1
|
Law VK, Lam AK. Effect of caffeine on superficial retinal vasculature of the macula in high myopes using optical coherence tomography angiography - A pilot study. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2022; 15:210-218. [PMID: 35637106 PMCID: PMC9237592 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To monitor effect of caffeine on vasculature of the inner retina of high myopes METHODS: This was a crossover, self-control, randomized trial. Healthy young high myopes were recruited to take 200 mg of caffeine capsule and placebo capsule, randomly assigned in two visits separated by at least one week. Superficial retinal vasculature in terms of vessel length density (VD) and perfusion area density (PD) was captured and monitored using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) machine. After baseline measurements, blood pressure (BP), intraocular pressure (IOP), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT) were also monitored at 30-min intervals till 3 h. RESULTS Eighteen subjects (6 male, 24.3 ± 3.1 years) completed the study. After taking the caffeine capsule, there was a significant increase in BP (p < 0.01), and reduction in ChT (p < 0.01), with no change in IOP (p = 0.36). VD demonstrated a trend of reduction at the central 1-mm circle, and 1-3 mm annulus (p < 0.01) following the ETDRS grid. Reduction trend of PD appeared at the central 1-mm circle, 1-3 mm annulus, and the entire 3-mm circle (p < 0.01). Compared with baseline, VD and PD reductions were significant 180 min after taking the caffeine capsule at the central 1-mm circle, but the reduction was small (VD: by 1mm-1; PD: by 1%). Changes in other regions were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The current study found significant reduction in VD and PD after taking 200 mg of caffeine capsule. Such a small amount of alteration may be clinically irrelevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Km Law
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew Kc Lam
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng X, Liu K, Zhu T, Guo D, Yin X, Yao L, Ding Z, Ye J, Li P. Dynamic inverse SNR-decorrelation OCT angiography with GPU acceleration. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3615-3628. [PMID: 35781971 PMCID: PMC9208597 DOI: 10.1364/boe.459632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic OCT angiography (OCTA) is an attractive approach for monitoring stimulus-evoked hemodynamics; however, a 4D (3D space and time) dataset requires a long acquisition time and has a large data size, thereby posing a great challenge to data processing. This study proposed a GPU-based real-time data processing pipeline for dynamic inverse SNR-decorrelation OCTA (ID-OCTA), offering a measured line-process rate of 133 kHz for displaying OCT and OCTA cross-sections in real time. Real-time processing enabled automatic optimization of angiogram quality, which improved the vessel SNR, contrast-to-noise ratio, and connectivity by 14.37, 14.08, and 9.76%, respectively. Furthermore, motion-contrast 4D angiographic imaging of stimulus-evoked hemodynamics was achieved within a single trail in the mouse retina. Consequently, a flicker light stimulus evoked an apparent dilation of the retinal arterioles and venules and an elevation of the decorrelation value in the retinal plexuses. Therefore, GPU ID-OCTA enables real-time and high-quality angiographic imaging and is particularly suitable for hemodynamic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical
Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027,
China
- These authors contributed equally to this
work
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical
Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027,
China
- These authors contributed equally to this
work
| | - Tiepei Zhu
- Eye center of the Second Affiliated
Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Dayou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical
Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027,
China
| | - Xiaoting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical
Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027,
China
| | - Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical
Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027,
China
| | - Zhihua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical
Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027,
China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye center of the Second Affiliated
Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical
Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027,
China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of
Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing
314000, China
- Intelligent Optics &
Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang
University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bradley LJ, Ward A, Hsue MCY, Liu J, Copland DA, Dick AD, Nicholson LB. Quantitative Assessment of Experimental Ocular Inflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630022. [PMID: 34220797 PMCID: PMC8250853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular inflammation imposes a high medical burden on patients and substantial costs on the health-care systems that mange these often chronic and debilitating diseases. Many clinical phenotypes are recognized and classifying the severity of inflammation in an eye with uveitis is an ongoing challenge. With the widespread application of optical coherence tomography in the clinic has come the impetus for more robust methods to compare disease between different patients and different treatment centers. Models can recapitulate many of the features seen in the clinic, but until recently the quality of imaging available has lagged that applied in humans. In the model experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), we highlight three linked clinical states that produce retinal vulnerability to inflammation, all different from healthy tissue, but distinct from each other. Deploying longitudinal, multimodal imaging approaches can be coupled to analysis in the tissue of changes in architecture, cell content and function. This can enrich our understanding of pathology, increase the sensitivity with which the impacts of therapeutic interventions are assessed and address questions of tissue regeneration and repair. Modern image processing, including the application of artificial intelligence, in the context of such models of disease can lay a foundation for new approaches to monitoring tissue health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J Bradley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Ward
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine C Y Hsue
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Liu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David A Copland
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Dick
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B Nicholson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jung JJ, Soh YQ, Sha P, Yu S, Durbin MK, Hoang QV. Effects of Induced Astigmatism on Spectral Domain-OCT Angiography Quantitative Metrics. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 219:49-58. [PMID: 32681911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effect of induced astigmatism on en-face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography quantitative metrics. DESIGN Prospective crossover study. METHODS Normal eyes without astigmatism and with 0.75, 1.75, and 2.75 diopters (D) of with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism were imaged using a 3 × 3-mm scan pattern SD-OCTA CIRRUS 5000 HD-OCT with AngioPlex (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA). Quantitative parameters, including foveal avascular zone metrics, parafoveal vessel length density (VD), and perfusion density (PD) were corrected for magnification secondary to axial length and analyzed. Univariate linear regressions were performed within each eye to correlate quantitative metrics to the level of an induced astigmatic cylinder. RESULTS Fifteen eyes from 15 patients were imaged. Every 1-D increase in induced WTR astigmatism was associated with a statistically significant decrease in VD and PD within all Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study inner ring quadrants; however, especially more so nasally (VD: 0.63; P < .001; PD: 0.0089; P = .001). For every 1-D increase in induced astigmatism, the resulting decrease in the inner ring superior quadrant was 12% greater for VD and 16% greater for PD versus that in the inferior quadrant. The resulting decrease in the inner ring nasal quadrant was 40% greater for VD and 48% greater for PD versus that in the temporal quadrant. CONCLUSIONS Increasing levels of induced WTR astigmatism correlated with globally diminishing VD and PD, was more symmetrical for vertical than horizontal quadrants, and was most pronounced nasally. This may be due to a high prevalence of horizontally oriented vessels nasally and the horizontal optical defocus induced by WTR astigmatism.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lo J, Heisler M, Vanzan V, Karst S, Matovinović IZ, Lončarić S, Navajas EV, Beg MF, Šarunić MV. Microvasculature Segmentation and Intercapillary Area Quantification of the Deep Vascular Complex Using Transfer Learning. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:38. [PMID: 32855842 PMCID: PMC7424950 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) permits visualization of the changes to the retinal circulation due to diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes. We demonstrate accurate segmentation of the vascular morphology for the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep vascular complex (DVC) using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for quantitative analysis. Methods The main CNN training dataset consisted of retinal OCT-A with a 6 × 6-mm field of view (FOV), acquired using a Zeiss PlexElite. Multiple-volume acquisition and averaging enhanced the vasculature contrast used for constructing the ground truth for neural network training. We used transfer learning from a CNN trained on smaller FOVs of the SCP acquired using different OCT instruments. Quantitative analysis of perfusion was performed on the resulting automated vasculature segmentations in representative patients with DR. Results The automated segmentations of the OCT-A images maintained the distinct morphologies of the SCP and DVC. The network segmented the SCP with an accuracy and Dice index of 0.8599 and 0.8618, respectively, and 0.7986 and 0.8139, respectively, for the DVC. The inter-rater comparisons for the SCP had an accuracy and Dice index of 0.8300 and 0.6700, respectively, and 0.6874 and 0.7416, respectively, for the DVC. Conclusions Transfer learning reduces the amount of manually annotated images required while producing high-quality automatic segmentations of the SCP and DVC that exceed inter-rater comparisons. The resulting intercapillary area quantification provides a tool for in-depth clinical analysis of retinal perfusion. Translational Relevance Accurate retinal microvasculature segmentation with the CNN results in improved perfusion analysis in diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lo
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Morgan Heisler
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Vinicius Vanzan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonja Karst
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sven Lončarić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eduardo V Navajas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mirza Faisal Beg
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Marinko V Šarunić
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu Q, Xing X, Wang M, Zhu M, Ma L, Yuan Y, Song E. Characterization of the Three Distinct Retinal Capillary Plexuses Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Myopic Eyes. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:8. [PMID: 32818096 PMCID: PMC7396166 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To segment and quantify three distinct retinal capillary plexuses using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in myopic eyes. Methods We analyzed 96 eyes from 62 subjects with myopia (27.76 ± 7.05 years of age) and evaluated 30 normal eyes from 15 subjects (28.33 ± 3.13 years of age) for controls. En face OCTA images generated by AngioPlex (Carl Zeiss; Oberkochen, Germany) were manually segmented by the progressive matching method into superficial, middle, and deep capillary plexuses (SCPs, MCPs, and DCPs, respectively). Estimated positions for each plexus relative to the reference line were calculated. After strict artifact removal and magnification correction, vessel density (VD) and skeleton density (SD) analyses were performed on each capillary plexus. Results Myopic eyes were divided into three groups according to their degree of myopia. We defined the relative estimated positions of the MCP outer boundary to the retinal pigment epithelium fit layer as MCP = –89.317 – 0.178 (central retinal thickness) – 0.580 (ganglion cell inner plexiform thickness); the DCP outer boundary was 38.48 ± 6.24 µm below the inner plexiform layer. VDs were significantly higher in the super-high myopia group than in the control and moderate myopia groups for the DCP (all P < 0.05). SDs in the SCPs were significantly lower in the high myopia and super-high myopia groups than in the control groups (all P < 0.001). Conclusions With progressive matching, we segmented three capillary plexuses and defined the relative estimated positions of each capillary plexus to the reference line in myopic eyes. The VD of the DCP increased for more myopic eyes. Translational Relevance Our study provides a visual method for OCTA image vascular segmentation for myopic eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujian Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lie Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - You Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - E Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|