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Wu Z, Zang Y, Li C, He Z, Liu J, Du Z, Ma X, Jing L, Duan H, Feng J, Yan X. CD146, a therapeutic target involved in cell plasticity. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2521-x. [PMID: 38613742 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Since its identification as a marker for advanced melanoma in the 1980s, CD146 has been found to have multiple functions in both physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration, tumor progression, fibrosis disease, and inflammations. Subsequent research has revealed that CD146 is involved in various signaling pathways as a receptor or co-receptor in these processes. This correlation between CD146 and multiple diseases has sparked interest in its potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. To better comprehend the versatile roles of CD146, we have summarized its research history and synthesized findings from numerous reports, proposing that cell plasticity serves as the underlying mechanism through which CD146 contributes to development, regeneration, and various diseases. Targeting CD146 would consequently halt cell state shifting during the onset and progression of these related diseases. Therefore, the development of therapy targeting CD146 holds significant practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuzhe Zang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuyi Li
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiheng He
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqi Du
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Jing
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, 451163, China.
| | - Jing Feng
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, 451163, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Zhou Y, Yue S, Li L, Zhang J, Chen L, Chen J. SMPDL3B is palmitoylated and stabilized by ZDHHC5, and its silencing aggravates diabetic retinopathy of db/db mice: Activation of NLRP3/NF-κB pathway. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111064. [PMID: 38266744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal inflammation of vascular endothelial cells occurs frequently in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3B (SMPDL3B) is a lipid raft enzyme and plays an anti-inflammatory role in various diseases but its function in DR-related vascular endothelial dysfunction remains unknown. We first found that SMPDL3B expression was upregulated from week 10 to 18 in the retinal tissues of db/db mice. Particularly, the high expression of SMPDL3B was mainly observed in retinal vascular endothelium of DR mice. To interfere retinal SMPDL3B expression, adeno-associated viruses 2 (AAV-2) containing SMPDL3B specific shRNA (1233-1253 bp) were injected into the vitreous cavity of db/db mice. SMPDL3B silencing exacerbated the spontaneous DR by further activating the NF-κB/NLRP3 pro-inflammatory pathway. In vitro, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRVECs) were infected with SMPDL3B-shRNA lentiviruses and then stimulated with 30 mM glucose (HG) for 24 h. SMPDL3B-silenced HRVECs secreted more interleukin-1β and had enhanced nuclear p65 translocation. Notably, HG treatment induced the palmitoylation of SMPDL3B. Zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 5 (ZDHHC5) is a palmitoyltransferase that catalyzes the palmitoylation of its substrates, HG exposure increased the interaction between ZDHHC5 and SMPDL3B in HRVECs. 2-BP, a palmitoylation inhibitor, accelerated the protein degradation of SMPDL3B, whereas palmostatin B, a depalmitoylation inhibitor, decreased its turnover rate in HRVECs. Collectively, the present study suggests a compensatory increase of SMPDL3B in HG-treated HRVECs and the retinal tissues of DR mice, indicating that SMPDL3B may be a potential target for DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Li
- Eye Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology (Diabetic Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center), The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Hu Q, Zhang X, Peng H, Guan J, Huang Z, Jiang B, Sun D. A New Modulator of Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy: USP25. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-01991-x. [PMID: 38436811 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes-associated complication that poses a threat to vision, distinguished by persistent and mild inflammation of the retinal microvasculature. The activation of microglia plays a crucial role in driving this pathological progression. Previous investigations have demonstrated that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 25 (USP25), a deubiquitinating enzyme, is involved in the regulation of immune cell activity. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which USP25 contributes to the development of DR remain incompletely elucidated. Firstly, we have demonstrated the potential mechanism by which ROCKs can facilitate microglial activation and augment the synthesis of inflammatory mediators through the modulation of NF-κB signaling pathways in a high-glucose milieu. Furthermore, our study has provided novel insights by demonstrating that the regulatory role of USP25 in the secretion of proinflammatory factors is mediated through the involvement of ROCK in modulating the expression of NF-κB and facilitating the nuclear translocation of the phosphatase NF-κB. This regulatory mechanism plays a crucial role in modulating the activation of microglial cells within a high-glycemic environment. Hence, USP25 emerges as a pivotal determinant for the inflammatory activation of microglial cells, and its inhibition exhibits a dual effect of promoting retinal neuron survival while suppressing the inflammatory response in the retina. In conclusion, the promotion of diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression by USP25 is attributed to its facilitation of microglial activation induced by high glucose levels, a process mediated by the ROCK pathway. These findings highlight the importance of considering USP25 as a potential therapeutic target for the management of diabetic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China
- Future Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China
- Future Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongsong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China
- Future Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jitian Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China
- Future Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhangxin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China
- Future Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Dawei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Sorenson CM, Belecky-Adams TL, Sheibani N. Editorial: Ocular fibrosis: molecular and cellular mechanisms and treatment modalities. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 4:1362601. [PMID: 38984111 PMCID: PMC11182198 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1362601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Teri L Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nader Sheibani
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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Biguetti CC, Arteaga A, Chandrashekar BL, Rios E, Margolis R, Rodrigues DC. A Model of Immediate Implant Placement to Evaluate Early Osseointegration in 129/Sv Diabetic Mice. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2023; 38:1200-1210. [PMID: 38085752 PMCID: PMC11181517 DOI: 10.11607/jomi.10335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the process of early oral osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implants in diabetic 129/Sv mice through microCT and histologic and immunohistochemical analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of 30 male 129/Sv mice was equally subdivided into two groups: (1) nondiabetic (ND), in which mice did not undergo systemic alterations and received a standard diet, and (2) diabetic (D), in which mice were provided a high-fat diet from the age of 6 weeks until the conclusion of the study and received two intraperitoneal (IP) injections of streptozotocin (STZ) at a concentration of 100 mg/Kg each. Each mouse underwent extraction of a maxillary first molar, and customized Ti screws (0.50 mm diameter, 1.5 mm length) were placed in the residual alveolar sockets of the palatal roots. At 7 and 21 days after implant placement, the animals were euthanized for maxilla and pancreas collection. Maxillae containing Ti implants were analyzed with microCT, histology, and immunohistochemistry for cells that were positive for F4/80, CD146, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Pancreata were histologically analyzed. Quantitative data were statistically analyzed with a significance level at 5% (P < .05). RESULTS ND mice presented successful healing and osseointegration, with a significantly higher fraction of bone volume compared to D mice, both at the alveolar sockets (53.39 ± 5.93 and 46.08 ± 3.18, respectively) and at the implant sites (68.88 ± 7.07 and 44.40 ± 6.98, respectively) 21 days after implant placement. Histologic evaluation revealed that the ND mice showed a significant decrease in inflammatory infiltrate and a significant increase in newly formed bone matrix at 21 days, whereas peri-implant sites in the D mice were predominantly encapsulated by fibrous tissue and chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemical characterization revealed higher Runx2 osteoblast differentiation and higher cell proliferation activity in the ND mice at 7 days, while higher amounts of macrophages were present in D mice at 7 and 21 days. Interestingly, no differences were found in CD146-positive cells when comparing ND and D mice. CONCLUSIONS This study evaluated the effects of immediate dental implant placement in 129/Sv diabetic mice by using specific healing markers to identify changes in cellular events involved in early oral osseointegration. This approach may serve as tool to evaluate new materials and surface coatings to improve osseointegration in diabetic patients.
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Kaur B, Miglioranza Scavuzzi B, F Abcouwer S, N Zacks D. A simplified protocol to induce hypoxia in a standard incubator: A focus on retinal cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109653. [PMID: 37793495 PMCID: PMC10732591 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia chambers have traditionally been used to induce hypoxia in cell cultures. Cellular responses to hypoxia can also be mimicked with the use of chemicals such as cobalt chloride (CoCl2), which stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor alpha-subunit proteins. In studies of ocular cells using primary cells and cell lines, such as Müller glial cell (MGC) lines, photoreceptor cell lines, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell lines and retinoblastoma cell lines oxygen levels employed in hypoxia chambers range typically between 0.2% and 5% oxygen. For chemical induction of hypoxic response in these cells, the CoCl2 concentrations used typically range from 100 to 600 μM. Here, we describe simplified protocols for stabilizing cellular hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in cell culture using either a hypoxia chamber or CoCl2. In addition, we also provide a detailed methodology to confirm hypoxia induction by the assessment of protein levels of HIF-1α, which accumulates in response to hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we provide a summary of conditions applied in previous studies of ocular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavneet Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Bruna Miglioranza Scavuzzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Steven F Abcouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - David N Zacks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Nawaz MI, Ahmad A, Dillemans L, Siddiquei M, Allegaert E, Gikandi PW, De Hertogh G, Opdenakker G, Struyf S. CD40 Ligand-CD40 Interaction Is an Intermediary between Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15582. [PMID: 37958563 PMCID: PMC10648257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway in inflammation-mediated angiogenesis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We analyzed vitreous fluids and epiretinal fibrovascular membranes from PDR and nondiabetic patients, cultures of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and Müller glial cells and rat retinas with ELISA, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Functional tests included measurement of blood-retinal barrier breakdown, in vitro angiogenesis and assessment of monocyte-HRMEC adherence. CD40L and CD40 levels were significantly increased in PDR vitreous samples. We demonstrated CD40L and CD40 expression in vascular endothelial cells, leukocytes and myofibroblasts in epiretinal membranes. Intravitreal administration of soluble (s)CD40L in normal rats significantly increased retinal vascular permeability and induced significant upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2, VEGF, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). sCD40L induced upregulation of VEGF, MMP-9, MCP-1 and HMGB1 in cultured Müller cells and phospo-ERK1/2, p65 subunit of NF-ĸB, VCAM-1 and VEGF in cultured HRMECS. TNF-α induced significant upregulation of CD40 in HRMECs and Müller cells and VEGF induced significant upregulation of CD40 in HRMECs. sCD40L induced proliferation and migration of HRMECs. We provide experimental evidence supporting the involvement of the CD40L-CD40 pathway and how it regulates inflammatory angiogenesis in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd I. Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Mairaj Siddiquei
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Eef Allegaert
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.A.); (G.D.H.)
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priscilla W. Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.A.); (G.D.H.)
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.D.); (S.S.)
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Geng Z, Tan J, Xu J, Chen Q, Gu P, Dai X, Kuang X, Ji S, Liu T, Li C. ADAMTS5 promotes neovascularization via autophagic degradation of PEDF in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2023; 234:109597. [PMID: 37490993 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) adversely affects visual function. Extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) contribute significantly to the development of PDR. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) is a member of ECM proteins. ADAMTS5 participates in angiogenesis and inflammation in diverse diseases. However, the role of ADAMTS5 in PDR remains elusive. Multiplex beam array technology was used to analyze vitreous humor of PDR patients and normal people. ELISA and Western blot were used to detect the expression of ADAMTS5, PEDF and autophagy related factors. Immunofluorescence assay was used to mark the expression and localization of ADAMTS5 and PEDF. The neovascularization was detected by tube formation test. Our results revealed that ADAMTS5 expression was increased in the vitreous humor of PDR patients and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice retinas. Inhibiting ADAMTS5 alleviated pathological angiogenesis and upregulated PEDF expression in the OIR mice. In addition, ADAMTS5 inhibited PEDF secretion in ARPE-19 cells in vitro studies, thereby inhibiting the migration of HMEC-1. Mechanically, ADAMTS5 promoted the autophagic degradation of PEDF. Collectively, inhibition of ADAMTS5 during OIR suppresses pathological angiogenesis. Our study provides a new approach for resolving pathological angiogenesis in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qifang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peilin Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunjie Kuang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuxing Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chongyi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Liu H, Zhang J, Yan X, An D, Lei H. The Anti-atherosclerosis Mechanism of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Based On Network Pharmacology. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:515-532. [PMID: 37523140 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. (ZCL) on atherosclerosis (AS) using network pharmacology and in vitro validation.We collected the active components of ZCL and predicted their targets in AS. We constructed the protein-protein interaction, compound-target, and target-compound-pathway networks, and performed GO and KEGG analyses. Molecular docking of the active components and key targets was constructed with Autodock and Pymol software. Validation was performed with qRT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot.We obtained 80 components of ZCL. The network analysis identified that 14 components and 37 genes were involved in AS. Then, 10 key nodes in the PPI network were identified as the key targets of ZCL because of their importance in network topology. The binding energy of 8 components (Cynaroside, α-Spinasterol, Linarin, Kaempferide, Acacetin, Genkwanin, Chrysin, and Apiin) to 4 targets (MMP9, TP53, AKT1, SRC) was strong and <-1 kJ/mol. In addition, 13 of the 14 components were flavonoids and thus total flavonoids of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. (ZCF) were used for in vitro validation. We found that ZCF reduced eNOS, P22phox, gp91phox, and PCSK9 at mRNA and protein levels, as well as the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 proteins in vitro (P < 0.05).We successfully predicted the active components, targets, and mechanisms of ZCL in treating AS using network pharmacology. We confirmed that ZCF may play a role in AS by modulating oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response via Cynaroside, Linarin, Kaempferide, Acacetin, Genkwanin, Chrysin, and Apiin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 102488, Beijing, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Famous Prescription and Science of Formulas, 830011, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Famous Prescription and Science of Formulas, 830011, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuehua Yan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 102488, Beijing, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Famous Prescription and Science of Formulas, 830011, Urumqi, China
| | - Dongqing An
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Urumqi, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Famous Prescription and Science of Formulas, 830011, Urumqi, China.
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 102488, Beijing, China.
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Zhou H, Zhao C, Shao R, Xu Y, Zhao W. The functions and regulatory pathways of S100A8/A9 and its receptors in cancers. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187741. [PMID: 37701037 PMCID: PMC10493297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation primarily influences the initiation, progression, and deterioration of many human diseases, and immune cells are the principal forces that modulate the balance of inflammation by generating cytokines and chemokines to maintain physiological homeostasis or accelerate disease development. S100A8/A9, a heterodimer protein mainly generated by neutrophils, triggers many signal transduction pathways to mediate microtubule constitution and pathogen defense, as well as intricate procedures of cancer growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis. Its paired receptors, such as receptor for advanced glycation ends (RAGEs) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), also have roles and effects within tumor cells, mainly involved with mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), NF-κB, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. In the clinical setting, S100A8/A9 and its receptors can be used complementarily as efficient biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes the biological functions of S100A8/A9 and its various receptors in tumor cells, in order to provide new insights and strategies targeting S100A8/A9 to promote novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Donato L, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, Scalinci SZ, Mordà D, Rinaldi C, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. Human retinal secretome: A cross-link between mesenchymal and retinal cells. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:665-686. [PMID: 37545752 PMCID: PMC10401416 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i7.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been considered the most effective source for regenerative medicine, especially due to released soluble paracrine bioactive components and extracellular vesicles. These factors, collectively called the secretome, play crucial roles in immunomodulation and in improving survival and regeneration capabilities of injured tissue. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the secretome released by retinal cytotypes, especially retinal pigment epithelium and Müller glia cells. The latter trophic factors represent the key to preserving morphofunctional integrity of the retina, regulating biological pathways involved in survival, function and responding to injury. Furthermore, these factors can play a pivotal role in onset and progression of retinal diseases after damage of cell secretory function. In this review, we delineated the importance of cross-talk between MSCs and retinal cells, focusing on common/induced secreted factors, during experimental therapy for retinal diseases. The cross-link between the MSC and retinal cell secretomes suggests that the MSC secretome can modulate the retinal cell secretome and vice versa. For example, the MSC secretome can protect retinal cells from degeneration by reducing oxidative stress, autophagy and programmed cell death. Conversely, the retinal cell secretome can influence the MSC secretome by inducing changes in MSC gene expression and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Mordà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo 90139, Italy
| | - Carmela Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
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12
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Differential Expression and Localization of ADAMTS Proteinases in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185977. [PMID: 36144730 PMCID: PMC9506249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the expression of ADAMTS proteinases ADAMTS-1, -2, -4, -5 and -13; their activating enzyme MMP-15; and the degradation products of proteoglycan substrates versican and biglycan in an ocular microenvironment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients. Vitreous samples from PDR and nondiabetic patients, epiretinal fibrovascular membranes from PDR patients, rat retinas, retinal Müller glial cells and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were studied. The levels of ADAMTS proteinases and MMP-15 were increased in the vitreous from PDR patients. Both full-length and cleaved activation/degradation fragments of ADAMTS proteinases were identified. The amounts of versican and biglycan cleavage products were increased in vitreous from PDR patients. ADAMTS proteinases and MMP-15 were localized in endothelial cells, monocytes/macrophages and myofibroblasts in PDR membranes, and ADAMTS-4 was expressed in the highest number of stromal cells. The angiogenic activity of PDR membranes correlated significantly with levels of ADAMTS-1 and -4 cellular expression. ADAMTS proteinases and MMP-15 were expressed in rat retinas. ADAMTS-1 and -5 and MMP-15 levels were increased in diabetic rat retinas. HRMECs and Müller cells constitutively expressed ADAMTS proteinases but not MMP-15. The inhibition of NF-κB significantly attenuated the TNF-α-and-VEGF-induced upregulation of ADAMTS-1 and -4 in a culture medium of HRMECs and Müller cells. In conclusion, ADAMTS proteinases, MMP-15 and versican and biglycan cleavage products were increased in the ocular microenvironment of patients with PDR.
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Nawaz MI, Ahmad A, Siddiquei MM, Allegaert E, Gikandi PW, De Hertogh G, Opdenakker G. Proprotein convertase furin is a driver and potential therapeutic target in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 50:632-652. [PMID: 35322530 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Furin converts inactive proproteins into bioactive forms. By activating proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors, furin might play a role in pathophysiology of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS We studied vitreous samples from PDR and nondiabetic patients, epiretinal membranes from PDR patients, retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), retinal Müller cells and rat retinas by ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy. We performed in vitro angiogenesis assays and assessed adherence of monocytes to HRMECs. RESULTS Furin levels were significantly increased in PDR vitreous samples. In epiretinal membranes, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed furin expression in monocytes/macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Furin was significantly upregulated in diabetic rat retinas. Hypoxia and TNF-α induced significant upregulation of furin in Müller cells and HRMECs. Furin induced upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2, p65 subunit of NF-κB, ADAM17 and MCP-1 in cultured Müller cells and phospho-ERK1/2 in cultured HRMECs and induced HRMECs migration. Treatment of monocytes with furin significantly increased their adhesion to HRMECs. Intravitreal administration of furin in normal rats induced significant upregulation of p65 subunit of NF-κB, phospho-ERK1/2 and ICAM-1 in the retina. Inhibition of furin with dec-CMK significantly decreased levels of MCP-1 in culture medium of Müller cells and HRMECs and significantly attenuated TNF-α-induced upregulation of p65 subunit of NF-κB, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HRMECs. Dec-CMK significantly decreased adherence of monocytes to HRMECs and TNF-α-induced upregulation of adherence of monocytes to HRMECs. Treatment of HRMECs with dec-CMK significantly attenuated migration of HRMECs. CONCLUSIONS Furin is a potential driver molecule of PDR-associated inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd I Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M Siddiquei
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eef Allegaert
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priscilla W Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.,Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Chen Y, Xia Q, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Regulations of Retinal Inflammation: Focusing on Müller Glia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898652. [PMID: 35573676 PMCID: PMC9091449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal inflammation underlies multiple prevalent retinal diseases. While microglia are one of the most studied cell types regarding retinal inflammation, growing evidence shows that Müller glia play critical roles in the regulation of retinal inflammation. Müller glia express various receptors for cytokines and release cytokines to regulate inflammation. Müller glia are part of the blood-retinal barrier and interact with microglia in the inflammatory responses. The unique metabolic features of Müller glia in the retina makes them vital for retinal homeostasis maintenance, regulating retinal inflammation by lipid metabolism, purine metabolism, iron metabolism, trophic factors, and antioxidants. miRNAs in Müller glia regulate inflammatory responses via different mechanisms and potentially regulate retinal regeneration. Novel therapies are explored targeting Müller glia for inflammatory retinal diseases treatment. Here we review new findings regarding the roles of Müller glia in retinal inflammation and discuss the related novel therapies for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Xia
- Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Meixia Zhang,
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Ahmad A, Nawaz MI, Siddiquei MM, De Zutter A, Vanbrabant L, Gikandi PW, Opdenakker G, Struyf S. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Ameliorates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Inflammation. Front Physiol 2022; 12:807747. [PMID: 35082694 PMCID: PMC8784736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.807747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Endogenous tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) has powerful regulatory effects on inflammation and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of TIMP-3 in regulating inflammation in the diabetic retina. Methods: Vitreous samples from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and non-diabetic patients were subjected to Western blot analysis. Streptozotocin-treated rats were used as a preclinical diabetic retinopathy (DR) model. Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown was assessed with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran. Rat retinas, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and human retinal Müller glial cells were studied by Western blot analysis and ELISA. Adherence of human monocytes to HRMECs was assessed and in vitro angiogenesis assays were performed. Results: Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in vitreous samples was largely glycosylated. Intravitreal injection of TIMP-3 attenuated diabetes-induced BRB breakdown. This effect was associated with downregulation of diabetes-induced upregulation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whereas phospho-ERK1/2 levels were not altered. In Müller cell cultures, TIMP-3 significantly attenuated VEGF upregulation induced by high-glucose (HG), the hypoxia mimetic agent cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and TNF-α and attenuated MCP-1 upregulation induced by CoCl2 and TNF-α, but not by HG. TIMP-3 attenuated HG-induced upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2, caspase-3 and the mature form of ADAM17, but not the levels of the p65 subunit of NF-κB and the proform of ADAM17 in Müller cells. TIMP-3 significantly downregulated TNF-α-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HRMECs. Accordingly, TIMP-3 significantly decreased spontaneous and TNF-α- and VEGF-induced adherence of monocytes to HRMECs. Finally, TIMP-3 significantly attenuated VEGF-induced migration, chemotaxis and proliferation of HRMECs. Conclusion:In vitro and in vivo data point to anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of TIMP-3 and support further studies for its applications in the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alexandra De Zutter
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priscilla W Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, and University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111748. [PMID: 34769176 PMCID: PMC8584003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular fibrosis leads to severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide, being a major area of unmet need in ophthalmology and medicine. To date, the only available treatments are antimetabolite drugs that have significant potentially blinding side effects, such as tissue damage and infection. There is thus an urgent need to identify novel targets to prevent/treat scarring and postsurgical fibrosis in the eye. In this review, the latest progress in biological mechanisms underlying ocular fibrosis are discussed. We also summarize the current knowledge on preclinical studies based on viral and non-viral gene therapy, as well as chemical inhibitors, for targeting TGFβ or downstream effectors in fibrotic disorders of the eye. Moreover, the role of angiogenetic and biomechanical factors in ocular fibrosis is discussed, focusing on related preclinical treatment approaches. Moreover, we describe available evidence on clinical studies investigating the use of therapies targeting TGFβ-dependent pathways, angiogenetic factors, and biomechanical factors, alone or in combination with other strategies, in ocular tissue fibrosis. Finally, the recent progress in cell-based therapies for treating fibrotic eye disorders is discussed. The increasing knowledge of these disorders in the eye and the promising results from testing of novel targeted therapies could offer viable perspectives for translation into clinical use.
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17
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Lefevere E, Van Hove I, Sergeys J, Steel DHW, Schlingemann R, Moons L, Klaassen I. PDGF as an Important Initiator for Neurite Outgrowth Associated with Fibrovascular Membranes in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:277-286. [PMID: 34612091 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1966479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The formation of fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) is a serious sight-threatening complication of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) that may result in retinal detachment and eventual blindness. During the formation of these membranes, neurite/process outgrowth occurs in retinal neurons and glial cells, which may both serve as a scaffold and have guiding or regulatory roles. To further understand this process, we investigated whether previously identified candidate proteins, from vitreous of PDR patients with FVMs, could induce neurite outgrowth in an experimental setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retinal explants of C57BL6/N mouse pups on postnatal day 3 (P3) were cultured in poly-L-lysine- and laminin-coated dishes. Outgrowth stimulation experiments were performed with the addition of potential inducers of neurite outgrowth. Automated analysis of neurite outgrowth was performed by measuring β-tubulin-immunopositive neurites using Image J. Expression of PDGF receptors was quantified by RT-PCR in FVMs of PDR patients. RESULTS Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced neurite outgrowth in a concentration-dependent manner, whilst neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) did not. When comparing three different PDGF dimers, treatment with PDGF-AB resulted in the highest neurite induction, followed by PDGF-AA and -BB. In addition, incubation of retinal explants with vitreous from PDR patients resulted in a significant induction of neurite outgrowth as compared to non-diabetic control vitreous from patients with macular holes, which could be prevented by addition of CP673451, a potent PDGF receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor. Abundant expression of PDGF receptors was detected in FVMs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PDGF may be involved in the retinal neurite outgrowth, which is associated with the formation of FVMs in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Lefevere
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Van Hove
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Sergeys
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David H W Steel
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, UK
| | - Reinier Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lieve Moons
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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