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Lee J, Lee BK, Gross JM. Brd activity regulates Müller glia-dependent retinal regeneration in zebrafish. Glia 2023; 71:2866-2883. [PMID: 37584502 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish retina possesses tremendous regenerative potential. Müller glia underlie retinal regeneration through their ability to reprogram and generate multipotent neuronal progenitors that re-differentiate into lost neurons. Many factors required for Müller glia reprogramming and proliferation have been identified; however, we know little about the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of these genes during regeneration. Here, we determined whether transcriptional regulation by members of the Bromodomain (Brd) family is required for Müller glia-dependent retinal regeneration. Our data demonstrate that three brd genes were expressed in Müller glia upon injury. brd2a and brd2b were expressed in all Müller glia and brd4 was expressed only in reprogramming Müller glia. Utilizing (+)-JQ1, a pharmacological inhibitor of Brd function, we demonstrate that transcriptional regulation by Brds plays a critical role in Müller glia reprogramming and regeneration. (+)-JQ1 treatment prevented cell cycle re-entry of Müller glia and the generation of neurogenic progenitors. Modulating the (+)-JQ1 exposure window, we identified the first 48 h post-injury as the time-period during which Müller glia reprogramming occurs. (+)-JQ1 treatments after 48 h post-injury had no effect on the re-differentiation of UV cones, indicating that Brd function is required only for Müller glia reprogramming and not subsequent specification/differentiation events. Brd inhibition also prevented the expression of reprogramming genes like ascl1a and lepb in Müller glia, but not effector genes like mmp9, nor did it affect microglial recruitment after injury. These results demonstrate that transcriptional regulation by Brds plays a critical role during Müller glia-dependent retinal regeneration in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Lee
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gross
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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2
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Lichtenegger A, Baumann B, Yasuno Y. Optical Coherence Tomography Is a Promising Tool for Zebrafish-Based Research-A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 10:5. [PMID: 36671577 PMCID: PMC9854701 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is an established vertebrae model in the field of biomedical research. With its small size, rapid maturation time and semi-transparency at early development stages, it has proven to be an important animal model, especially for high-throughput studies. Three-dimensional, high-resolution, non-destructive and label-free imaging techniques are perfectly suited to investigate these animals over various development stages. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometric-based optical imaging technique that has revolutionized the diagnostic possibilities in the field of ophthalmology and has proven to be a powerful tool for many microscopic applications. Recently, OCT found its way into state-of-the-art zebrafish-based research. This review article gives an overview and a discussion of the relevant literature and an outlook for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lichtenegger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
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Hammer J, Röppenack P, Yousuf S, Schnabel C, Weber A, Zöller D, Koch E, Hans S, Brand M. Visual Function is Gradually Restored During Retina Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:831322. [PMID: 35178408 PMCID: PMC8844564 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.831322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In comparison to mammals, zebrafish are able to regenerate many organs and tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). Within the CNS-derived neural retina, light lesions result in a loss of photoreceptors and the subsequent activation of Müller glia, the retinal stem cells. Müller glia-derived progenitors differentiate and eventually restore the anatomical tissue architecture within 4 weeks. However, little is known about how light lesions impair vision functionally, as well as how and to what extent visual function is restored during the course of regeneration, in particular in adult animals. Here, we applied quantitative behavioral assays to assess restoration of visual function during homeostasis and regeneration in adult zebrafish. We developed a novel vision-dependent social preference test, and show that vision is massively impaired early after lesion, but is restored to pre-lesion levels within 7 days after lesion. Furthermore, we employed a quantitative optokinetic response assay with different degrees of difficulty, similar to vision tests in humans. We found that vision for easy conditions with high contrast and low level of detail, as well as color vision, was restored around 7–10 days post lesion. Vision under more demanding conditions, with low contrast and high level of detail, was regained only later from 14 days post lesion onwards. Taken together, we conclude that vision based on contrast sensitivity, spatial resolution and the perception of colors is restored after light lesion in adult zebrafish in a gradual manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hammer
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Röppenack
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Yousuf
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Schnabel
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Weber
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Zöller
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Barter KR, Paradis H, Gendron RL, Vidal JAL, Meruvia-Pastor O. Novel segmentation algorithm for high-throughput analysis of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography imaging of teleost retinas. Mol Vis 2022; 28:492-499. [PMID: 37089699 PMCID: PMC10115363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has become an essential tool for assessing ocular tissues in live subjects and conducting research on ocular development, health, and disease. The processing of SD-OCT images, particularly those from non-mammalian species, is a labor-intensive manual process due to a lack of automated analytical programs. This paper describes the development and implementation of a novel computer algorithm for the quantitative analysis of SD-OCT images of live teleost eyes. Automated segmentation processing of SD-OCT images of retinal layers was developed using a novel algorithm based on thresholding. The algorithm measures retinal thickness characteristics in a large volume of imaging data of teleost ocular structures in a short time, providing increased accuracy and repeatability of SD-OCT image analysis over manual measurements. The algorithm also generates hundreds of retinal thickness measurements per image for a large number of images for a given dataset. Meanwhile, heat mapping software that plots SD-OCT image measurements as a color gradient was also created. This software directly converts the measurements of each processed image to represent changes in thickness across the whole retinal scan. It also enables 2D and 3D visualization of retinal thickness across the scan, facilitating specimen comparison and localization of areas of interest. The study findings showed that the novel algorithm is more accurate, reliable, and repeatable than manual SD-OCT analysis. The adaptability of the algorithm makes it potentially suitable for analyzing SD-OCT scans of other non-mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent R Barter
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University, St. John's, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada
| | - Hélène Paradis
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada
| | - Robert L Gendron
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada
| | - Josué A Lily Vidal
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 0M7, Canada
| | - Oscar Meruvia-Pastor
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University, St. John's, A1B 3X5, NL, Canada
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Chen W, Tsissios G, Sallese A, Smucker B, Nguyen AT, Chen J, Wang H, Del Rio-Tsonis K. In Vivo Imaging of Newt Lens Regeneration: Novel Insights Into the Regeneration Process. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 34383878 PMCID: PMC8362625 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.10.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an in vivo imaging modality for investigating the process of newt lens regeneration. Methods Spectral-domain OCT was employed for in vivo imaging of the newt lens regeneration process. A total of 37 newts were lentectomized and followed by OCT imaging over the course of 60 to 80 days. Histological images were obtained at several time points to compare with the corresponding OCT images. Volume measurements were also acquired. Results OCT can identify the key features observed in corresponding histological images based on the scattering differences from various eye tissues, such as the cornea, intact and regenerated lens, and the iris. Lens volume measurements from three-dimensional OCT images showed that the regenerating lens size increased linearly until 60 days post-lentectomy. Conclusions Using OCT imaging, we were able to track the entire process of newt lens regeneration in vivo for the first time. Three-dimensional OCT images allowed us to volumetrically quantify and visualize the dynamic spatial relationships between tissues during the regeneration process. Our results establish OCT as anin vivo imaging modality to track/analyze the entire lens regeneration process from the same animal. Translational Relevance Lens regeneration in newts represents a unique example of vertebrate tissue plasticity. Investigating the cellular and morphological events that govern this extraordinary process in vivo will advance our understanding and shed light on developing new therapies to treat blinding disorders in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Chen
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Georgios Tsissios
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Sallese
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Byran Smucker
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Anh-Thu Nguyen
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Junfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford OH, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Katia Del Rio-Tsonis
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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Zou S, Hu B. In vivo imaging reveals mature Oligodendrocyte division in adult Zebrafish. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:16. [PMID: 34075520 PMCID: PMC8169745 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whether mature oligodendrocytes (mOLs) participate in remyelination has been disputed for several decades. Recently, some studies have shown that mOLs participate in remyelination by producing new sheaths. However, whether mOLs can produce new oligodendrocytes by asymmetric division has not been proven. Zebrafish is a perfect model to research remyelination compared to other species. In this study, optic nerve crushing did not induce local mOLs death. After optic nerve transplantation from olig2:eGFP fish to AB/WT fish, olig2+ cells from the donor settled and rewrapped axons in the recipient. After identifying these rewrapping olig2+ cells as mOLs at 3 months posttransplantation, in vivo imaging showed that olig2+ cells proliferated. Additionally, in vivo imaging of new olig2+ cell division from mOLs was also captured within the retina. Finally, fine visual function was renewed after the remyelination program was completed. In conclusion, our in vivo imaging results showed that new olig2+ cells were born from mOLs by asymmetric division in adult zebrafish, which highlights the role of mOLs in the progression of remyelination in the mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqi Zou
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
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