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Sharrow AC, Megill E, Chen AJ, Farooqi A, McGonigal S, Hempel N, Snyder NW, Buckanovich RJ, Aird KM. Acetate drives ovarian cancer quiescence via ACSS2-mediated acetyl-CoA production. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.12.603313. [PMID: 39026889 PMCID: PMC11257583 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.603313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Quiescence is a reversible cell cycle exit traditionally thought to be associated with a metabolically inactive state. Recent work in muscle cells indicates that metabolic reprogramming is associated with quiescence. Whether metabolic changes occur in cancer to drive quiescence is unclear. Using a multi-omics approach, we found that the metabolic enzyme ACSS2, which converts acetate into acetyl-CoA, is both highly upregulated in quiescent ovarian cancer cells and required for their survival. Indeed, quiescent ovarian cancer cells have increased levels of acetate-derived acetyl-CoA, confirming increased ACSS2 activity in these cells. Furthermore, either inducing ACSS2 expression or supplementing cells with acetate was sufficient to induce a reversible quiescent cell cycle exit. RNA-Seq of acetate treated cells confirmed negative enrichment in multiple cell cycle pathways as well as enrichment of genes in a published G0 gene signature. Finally, analysis of patient data showed that ACSS2 expression is upregulated in tumor cells from ascites, which are thought to be more quiescent, compared to matched primary tumors. Additionally, high ACSS2 expression is associated with platinum resistance and worse outcomes. Together, this study points to a previously unrecognized ACSS2-mediated metabolic reprogramming that drives quiescence in ovarian cancer. As chemotherapies to treat ovarian cancer, such as platinum, have increased efficacy in highly proliferative cells, our data give rise to the intriguing question that metabolically-driven quiescence may affect therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C. Sharrow
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Emily Megill
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanda J. Chen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Afifa Farooqi
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Nadine Hempel
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ronald J. Buckanovich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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2
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Ji L, Liu Y, Wang Z, Huang Q, Cai J, Gu H, Li J, Chen X, Feng C, He X, Deng X, Cheng X, Kong X, Zhu X, Wu T, Yang B, Lin Z, Yang X, Feng G, Yu J. Causal effect analysis of estrogen receptor associated breast cancer and clear cell ovarian cancer. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2699-2710. [PMID: 39006281 PMCID: PMC11236669 DOI: 10.62347/ecoo9552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicates that the risk of developing a secondary ovarian cancer (OC) is correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) status. However, the clinical significance of the relationship between ER-associated breast cancer (BC) and clear cell ovarian cancer (CCOC) remains elusive. METHODS Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly correlated with exposure were extracted, and those associated with confounders and outcomes were removed using the PhenoScanner database. SNP effects were extracted from the outcome datasets with minor allele frequency > 0.01 as the filtration criterion. Next, valid instrumental variables (IVs) were obtained by harmonizing exposure and outcome effects and further filtered based on F-statistics (> 10). Mendelian randomization (MR) assessment of valid IVs was carried out using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger (ME), weighted median (WM), and multiplicative random effects-inverse variance weighted (MRE-IVW) methods. For sensitivity analysis and visualization of MR findings, a heterogeneity test, a pleiotropy test, a leave-one-out test, scatter plots, forest plots, and funnel plots were employed. RESULTS MR analyses with all four methods revealed that CCOC was not causally associated with ER-negative BC (IVW results: odds ratio (OR) = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66-1.20, P = 0.431) or ER-positive BC (IVW results: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.88-1.12, P = 0.901). F-statistics were computed for each valid IV, all of which exceeded 10. The stability and reliability of the results were confirmed by sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that CCOC dids not have a causal association with ER-associated BC. The absence of a definitive causal link between ER-associated BC and CCOC suggested a minimal true causal influence of ER-associated BC exposure factors on CCOC. These results indicated that individuals afflicted by ER-associated BC could alleviate concerns regarding the developing of CCOC, thereby aiding in preserving their mental well-being stability and optimizing the efficacy of primary disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuru Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaying Cai
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Gu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenrui Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuxin He
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaonan Deng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinmeng Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuwen Kong
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziwen Lin
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guannan Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Aleksandrova KV, Vorobev ML, Suvorova II. mTOR pathway occupies a central role in the emergence of latent cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:176. [PMID: 38418814 PMCID: PMC10902345 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The current focus in oncology research is the translational control of cancer cells as a major mechanism of cellular plasticity. Recent evidence has prompted a reevaluation of the role of the mTOR pathway in cancer development leading to new conclusions. The mechanistic mTOR inhibition is well known to be a tool for generating quiescent stem cells and cancer cells. In response to mTOR suppression, quiescent cancer cells dynamically change their proteome, triggering alternative non-canonical translation mechanisms. The shift to selective translation may have clinical relevance, since quiescent tumor cells can acquire new phenotypical features. This review provides new insights into the patterns of mTOR functioning in quiescent cancer cells, enhancing our current understanding of the biology of latent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail L Vorobev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina I Suvorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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4
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Wang X, Sun Q, Wang W, Liu B, Gu Y, Chen L. Decoding key cell sub-populations and molecular alterations in glioblastoma at recurrence by single-cell analysis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:125. [PMID: 37525259 PMCID: PMC10391841 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor, the relapse of which is unavoidable following standard treatment. However, the effective treatment for recurrent GBM is lacking, necessitating the understanding of key mechanisms driving tumor recurrence and the identification of new targets for intervention. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA-sequencing data spanning 36 patient-matched primary and recurrent GBM (pGBM and rGBM) specimens, with 6 longitudinal GBM spatial transcriptomics to explore molecular alterations at recurrence, with each cell type characterized in parallel. Genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization are preferentially enriched in rGBM cells, and MAFK is highlighted as a potential regulator. Notably, we uncover a unique subpopulation of GBM cells that is much less detected in pGBM and highly expresses ECM and mesenchyme related genes, suggesting it may contribute to the molecular transition of rGBM. Further regulatory network analysis reveals that transcription factors, such as NFATC4 and activator protein 1 members, may function as hub regulators. All non-tumor cells alter their specific sets of genes as well and certain subgroups of myeloid cells appear to be physically associated with the mesenchyme-like GBM subpopulation. Altogether, our study provides new insights into the molecular understanding of GBM relapse and candidate targets for rGBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, 310030 China
| | - Qian Sun
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518120 China
| | - Baohui Liu
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, 310030 China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Liang Chen
- RNA Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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5
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Berber M, Leng S, Wengi A, Winter DV, Odermatt A, Beuschlein F, Loffing J, Breault DT, Penton D. Calcineurin regulates aldosterone production via dephosphorylation of NFATC4. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e157027. [PMID: 37310791 PMCID: PMC10443813 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG), is critical for life, maintaining ion homeostasis and blood pressure. Therapeutic inhibition of protein phosphatase 3 (calcineurin, Cn) results in inappropriately low plasma aldosterone levels despite concomitant hyperkalemia and hyperreninemia. We tested the hypothesis that Cn participates in the signal transduction pathway regulating aldosterone synthesis. Inhibition of Cn with tacrolimus abolished the potassium-stimulated (K+-stimulated) expression of aldosterone synthase, encoded by CYP11B2, in the NCI-H295R human adrenocortical cell line as well as ex vivo in mouse and human adrenal tissue. ZG-specific deletion of the regulatory Cn subunit CnB1 diminished Cyp11b2 expression in vivo and disrupted K+-mediated aldosterone synthesis. Phosphoproteomics analysis identified nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 4 (NFATC4), as a target for Cn-mediated dephosphorylation. Deletion of NFATC4 impaired K+-dependent stimulation of CYP11B2 expression and aldosterone production while expression of a constitutively active form of NFATC4 increased expression of CYP11B2 in NCI-H295R cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed NFATC4 directly regulated CYP11B2 expression. Thus, Cn controls aldosterone production via the Cn/NFATC4 pathway. Inhibition of Cn/NFATC4 signaling may explain low plasma aldosterone levels and hyperkalemia in patients treated with tacrolimus, and the Cn/NFATC4 pathway may provide novel molecular targets to treat primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Berber
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research “Kidney Control of Homeostasis” (NCCR Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sining Leng
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Denise V. Winter
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research “Kidney Control of Homeostasis” (NCCR Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Loffing
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research “Kidney Control of Homeostasis” (NCCR Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David T. Breault
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Penton
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research “Kidney Control of Homeostasis” (NCCR Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang Y, Yu Y, Yang W, Wu L, Yang Y, Lu Q, Zhou J. SETD4 Confers Cancer Stem Cell Chemoresistance in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients via the Epigenetic Regulation of Cellular Quiescence. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7367854. [PMID: 37274024 PMCID: PMC10239305 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7367854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a root cause of chemoresistance. SET domain-containing protein 4 (SETD4) epigenetically regulates cell quiescence in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and SETD4-positive BCSCs are chemoradioresistant. However, the role of SETD4 in chemoresistance, tumor progression, and prognosis in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is unclear. Here, SETD4-positive cells were identified as quiescent lung cancer stem cells (qLCSCs) since they expressed high levels of ALDH1 and CD133 and low levels of Ki67. SETD4 expression was significantly higher in advanced-stage NSCLC tissues than in early-stage NSCLC tissues and significantly higher in samples from the chemoresistant group than in those from the chemosensitive group. Patients with high SETD4 expression had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) times than those with low SETD4 expression. SETD4 facilitated heterochromatin formation via H4K20me3, thereby leading to cell quiescence. RNA-seq analysis showed upregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation, glucose metabolism, and PI3K-AKT signaling in activated qLCSCs (A-qLCSCs) compared with qLCSCs. In addition, SETD4 overexpression facilitated PTEN-mediated inhibition of the PI3K-mTOR pathway. In summary, SETD4 confers chemoresistance, tumor progression, and a poor prognosis by regulating CSCs in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuman Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linying Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yaoshun Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianyun Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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7
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Cole AJ, Panesso-Gómez S, Shah JS, Ebai T, Jiang Q, Gumusoglu-Acar E, Bello MG, Vlad A, Modugno F, Edwards RP, Buckanovich RJ. Quiescent Ovarian Cancer Cells Secrete Follistatin to Induce Chemotherapy Resistance in Surrounding Cells in Response to Chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1969-1983. [PMID: 36795892 PMCID: PMC10192102 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently reported that the transcription factor NFATC4, in response to chemotherapy, drives cellular quiescence to increase ovarian cancer chemoresistance. The goal of this work was to better understand the mechanisms of NFATC4-driven ovarian cancer chemoresistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used RNA sequencing to identify NFATC4-mediated differential gene expression. CRISPR-Cas9 and FST (follistatin)-neutralizing antibodies were used to assess impact of loss of FST function on cell proliferation and chemoresistance. ELISA was used to quantify FST induction in patient samples and in vitro in response to chemotherapy. RESULTS We found that NFATC4 upregulates FST mRNA and protein expression predominantly in quiescent cells and FST is further upregulated following chemotherapy treatment. FST acts in at least a paracrine manner to induce a p-ATF2-dependent quiescent phenotype and chemoresistance in non-quiescent cells. Consistent with this, CRISPR knockout (KO) of FST in ovarian cancer cells or antibody-mediated neutralization of FST sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy treatment. Similarly, CRISPR KO of FST in tumors increased chemotherapy-mediated tumor eradication in an otherwise chemotherapy-resistant tumor model. Suggesting a role for FST in chemoresistance in patients, FST protein in the abdominal fluid of patients with ovarian cancer significantly increases within 24 hours of chemotherapy exposure. FST levels decline to baseline levels in patients no longer receiving chemotherapy with no evidence of disease. Furthermore, elevated FST expression in patient tumors is correlated with poor progression-free, post-progression-free, and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS FST is a novel therapeutic target to improve ovarian cancer response to chemotherapy and potentially reduce recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Cole
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Santiago Panesso-Gómez
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaynish S. Shah
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tonge Ebai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ece Gumusoglu-Acar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maya G. Bello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anda Vlad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald J. Buckanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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8
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Li F, Chen H, Lu X. The Role of NFATC4 Gene in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Dermatol 2023; 68:156-160. [PMID: 37275813 PMCID: PMC10238996 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_837_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 (NFATC4) has been implicated in keratinocyte development and several types of cancer. A well-defined role for NFATC4 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) has not yet been established. In this study, NFATC4 gene function in CSCC development was examined. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression of NFATC4 in CSCC tissues and controls. A431 and Colo16 cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay, transwell invasion, and flow cytometry, respectively, after an NFATC4 expression lentivirus infection. Animal models were applied to validate the function of the NFATC4 gene. (1) CSCC tissues showed a significant decrease in NFATC4 expression compared to controls. (2) Overexpression of NFATc4 suppresses A431 and Colo16 cell proliferation and invasion but promotes cell apoptosis. (3) Mouse models overexpressing NFATC4 showed reduced tumourigenesis. It was suggested that NFATC4 might be a tumour suppressor gene in CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Li
- From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongquan Chen
- From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoou Lu
- From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, China
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9
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Sustained activation of non-canonical NF-κB signalling drives glycolytic reprogramming in doxorubicin-resistant DLBCL. Leukemia 2023; 37:441-452. [PMID: 36446947 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
DLBCL is the most common lymphoma with high tumor heterogeneity. Treatment refractoriness and relapse from R-CHOP therapy in patients remain a clinical problem. Activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway is associated with R-CHOP resistance. However, downstream targets of non-canonical NF-κB mediating R-CHOP-induced resistance remains uncharacterized. Here, we identify the common mechanisms underlying both intrinsic and acquired resistance that are induced by doxorubicin, the main cytotoxic component of R-CHOP. We performed global transcriptomic analysis of (1) a panel of resistant versus sensitive and (2) isogenic acquired doxorubicin-resistant DLBCL cell lines following short and chronic exposure to doxorubicin respectively. Doxorubicin-induced stress in resistant cells activates a distinct transcriptional signature that is enriched in metabolic reprogramming and oncogenic signalling. Selective and sustained activation of non-canonical NF-κB signalling in these resistant cells exacerbated their survival by augmenting glycolysis. In response to doxorubicin, p52-RelB complexes transcriptionally activated multiple glycolytic regulators with prognostic significance through increased recruitment at their gene promoters. Targeting p52-RelB and their targets in resistant cells increased doxorubicin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study uncovered novel molecular drivers of doxorubicin-induced resistance that are regulated by non-canonical NF-κB pathway. We reveal new avenues of therapeutic targeting for R-CHOP-treated refractory/relapsed DLBCL patients.
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10
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Alhaddad L, Chuprov-Netochin R, Pustovalova M, Osipov AN, Leonov S. Polyploid/Multinucleated Giant and Slow-Cycling Cancer Cell Enrichment in Response to X-ray Irradiation of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells Differing in Radioresistance and TP53/PTEN Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021228. [PMID: 36674747 PMCID: PMC9865596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance compromises the efficacy of radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most devastating and common brain tumor. The present study investigated the relationship between radiation tolerance and formation of polyploid/multinucleated giant (PGCC/MGCC) and quiescent/senescent slow-cycling cancer cells in human U-87, LN-229, and U-251 cell lines differing in TP53/PTEN status and radioresistance. We found significant enrichment in MGCC populations of U-87 and LN-229 cell lines, and generation of numerous small mononuclear (called Raju cells, or RJ cells) U-87-derived cells that eventually form cell colonies, in a process termed neosis, in response to X-ray irradiation (IR) at single acute therapeutic doses of 2-6 Gy. For the first time, single-cell high-content imaging and analysis of Ki-67- and EdU-coupled fluorescence demonstrated that the IR exposure dose-dependently augments two distinct GBM cell populations. Bifurcation of Ki-67 staining suggests fast-cycling and slow-cycling populations with a normal-sized nuclear area, and with an enlarged nuclear area, including one resembling the size of PGCC/MGCCs, that likely underlie the highest radioresistance and propensity for repopulation of U-87 cells. Proliferative activity and anchorage-independent survival of GBM cell lines seem to be related to neosis, low level of apoptosis, fraction of prematurely stress-induced senescent MGCCs, and the expression of p63 and p73, members of p53 family transcription factors, but not to the mutant p53. Collectively, our data support the importance of the TP53wt/PTENmut genotype for the maintenance of cycling radioresistant U-87 cells to produce a significant amount of senescent MGCCs as an IR stress-induced adaptation response to therapeutic irradiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Alhaddad
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Roman Chuprov-Netochin
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Margarita Pustovalova
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreyan N. Osipov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergey Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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11
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Johnson MS, Cook JG. Cell cycle exits and U-turns: Quiescence as multiple reversible forms of arrest. Fac Rev 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 36923701 PMCID: PMC10009890 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation control is essential during development and for maintaining adult tissues. Loss of that control promotes not only oncogenesis when cells proliferate inappropriately but also developmental abnormalities or degeneration when cells fail to proliferate when and where needed. To ensure that cells are produced at the right place and time, an intricate balance of pro-proliferative and anti-proliferative signals impacts the probability that cells undergo cell cycle exit to quiescence, or G0 phase. This brief review describes recent advances in our understanding of how and when quiescence is initiated and maintained in mammalian cells. We highlight the growing appreciation for quiescence as a collection of context-dependent distinct states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sharisha Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Wang H, Mi K. Emerging roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cellular plasticity of cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1110881. [PMID: 36890838 PMCID: PMC9986440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity is a well-known dynamic feature of tumor cells that endows tumors with heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance and alters their invasion-metastasis progression, stemness, and drug sensitivity, thereby posing a major challenge to cancer therapy. It is becoming increasingly clear that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a hallmark of cancer. The dysregulated expression of ER stress sensors and the activation of downstream signaling pathways play a role in the regulation of tumor progression and cellular response to various challenges. Moreover, mounting evidence implicates ER stress in the regulation of cancer cell plasticity, including epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, drug resistance phenotype, cancer stem cell phenotype, and vasculogenic mimicry phenotype plasticity. ER stress influences several malignant characteristics of tumor cells, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stem cell maintenance, angiogenic function, and tumor cell sensitivity to targeted therapy. The emerging links between ER stress and cancer cell plasticity that are implicated in tumor progression and chemoresistance are discussed in this review, which may aid in formulating strategies to target ER stress and cancer cell plasticity in anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Breast Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Mi
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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13
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Łuczkowska K, Kulig P, Baumert B, Machaliński B. The Evidence That 25(OH)D3 and VK2 MK-7 Vitamins Influence the Proliferative Potential and Gene Expression Profiles of Multiple Myeloma Cells and the Development of Resistance to Bortezomib. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235190. [PMID: 36501221 PMCID: PMC9736786 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematological malignancy. Bortezomib (BTZ) is a proteasome inhibitor widely used in MM therapy whose potent activity is often hampered by the development of resistance. The immune system is vital in the pathophysiology of BTZ resistance. Vitamins D (VD) and K (VK) modulate the immune system; therefore, they are potentially beneficial in MM. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of BTZ therapy and VD and VK supplementation on the proliferation potential and gene expression profiles of MM cells in terms of the development of BTZ resistance. The U266 MM cell line was incubated three times with BTZ, VD and VK at different timepoints. Then, proliferation assays, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. We showed BTZ resistance to be mediated by processes related to ATP metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. The upregulation of genes from the SNORDs family suggests the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Supplementation with VD and VK reduced the proliferation of MM cells in both the non-BTZ-resistant and BTZ-resistant phenotypes. VD and VK, by restoring proper metabolism, may have overcome resistance to BTZ in vitro. This observation forms the basis for further clinical trials evaluating VD and VK as potential adjuvant therapies for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kulig
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Baumert
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-914-250-428 (B.B.); +48-914-661-546 (B.M.); Fax: +48-914-253-357 (B.B.); +48-914-661-548 (B.M.)
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-914-250-428 (B.B.); +48-914-661-546 (B.M.); Fax: +48-914-253-357 (B.B.); +48-914-661-548 (B.M.)
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14
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Garsed DW, Pandey A, Fereday S, Kennedy CJ, Takahashi K, Alsop K, Hamilton PT, Hendley J, Chiew YE, Traficante N, Provan P, Ariyaratne D, Au-Yeung G, Bateman NW, Bowes L, Brand A, Christie EL, Cunningham JM, Friedlander M, Grout B, Harnett P, Hung J, McCauley B, McNally O, Piskorz AM, Saner FAM, Vierkant RA, Wang C, Winham SJ, Pharoah PDP, Brenton JD, Conrads TP, Maxwell GL, Ramus SJ, Pearce CL, Pike MC, Nelson BH, Goode EL, DeFazio A, Bowtell DDL. The genomic and immune landscape of long-term survivors of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1853-1864. [PMID: 36456881 PMCID: PMC10478425 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fewer than half of all patients with advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSCs) survive more than five years after diagnosis, but those who have an exceptionally long survival could provide insights into tumor biology and therapeutic approaches. We analyzed 60 patients with advanced-stage HGSC who survived more than 10 years after diagnosis using whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome and methylome profiling of their primary tumor samples, comparing this data to 66 short- or moderate-term survivors. Tumors of long-term survivors were more likely to have multiple alterations in genes associated with DNA repair and more frequent somatic variants resulting in an increased predicted neoantigen load. Patients clustered into survival groups based on genomic and immune cell signatures, including three subsets of patients with BRCA1 alterations with distinctly different outcomes. Specific combinations of germline and somatic gene alterations, tumor cell phenotypes and differential immune responses appear to contribute to long-term survival in HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale W Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine J Kennedy
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phineas T Hamilton
- The Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamela Provan
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - George Au-Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas W Bateman
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leanne Bowes
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Brand
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Christie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Paul Harnett
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jillian Hung
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryan McCauley
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Orla McNally
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna M Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Flurina A M Saner
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - George L Maxwell
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Susan J Ramus
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brad H Nelson
- The Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Division of Epidemology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anna DeFazio
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Magrath JW, Kang HJ, Hartono A, Espinosa-Cotton M, Somwar R, Ladanyi M, Cheung NKV, Lee SB. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor cancer stem cell-like cells resist chemotherapy but remain dependent on the EWSR1-WT1 oncoprotein. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1048709. [PMID: 36506091 PMCID: PMC9732033 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1048709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive pediatric cancer driven by the EWSR1-WT1 fusion oncogene. Combinations of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery are not curative, and the 5-years survival rate is less than 25%. One potential explanation for refractoriness is the existence of a cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation able escape current treatment modalities. However, no study to-date has examined the role of CSCs in DSRCT or established in vitro culture conditions to model this subpopulation. In this study, we investigated the role of stemness markers in DSRCT survival and metastasis, finding that elevated levels of SOX2 and NANOG are associated with worse survival in sarcoma patients and are elevated in metastatic DSRCT tumors. We further develop the first in vitro DSRCT CSC model which forms tumorspheres, expresses increased levels of stemness markers (SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and OCT4), and resists doxorubicin chemotherapy treatment. This model is an important addition to the DSRCT tool kit and will enable investigation of this critical DSRCT subpopulation. Despite lower sensitivity to chemotherapy, the DSRCT CSC model remained sensitive to knockdown of the EWSR1-WT1 fusion protein, suggesting that future therapies directed against this oncogenic driver have the potential to treat both DSRCT bulk tumor and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W. Magrath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hong-Jun Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alifiani Hartono
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Madelyn Espinosa-Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sean B. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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16
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Zhong QH, Zha SW, Lau ATY, Xu YM. Recent knowledge of NFATc4 in oncogenesis and cancer prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:212. [PMID: 35698138 PMCID: PMC9190084 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 (NFATc4), a transcription factor of NFAT family, which is activated by Ca2+/calcineurin signaling. Recently, it is reported that aberrantly activated NFATc4 participated and modulated in the initiation, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of various cancers (including cancers of the lung, breast, ovary, cervix, skin, liver, pancreas, as well as glioma, primary myelofibrosis and acute myelocytic leukemia). In this review, we cover the latest knowledge on NFATc4 expression pattern, post-translational modification, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional activity regulation and its downstream targets. Furthermore, we perform database analysis to reveal the prognostic value of NFATc4 in various cancers and discuss the current unexplored areas of NFATc4 research. All in all, the result from these studies strongly suggest that NFATc4 has the potential as a molecular therapeutic target in multiple human cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Hua Zhong
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Wei Zha
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Andy T. Y. Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 People’s Republic of China
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17
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Rinne N, Christie EL, Ardasheva A, Kwok CH, Demchenko N, Low C, Tralau-Stewart C, Fotopoulou C, Cunnea P. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in epithelial ovarian cancer, therapeutic treatment options for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:573-595. [PMID: 35582310 PMCID: PMC9019160 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The survival rates for women with ovarian cancer have shown scant improvement in recent years, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40% for women diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal subtype where the majority of women develop recurrent disease and chemotherapy resistance, despite over 70%-80% of patients initially responding to platinum-based chemotherapy. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway regulates many vital processes such as cell growth, survival and metabolism. However, this pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancers including different subtypes of ovarian cancer, through amplification or somatic mutations of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), amplification of AKT isoforms, or deletion or inactivation of PTEN. Further evidence indicates a role for the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the development of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. Thus, targeting key nodes of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a potential therapeutic prospect. In this review, we outline dysregulation of PI3K signaling in ovarian cancer, with a particular emphasis on HGSOC and platinum-resistant disease. We review pre-clinical evidence for inhibitors of the main components of the PI3K pathway and highlight past, current and upcoming trials in ovarian cancers for different inhibitors of the pathway. Whilst no inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have thus far advanced to the clinic for the treatment of ovarian cancer, several promising compounds which have the potential to restore platinum sensitivity and improve clinical outcomes for patients are under evaluation and in various phases of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Rinne
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Anastasia Ardasheva
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chun Hei Kwok
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nikita Demchenko
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Caroline Low
- Department of Metabolism Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Catherine Tralau-Stewart
- Takeda Academic Innovation, Center for External Innovation, Takeda California, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paula Cunnea
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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18
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Shepherd TG, Dick FA. Principles of dormancy evident in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cell Div 2022; 17:2. [PMID: 35321751 PMCID: PMC8944075 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-022-00079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, dormancy refers to a clinical state in which microscopic residual disease becomes non-proliferative and is largely refractory to chemotherapy. Dormancy was first described in breast cancer where disease can remain undetected for decades, ultimately leading to relapse and clinical presentation of the original malignancy. A long latency period can be explained by withdrawal from cell proliferation (cellular dormancy), or a balance between proliferation and cell death that retains low levels of residual disease (tumor mass dormancy). Research into cellular dormancy has revealed features that define this state. They include arrest of cell proliferation, altered cellular metabolism, and unique cell dependencies and interactions with the microenvironment. These characteristics can be shared by dormant cells derived from disparate primary disease sites, suggesting common features exist between them. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) disseminates to locations throughout the abdominal cavity by means of cellular aggregates called spheroids. These growth-arrested and therapy-resistant cells are a strong contributor to disease relapse. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences between ovarian cancer cells in spheroids and dormant properties reported for other cancer disease sites. This reveals that elements of dormancy, such as cell cycle control mechanisms and changes to metabolism, may be similar across most forms of cellular dormancy. However, HGSOC-specific aspects of spheroid biology, including the extracellular matrix organization and microenvironment, are obligatorily disease site specific. Collectively, our critical review of current literature highlights places where HGSOC cell dormancy may offer a more tractable experimental approach to understand broad principles of cellular dormancy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor G Shepherd
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Frederick A Dick
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.
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Mao G, Xin D, Wang Q, Lai D. Sodium molybdate inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells via inducing both ferroptosis and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:79-92. [PMID: 35219846 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the most mortality of all gynecologic malignancies. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common and deadly type of ovarian cancer. Tumor recurrence occurs due to the emergence of chemotherapy resistance. Thus, searching for new therapeutic strategies is essential for the management of ovarian cancer. Deregulation of iron metabolism can be used by ovarian cancer cells to survive, proliferate and metastasize. Here we report that sodium molybdate, a soluble molybdenum (Mo) compound, induces the elevation of the labile iron pool (LIP) in ovarian cancer cells, correlated with the down-regulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix organization. Sodium molybdate also induces depletion of glutathione (GSH) through mediating the production of nitric oxide (NO). Elevation of LIP and depletion of GSH promote the ferroptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Meanwhile, nitric oxide induces mitochondrial damage through inhibiting mitochondrial aconitase activity, ATP production, and mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. In vivo study shows that sodium molybdate reduces tumor burden in nude mice. Xenografts treated with sodium molybdate are characterized by obvious iron accumulation, increased expression of the iron storage protein ferritin, and lipid peroxide product 4-hydroxynonenal. In addition, an elevated percentage of apoptotic cells is observed in xenografts treated with sodium molybdate. Taken together, these results demonstrate that sodium molybdate can induce both ferroptosis and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, making it a potential therapeutic candidate for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Mao
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Dedong Xin
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Lai
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, PR China.
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Yang L, Xie HJ, Li YY, Wang X, Liu XX, Mai J. Molecular mechanisms of platinum‑based chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 47:82. [PMID: 35211759 PMCID: PMC8908330 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapy drugs for ovarian cancer, but resistance is common. The initial response to platinum‑based chemotherapy is as high as 80%, but in most advanced patients, final relapse and death are caused by acquired drug resistance. The development of resistance to therapy in ovarian cancer is a significant hindrance to therapeutic efficacy. The resistance of ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapeutic mechanisms is rather complex and includes multidrug resistance, DNA damage repair, cell metabolism, oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation, cancer stem cells, immunity, apoptotic pathways, autophagy and abnormal signaling pathways. The present review provided an update of recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of ovarian cancer platinum‑based chemotherapy resistance, discussed current and emerging approaches for targeting these patients and presented challenges associated with these approaches, with a focus on development and overcoming resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jian Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jia Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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21
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Yang L, Zhang W, Qiu Q, Su Z, Tang M, Bai P, Si W, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Yang J, Kuang S, Liu J, Yan W, Shi M, Ye H, Yang Z, Chen L. Discovery of a Series of Hydroxamic Acid-Based Microtubule Destabilizing Agents with Potent Antitumor Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15379-15401. [PMID: 34648295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxamic acid group is one of the characteristic pharmacophores of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. But here, we discovered a series of hydroxamic acid-based microtubule destabilizing agents (MDAs), which were derived from shortening the length of the linker in HDAC6 inhibitor SKLB-23bb. Interestingly, the low nanomolar antiproliferative activity of these MDAs depended on the presence of hydroxamic acid groups, but their inhibitory effects on HDAC were lost. Among them, 12b showed favorable metabolism stability, high bioavailability, and potent antitumor activity in multidrug-resistant cell lines and A2780/T xenograft model. More importantly, in the patient-derived xenograft models of triple-negative breast cancer and osimertinib-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer, both 20 mg/kg oral and 10 mg/kg intravenous administration of 12b could induce more than 70% tumor inhibition without obvious toxicity. Overall, we discovered that 12b, as a novel MDA based on hydroxamic acid, could serve as a potential MDA for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenting Si
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zejiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingsong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Transcriptomic analysis reveals pro-inflammatory signatures associated with acute myeloid leukemia progression. Blood Adv 2021; 6:152-164. [PMID: 34619772 PMCID: PMC8753201 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of AML is associated with pro-inflammatory mediators through altered expression levels of CR1, DPEP1, IL1R1, and ST18. Upregulated CD6 and downregulated INSR are nodes in gene expression networks linked to AML relapse, according to machine learning analysis.
Numerous studies have been performed over the last decade to exploit the complexity of genomic and transcriptomic lesions driving the initiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These studies have helped improve risk classification and treatment options. Detailed molecular characterization of longitudinal AML samples is sparse, however; meanwhile, relapse and therapy resistance represent the main challenges in AML care. To this end, we performed transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing of longitudinal diagnosis, relapse, and/or primary resistant samples from 47 adult and 23 pediatric AML patients with known mutational background. Gene expression analysis revealed the association of short event-free survival with overexpression of GLI2 and IL1R1, as well as downregulation of ST18. Moreover, CR1 downregulation and DPEP1 upregulation were associated with AML relapse both in adults and children. Finally, machine learning–based and network-based analysis identified overexpressed CD6 and downregulated INSR as highly copredictive genes depicting important relapse-associated characteristics among adult patients with AML. Our findings highlight the importance of a tumor-promoting inflammatory environment in leukemia progression, as indicated by several of the herein identified differentially expressed genes. Together, this knowledge provides the foundation for novel personalized drug targets and has the potential to maximize the benefit of current treatments to improve cure rates in AML.
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Capilliposide from Lysimachia capillipes promotes terminal differentiations and reverses paclitaxel resistance in A2780T cells of human ovarian cancer by regulating Fos/Jun pathway. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 14:111-116. [PMID: 36120123 PMCID: PMC9476669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the potential effect of Lysimachia capillipes capilliposide (LCC) on the chemo sensitivity and the stemness of human ovarian cancer cells. Methods Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) was used to measure the IC50 values. The apoptosis of cells was measured through flow cytometry. Evaluation of the stemness and differentiation markers was performed by the immunoblotting and the immunostaining assays. RNA-seq was performed through the Illumina HiSeq PE150 platform and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out through the bioinformation analysis. Overexpression or knockdown of Fos gene was achieved by shRNA transfection. Results Pre-exposure of A2780T cells with 10 μg/mL LCC sensitized them to paclitaxel, of which the IC50 value reduced from 8.644 μmol/L (95%CI: 7.315–10.082 μmol/L) to 2.5 μmol/L (95%CI: 2.233–2.7882 μmol/L). Exposure with LCC enhanced the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and inhibited the colony formation of A2780T cells. LCC exposure reduced the expression of cancer stemness markers, ALDH1, Myd88 and CD44, while promoting that of terminal differentiation markers, NFATc1, Cathepsin K and MMP9. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expressions of FOS and JUN were upregulated in LCC-treated A2780T cells. A2780T cells overexpressing Fos gene displayed increased paclitaxel-sensitivity and reduced cell stemness, and shared common phenotypes with LCC-treated A2780T cells. Conclusion These findings suggested that LCC promoted terminal differentiations of ovarian cancer cells and sensitized them to paclitaxel through activating the Fos/Jun pathway. LCC might become a novel therapy that targets at cancer stem cells and enhances the chemotherapeutic effect of ovarian cancer treatments.
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Abstract
Tumour recurrence is a serious impediment to cancer treatment, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The most frequently used anti-tumour therapies-chemotherapy and radiotherapy-target highly proliferative cancer cells. However non- or slow-proliferative dormant cancer cells can persist after treatment, eventually causing tumour relapse. Whereas the reversible growth arrest mechanism allows quiescent cells to re-enter the cell cycle, senescent cells are largely thought to be irreversibly arrested, and may instead contribute to tumour growth and relapse through paracrine signalling mechanisms. Thus, due to the differences in their growth arrest mechanism, metabolic features, plasticity and adaptation to their respective tumour microenvironment, dormant-senescent and -quiescent cancer cells could have different but complementary roles in fuelling tumour growth. In this review article, we discuss the implication of dormant cancer cells in tumour relapse and the need to understand how quiescent and senescent cells, respectively, may play a part in this process.
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Zou M, Du Y, Liu R, Zheng Z, Xu J. Nanocarrier-delivered small interfering RNA for chemoresistant ovarian cancer therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 12:e1648. [PMID: 33682310 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States. Because success in early screening is limited, and most patients with advanced disease develop resistance to multiple treatment modalities, the overall prognosis of ovarian cancer is poor. Despite the revolutionary role of surgery and chemotherapy in curing ovarian cancer, recurrence remains a major challenge in treatment. Thus, improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is essential for developing more effective treatments. In this review, we analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to chemotherapy resistance. We discuss the clinical benefits and potential challenges of using nanocarrier-delivered small interfering RNA to treat chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer. We aim to elicit collaborative studies on nanocarrier-delivered small interfering RNA to improve the long-term survival rate and quality of life of patients with ovarian cancer. This article is categorized under: RNA Methods > RNA Nanotechnology Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Zou
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruizhen Liu
- The First People's Hospital of Wu'an, Wu'an, Hebei, China
| | - Zeliang Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Grimley E, Cole AJ, Luong TT, McGonigal SC, Sinno S, Yang D, Bernstein KA, Buckanovich RJ. Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors promote DNA damage in ovarian cancer and synergize with ATM/ATR inhibitors. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3540-3551. [PMID: 33664846 PMCID: PMC7914353 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes are often upregulated in cancer cells and associated with therapeutic resistance. ALDH enzymes protect cells by metabolizing toxic aldehydes which can induce DNA double stand breaks (DSB). We recently identified a novel ALDH1A family inhibitor (ALDHi), 673A. We hypothesized that 673A, via inhibition of ALDH1A family members, could induce intracellular accumulation of genotoxic aldehydes to cause DSB and that ALDHi could synergize with inhibitors of the ATM and ATR, proteins which direct DSB repair. Methods: We used immunofluorescence to directly assess levels of the aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal and comet assays to evaluate DSB. Western blot was used to evaluate activation of the DNA damage response pathways. Cell counts were performed in the presence of 673A and additional aldehydes or aldehyde scavengers. ALDH inhibition results were confirmed using ALDH1A3 CRISPR knockout. Synergy between 673A and ATM or ATR inhibitors was evaluated using the Chou-Talalay method and confirmed in vivo using cell line xenograft tumor studies. Results: The ALDHi 673A cellular accumulation of toxic aldehydes which induce DNA double strand breaks. This is exacerbated by addition of exogenous aldehydes such as vitamin-A (retinaldehyde) and ameliorated by aldehyde scavengers such as metformin and hydralazine. Importantly, ALDH1A3 knockout cells demonstrated increased sensitivity to ATM/ATR inhibitors. And, ALDHi synergized with inhibitors of ATM and ATR, master regulators of the DSB DNA damage response, both in vitro and in vivo. This synergy was evident in homologous recombination (HR) proficient cell lines. Conclusions: ALDHi can be used to induce DNA DSB in cancer cells and synergize with inhibitors the ATM/ATR pathway. Our data suggest a novel therapeutic approach to target HR proficient ovarian cancer cells.
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Zhao C, Yang S, Lu W, Liu J, Wei Y, Guo H, Zhang Y, Shi J. Increased NFATC4 Correlates With Poor Prognosis of AML Through Recruiting Regulatory T Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:573124. [PMID: 33329712 PMCID: PMC7728998 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.573124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite that immune responses play important roles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), immunotherapy is still not widely used in AML due to lack of an ideal target. Therefore, we identified key immune genes and cellular components in AML by an integrated bioinformatics analysis, trying to find potential targets for AML. Eighty-six differentially expressed immune genes (DEIGs) were identified from 751 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AML patients with fair prognosis and poor prognosis from the TCGA database. Among them, nine prognostic immune genes, including NCR2, NPDC1, KIR2DL4, KLC3, TWIST1, SNORD3B-1, NFATC4, XCR1, and LEFTY1, were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis. A multivariable prediction model was established based on prognostic immune genes. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis indicated that patients in the high-risk group had a shorter survival rate and higher mortality than those in the low-risk group (P < 0.001), indicating good effectiveness of the model. Furthermore, nuclear factors of activated T cells-4 (NFATC4) was recognized as the key immune gene identified by co-expression of differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs) and prognostic immune genes. ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) were the downstream KEGG pathway of NFATC4, identified by gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). To explore the immune responses NFATC4 was involved in, an immune gene set of T cell co-stimulation was identified by single-cell GSEA (ssGSEA) and Pearson correlation analysis, positively associated with NFATC4 in AML (R = 0.323, P < 0.001, positive). In order to find out the immune cell types affected by NFATC4, the CIBERSORT algorithm and Pearson correlation analysis were applied, and it was revealed that regulatory T cells (Tregs) have the highest correlation with NFATC4 (R = 0.526, P < 0.001, positive) in AML from 22 subsets of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The results of this study were supported by multi-omics database validation. In all, our study indicated that NFATC4 was the key immune gene in AML poor prognosis through recruiting Tregs, suggesting that NFATC4 might serve as a new therapy target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoxin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyu Wei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hezhou Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Nuclear P38: Roles in Physiological and Pathological Processes and Regulation of Nuclear Translocation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176102. [PMID: 32847129 PMCID: PMC7504396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK, termed here p38) cascade is a central signaling pathway that transmits stress and other signals to various intracellular targets in the cytoplasm and nucleus. More than 150 substrates of p38α/β have been identified, and this number is likely to increase. The phosphorylation of these substrates initiates or regulates a large number of cellular processes including transcription, translation, RNA processing and cell cycle progression, as well as degradation and the nuclear translocation of various proteins. Being such a central signaling cascade, its dysregulation is associated with many pathologies, particularly inflammation and cancer. One of the hallmarks of p38α/β signaling is its stimulated nuclear translocation, which occurs shortly after extracellular stimulation. Although p38α/β do not contain nuclear localization or nuclear export signals, they rapidly and robustly translocate to the nucleus, and they are exported back to the cytoplasm within minutes to hours. Here, we describe the physiological and pathological roles of p38α/β phosphorylation, concentrating mainly on the ill-reviewed regulation of p38α/β substrate degradation and nuclear translocation. In addition, we provide information on the p38α/β ’s substrates, concentrating mainly on the nuclear targets and their role in p38α/β functions. Finally, we also provide information on the mechanisms of nuclear p38α/β translocation and its use as a therapeutic target for p38α/β-dependent diseases.
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Cole AJ, Fayomi AP, Anyaeche VI, Bai S, Buckanovich RJ. An evolving paradigm of cancer stem cell hierarchies: therapeutic implications. Theranostics 2020; 10:3083-3098. [PMID: 32194856 PMCID: PMC7053211 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over a decade of research has confirmed the critical role of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in tumor initiation, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Increasingly, CSC hierarchies have begun to be defined with some recurring themes. This includes evidence that these hierarchies are 'flexible,' with both cell state transitions and dedifferentiation events possible. These findings pose therapeutic hurdles and opportunities. Here, we review cancer stem cell hierarchies and their interactions with the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the current therapeutic approaches designed to target CSC hierarchies and initial clinical trial results for CSC targeting agents. While cancer stem cell targeted therapies are still in their infancy, we are beginning to see encouraging results that suggest a positive outlook for CSC-targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Cole
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adetunji P Fayomi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Shoumei Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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