months after the surgery for immunohistochemically analysis. After LASIK, treatment with NGF significantly accelerated the recovery of sub-basal and superficial stromal nerve densities and the numbers, compared to hycosan and NS treatments at one month and three months postoperatively (NGF vs. hycosan, P < 0.01 each; NGF vs. NS, P < 0.01 each). The recovery of corneal sensitivity was significantly enhanced in the NGF group compared to the hycosan or NS treatment groups after surgery (P < 0.05). Also, the TBUT data showed a statistically significant longer time in the NGF group at one month, and three months postoperatively (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis showed the nerve fiber quantity of the NGF group was larger than in the hycosan and NS groups. Taken together, the experimental results suggested that mNGF had an obvious effect on promoting corneal nerve repairing and the potential to improve dry eye in different periods following LASIK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Gong
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Lin
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinmei Wang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liang Hu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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