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Song Y, Liao Y, Liu T, Chen Y, Wang F, Zhou Z, Zhang W, Li J. Microglial repopulation restricts ocular inflammation and choroidal neovascularization in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366841. [PMID: 38711521 PMCID: PMC11070532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent, chronic and progressive retinal degenerative disease characterized by an inflammatory response mediated by activated microglia accumulating in the retina. In this study, we demonstrate the therapeutically effects and the underlying mechanisms of microglial repopulation in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model of exudative AMD. Methods The CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 was used to establish a treatment paradigm for microglial repopulation in the retina. Neovascular leakage and neovascular area were examined by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and immunostaining of whole-mount RPE-choroid-sclera complexes in CNV mice receiving PLX3397. Altered cellular senescence was measured by beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and p16INK4a expression. The effect and mechanisms of repopulated microglia on leukocyte infiltration and the inflammatory response in CNV lesions were analyzed. Results We showed that ten days of the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 treatment followed by 11 days of drug withdrawal was sufficient to stimulate rapid repopulation of the retina with new microglia. Microglial repopulation attenuated pathological choroid neovascularization and dampened cellular senescence in CNV lesions. Repopulating microglia exhibited lower levels of activation markers, enhanced phagocytic function and produced fewer cytokines involved in the immune response, thereby ameliorating leukocyte infiltration and attenuating the inflammatory response in CNV lesions. Discussion The microglial repopulation described herein are therefore a promising strategy for restricting inflammation and choroidal neovascularization, which are important players in the pathophysiology of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinting Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuefeng Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Experimental Ophthalmology, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HongKong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixia Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Targeting immunoproteasome in neurodegeneration: A glance to the future. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108329. [PMID: 36526014 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome is a specialized form of proteasome equipped with modified catalytic subunits that was initially discovered to play a pivotal role in MHC class I antigen processing and immune system modulation. However, over the last years, this proteolytic complex has been uncovered to serve additional functions unrelated to antigen presentation. Accordingly, it has been proposed that immunoproteasome synergizes with canonical proteasome in different cell types of the nervous system, regulating neurotransmission, metabolic pathways and adaptation of the cells to redox or inflammatory insults. Hence, studying the alterations of immunoproteasome expression and activity is gaining research interest to define the dynamics of neuroinflammation as well as the early and late molecular events that are likely involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders. Furthermore, these novel functions foster the perspective of immunoproteasome as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegeneration. In this review, we provide a brain and retina-wide overview, trying to correlate present knowledge on structure-function relationships of immunoproteasome with the variety of observed neuro-modulatory functions.
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Tan W, Xu H, Chen B, Duan T, Liu K, Zou J. Wnt inhibitory 1 ameliorates neovascularization and attenuates photoreceptor injury in an oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model. Biofactors 2022; 48:683-698. [PMID: 35080047 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) associated diseases typically exhibit pathological neovascularization and neurodegeneration. Wnt inhibitor factor 1 (WIF1) is a secreted Wnt antagonist that regulates angiogenesis. However, the significance of WIF1 in RNV associated disease has not been explicitly tested. In our study, we found that the WIF1 expressions were strongly downregulated in the vitreous of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Similarly, retinal WIF1 expression was significantly downregulated in OIR mice, relative to normal mice at P17. After injection of WIF1 overexpression lentivirus into the vitreous of OIR mice, overexpressing WIF1 in OIR mice vitreous strongly reduced avascular areas and neovascular tufts, increased vessel branches, raised a-, b-waves and oscillatory potentials amplitudes on ERG, increased retinal thickness and the number of synapses in retina, normalized the Golgi, mitochondria, and outer segments of photoreceptors. Furthermore, overexpression WIF1 suppressed expressions of β-catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p-AKT and p-ERK, reduced retinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 4-HNE levels, improved autophagic flux, and mitigated apoptosis. In summary, WIF1 plays a key role in alleviating angiogenesis and in improving visual function in OIR mice by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin-VEGF signaling pathway and ROS levels. WIF1 is an excellent candidate for targeted therapy against RNV associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Xiangtan, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huizhuo Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bolin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tianqi Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kangcheng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Tomita Y, Usui-Ouchi A, Nilsson AK, Yang J, Ko M, Hellström A, Fu Z. Metabolism in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111119. [PMID: 34832995 PMCID: PMC8620873 DOI: 10.3390/life11111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity is defined as retinal abnormalities that occur during development as a consequence of disturbed oxygen conditions and nutrient supply after preterm birth. Both neuronal maturation and retinal vascularization are impaired, leading to the compensatory but uncontrolled retinal neovessel growth. Current therapeutic interventions target the hypoxia-induced neovessels but negatively impact retinal neurons and normal vessels. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic disturbance is a significant and underexplored risk factor in the disease pathogenesis. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia correlate with the retinal neurovascular dysfunction in infants born prematurely. Nutritional and hormonal supplementation relieve metabolic stress and improve retinal maturation. Here we focus on the mechanisms through which metabolism is involved in preterm-birth-related retinal disorder from clinical and experimental investigations. We will review and discuss potential therapeutic targets through the restoration of metabolic responses to prevent disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Ayumi Usui-Ouchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan;
| | - Anders K. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 19 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.K.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 19 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.K.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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