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Rahimi M, Hossain F, Leahy S, Blair NP, Jiang X, Shahidi M. Inner retinal oxygen delivery and metabolism in progressive stages of diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4414. [PMID: 38388657 PMCID: PMC10883954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported increased retinal venous oxygen saturation and decreased retinal blood flow and oxygen metabolism in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). The current study aimed to determine alterations in both inner retinal oxygen delivery (DO2) and metabolism (MO2) in proliferative DR (PDR) as well as at stages of NPDR. A total of 123 subjects participated in the study and were categorized into five groups: non-diabetic control (N = 32), diabetic with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR, N = 34), mild NPDR (N = 31), moderate to severe NPDR (N = 17), or PDR (N = 9). Multi-modal imaging was performed to measure oxygen saturation and blood flow, which were used for derivation of DO2 and MO2. There were significant associations of groups with DO2 and MO2. DO2 was lower in PDR and not significantly different in NDR and NPDR stages as compared to the non-diabetic control group. MO2 was decreased in PDR and moderate to severe NPDR as compared to the control group, and not significantly reduced in NDR and mild NPDR. The findings demonstrate reductions in both DO2 and MO2 in PDR and MO2 in moderate to severe NPDR, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for monitoring progression and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Rahimi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farzana Hossain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Leahy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norman P Blair
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xuejuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mahnaz Shahidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Linsenmeier RA, Dmitriev AV, Dmitriev AA. Oxygen profiles and oxygen consumption in the isolated mouse retina. Exp Eye Res 2023; 233:109554. [PMID: 37437835 PMCID: PMC10528762 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The retina has a large demand for oxygen, but there is only limited information on differences between oxygen utilization (QO2) in the inner and outer retina, and limited data on mouse, which has become a prevalent animal model. This study utilized the isolated mouse retina, which allowed more detailed spatial analysis of QO2 than other methods. Oxygen sensitive microelectrodes were used to obtain profiles of oxygen tension across the isolated mouse retina, and mathematical models of retinal oxygen diffusion with four and five layers were fitted to the data to obtain values for QO2 of the outer retina (QOR) and inner retina (QIR). The boundaries between layers were free parameters in these models. The five-layer model resulted in lower error between the model and data, and agreed better with known anatomy. The three layers for the outer retina occupied half of the retina, as in prior work on rat, cat, and monkey, and the inner half of the retina could be divided into two layers, in which the one closer to the vitreous (layer 5) had much lower QO2 than the more distal inner retina (layer 4). QIR in darkness was 3.9 ml O2-100 g-1-min-1, similar to the value for intact cat retina, and did not change during light. QOR in darkness was 2.4 ml O2-100 g-1-min-1, lower than previous values in cat and rat, possibly because of damage to photoreceptors during isolation. There was a tendency for QOR to be lower in light, but it was not significant in this preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Linsenmeier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Andrey V Dmitriev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
| | - Alexander A Dmitriev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
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McAnany JJ, Park JC. Rod photoreceptor activation and deactivation in early-stage diabetic eye disease. Doc Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10633-023-09925-y. [PMID: 36763216 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-023-09925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To infer rod phototransduction activation and deactivation characteristics in diabetics who have mild or no clinically-apparent retinopathy. METHODS Fifteen non-diabetic controls, 15 diabetics with no clinically-apparent diabetic retinopathy (NDR), and 15 diabetics with mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (MDR) participated. Dark-adapted flash electroretinograms (3.2 to 4.4 log scot td-s) were recorded to assess rod activation. The a-waves were fit with a Gaussian model to derive Rmp3 (maximum photoreceptor response amplitude) and S (phototransduction sensitivity). Rod deactivation was assessed with a paired flash paradigm, in which a-waves were measured for two flashes separated by inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) of 0.125 to 16 s. The ISI needed for the a-wave amplitude of the second flash to recover to 50% of the first flash (t50) was determined. The effect of stimulus retinal illuminance on activation and deactivation was evaluated in a subset of control subjects. RESULTS Analysis of variance indicated that both diabetic groups had significant log S reductions compared to controls (p < 0.001). Mean S was reduced by approximately 49% and 78% for the NDR and MDR groups, respectively. In contrast, log Rmp3 and log t50 did not differ significantly among the groups (both p > 0.08). Reducing stimulus retinal illuminance significantly reduced S, but did not significantly affect Rmax or t50. CONCLUSIONS Only phototransduction sensitivity was abnormal in this sample of diabetic subjects. The normal deactivation kinetics suggests that circulating rod current is normal. These findings begin to constrain possible explanations for abnormal rod function in early diabetic retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jason McAnany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., MC/648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan St., Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Jason C Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., MC/648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Feng X, Jin Z, Zhou Z, Gao M, Jiang C, Hu Y, Lu Y, Li J, Ren Q, Zhou C. Retinal oxygen kinetics imaging and analysis (ROKIA) based on the integration and fusion of structural-functional imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5400-5417. [PMID: 36425629 PMCID: PMC9664891 DOI: 10.1364/boe.465991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The retina is one of the most metabolically active tissues in the body. The dysfunction of oxygen kinetics in the retina is closely related to the disease and has important clinical value. Dynamic imaging and comprehensive analyses of oxygen kinetics in the retina depend on the fusion of structural and functional imaging and high spatiotemporal resolution. But it's currently not clinically available, particularly via a single imaging device. Therefore, this work aims to develop a retinal oxygen kinetics imaging and analysis (ROKIA) technology by integrating dual-wavelength imaging with laser speckle contrast imaging modalities, which achieves structural and functional analysis with high spatial resolution and dynamic measurement, taking both external and lumen vessel diameters into account. The ROKIA systematically evaluated eight vascular metrics, four blood flow metrics, and fifteen oxygenation metrics. The single device scheme overcomes the incompatibility of optical design, harmonizes the field of view and resolution of different modalities, and reduces the difficulty of registration and image processing algorithms. More importantly, many of the metrics (such as oxygen delivery, oxygen metabolism, vessel wall thickness, etc.) derived from the fusion of structural and functional information, are unique to ROKIA. The oxygen kinetic analysis technology proposed in this paper, to our knowledge, is the first demonstration of the vascular metrics, blood flow metrics, and oxygenation metrics via a single system, which will potentially become a powerful tool for disease diagnosis and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Future Technology, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 5181071,
China
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,
Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Medical
Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zi Jin
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 5181071,
China
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,
Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zixia Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology,
Peking University Shenzhen Hospital,
Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Mengdi Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Future Technology, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 5181071,
China
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,
Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Medical
Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunxia Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology,
Peking University Shenzhen Hospital,
Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Yicheng Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Future Technology, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 5181071,
China
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,
Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Medical
Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanye Lu
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,
Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Medical
Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology,
Peking University Shenzhen Hospital,
Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Future Technology, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 5181071,
China
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,
Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Medical
Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanqing Zhou
- College of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
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