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Ewing A, Madan RP. Viral infections and inborn errors of immunity. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2024; 37:227-231. [PMID: 38747352 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this focused review is to discuss unusual presentations of viral infections in the context of specific inborn errors of immunity. We will discuss hyper immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndromes, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and X-linked agammaglobulinemia as examples of inborn errors of immunity associated with specific presentations of viral infection and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in both genetic and viral diagnostics have broadened our understanding of viral pathogenesis in the setting of immune dysfunction and the variable phenotype of inborn errors of immunity. Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency is now recognized as an inborn error of immunity within the hyper IgE syndrome phenotype and is associated with unusually aggressive cutaneous disease caused by herpes simplex and other viruses. Studies of patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis have proven that rarely detected human papillomavirus subtypes may cause malignancy in the absence of adequate host defenses. Finally, patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia may remain at risk for severe and chronic viral infections, even as immune globulin supplementation reduces the risk of bacterial infection. SUMMARY Susceptibility to viral infections in patients with inborn errors of immunity is conferred by specific, molecular defects. Recurrent, severe, or otherwise unusual presentations of viral disease should prompt investigation for an underlying genetic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ewing
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Rebecca Pellett Madan
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
- NYU Langone Transplant Institute, New York, New York, USA
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Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Saffarian Z, Ariamanesh M, Abdollahimajd F, Molkara S, Shahidi-Dadras M, Diab R, Vahidnezhad F, Zeinali S, Béziat V, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL, Uitto J, Vahidnezhad H. Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing-Based Profiling of the Cutaneous Virome in Patients with Secondary Immunodeficiency. JID INNOVATIONS 2024; 4:100278. [PMID: 38994235 PMCID: PMC11238184 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2024.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Most viral infections can be self-limited, with no requirement for medical intervention. However, the same viruses can cause severe diseases in patients with compromised immunity due to single-gene diseases, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or hematologic malignancies or those receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Occasionally, these immunocompromised patients harbor >1 infectious agent, requiring several concomitant diagnostic tests. We have developed, to our knowledge, a previously unreported whole-transcriptome sequencing-based pipeline that allows virome profiling, quantitation, and expression pattern analysis of 926 distinct viruses by sequencing of RNA isolated from a single lesional skin biopsy. This pipeline can also explore host genetics if there is a Mendelian predisposition to infection. We applied this pipeline to 6 Iranian patients with viral-induced skin lesions associated with immune deficiency secondary to HIV, human T-lymphotropic virus 1, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and post transplant immunosuppression. In 5 cases, definitive human papillomavirus infections were identified, some caused by multiple viral types. In addition to human papillomavirus, coinfection with other viruses (Merkle cell polyomavirus, cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus 4) was detected in some lesions. In 1 case, whole-transcriptome sequencing validated the clinical diagnosis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in a patient with an initial diagnosis of mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome. These findings attest to the power of whole-transcriptome sequencing in profiling the cutaneous virome in the context of compromised immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Youssefian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zahra Saffarian
- Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Ariamanesh
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sara Molkara
- Department of Dermatology, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Reem Diab
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Vahidnezhad
- UCSC Silicon Valley Extension, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | | | - Vivien Béziat
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mehri M, Karazhian M, Nikyar A, Mehri R, Bagheri A, Akbari M, Roshandel G, Teimoorian M. Incidence Rates and Time Trends of Skin Cancer in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran, 2005-2018. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2024; 27:289-297. [PMID: 38855798 PMCID: PMC11264628 DOI: 10.34172/aim.28801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the significant occurrence of skin cancer in the Middle East and the existing research gap concerning its incidence and trends, this research aimed to study the epidemiology and trend changes of skin cancer in the Golestan province, Northeastern Iran. METHODS The Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry's (GPCR's) data bank was utilized to gather information on confirmed skin cancer cases in the province during 2005-2018. We used Poisson regression analysis for comparing incidence rates between groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of 1690 patients (mean age: 62.05±15.83 years), most were male (60.1%) and resided in urban areas (61.5%). The age-standardized rate (ASR) of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer was 8.49 and 0.56 per 100000 persons-year, respectively. A notably higher ASR for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) was observed in men (ASR: 10.60; 95% CI: 9.91-11.29) (P<0.01) and urban residents (ASR: 10.19; 95% CI: 9.52-10.82) (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the ASR of melanoma skin cancer based on gender (P=0.24) and place of residence (P=0.48). The incidence trend of melanoma (estimated annual percent change [EAPC]: -3.28; 95% CI: -18.54 to 14.83) and NMSC (EAPC: 0.39; 95% CI: -3.99 to 4.97) did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION During the 14-year study period, the ASR of both types of skin cancer exhibited a consistent pattern, except for NMSC, which showed higher rates among men and urban residents. This should be taken into consideration when formulating preventive and control strategies in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mehri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mina Karazhian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Arash Nikyar
- Department of Research and Technology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Romina Mehri
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Bagheri
- Deputy of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Akbari
- Deputy of Treatment, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Teimoorian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Biglari S, Moghaddam AS, Tabatabaiefar MA, Sherkat R, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Vahidnezhad F, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Hakonarson H, Casanova JL, Béziat V, Jouanguy E, Vahidnezhad H. Monogenic etiologies of persistent human papillomavirus infections: A comprehensive systematic review. Genet Med 2024; 26:101028. [PMID: 37978863 PMCID: PMC10922824 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Persistent human papillomavirus infection (PHPVI) causes cutaneous, anogenital, and mucosal warts. Cutaneous warts include common warts, Treeman syndrome, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis, among others. Although more reports of monogenic predisposition to PHPVI have been published with the development of genomic technologies, genetic testing is rarely incorporated into clinical assessments. To encourage broader molecular testing, we compiled a list of the various monogenic etiologies of PHPVI. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review to determine the genetic, immunological, and clinical characteristics of patients with PHPVI. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were met by 261 of 40,687 articles. In 842 patients, 83 PHPVI-associated genes were identified, including 42, 6, and 35 genes with strong, moderate, and weak evidence for causality, respectively. Autosomal recessive inheritance predominated (69%). PHPVI onset age was 10.8 ± 8.6 years, with an interquartile range of 5 to 14 years. GATA2,IL2RG,DOCK8, CXCR4, TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1 are the most frequently reported PHPVI-associated genes with strong causality. Most genes (74 out of 83) belong to a catalog of 485 inborn errors of immunity-related genes, and 40 genes (54%) are represented in the nonsyndromic and syndromic combined immunodeficiency categories. CONCLUSION PHPVI has at least 83 monogenic etiologies and a genetic diagnosis is essential for effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Biglari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Vivien Béziat
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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5
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Li XM, Wen JH, Feng ZS, Wu YS, Li DY, Liang S, Wu D, Wu HL, Li SM, Ye ZN, Yang C, Sun L, Tang JX, Liu HF. Effect of Lacking ZKSCAN3 on Autophagy, Lysosomal Biogenesis and Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097786. [PMID: 37175493 PMCID: PMC10178544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors can affect autophagy activity by promoting or inhibiting the expression of autophagic and lysosomal genes. As a member of the zinc finger family DNA-binding proteins, ZKSCAN3 has been reported to function as a transcriptional repressor of autophagy, silencing of which can induce autophagy and promote lysosomal biogenesis in cancer cells. However, studies in Zkscan3 knockout mice showed that the deficiency of ZKSCAN3 did not induce autophagy or increase lysosomal biogenesis. In order to further explore the role of ZKSCAN3 in the transcriptional regulation of autophagic genes in human cancer and non-cancer cells, we generated ZKSCAN3 knockout HK-2 (non-cancer) and Hela (cancer) cells via the CRISPR/Cas9 system and analyzed the differences in gene expression between ZKSCAN3 deleted cells and non-deleted cells through fluorescence quantitative PCR, western blot and transcriptome sequencing, with special attention to the differences in expression of autophagic and lysosomal genes. We found that ZKSCAN3 may be a cancer-related gene involved in cancer progression, but not an essential transcriptional repressor of autophagic or lysosomal genes, as the lacking of ZKSCAN3 cannot significantly promote the expression of autophagic and lysosomal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Jun-Hao Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Ze-Sen Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Dong-Yi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Hong-Luan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Shang-Mei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
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Saeidian AH, Youssefian L, Naji M, Mahmoudi H, Barnada SM, Huang C, Naghipoor K, Hozhabrpour A, Park JS, Manzo Margiotta F, Vahidnezhad F, Saffarian Z, Kamyab-Hesari K, Tolouei M, Faraji N, Azimi SZ, Namdari G, Mansouri P, Casanova JL, Béziat V, Jouanguy E, Uitto J, Vahidnezhad H. Whole transcriptome-based skin virome profiling in typical epidermodysplasia verruciformis reveals α-, β-, and γ-HPV infections. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e162558. [PMID: 36602881 PMCID: PMC10077487 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HPVs are DNA viruses include approximately 450 types that are classified into 5 genera (α-, β-, γ-, μ-, and ν-HPV). The γ- and β-HPVs are present in low copy numbers in healthy individuals; however, in patients with an inborn error of immunity, certain species of β-HPVs can cause epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), manifesting as recalcitrant cutaneous warts and skin cancer. EV presents as either typical or atypical. Manifestations of typical EV are limited to the skin and are caused by abnormal keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity to β-HPVs due to pathogenic sequence variants in TMC6, TMC8, or CIB1. We applied a transcriptome-based computational pipeline, VirPy, to RNA extracted from normal-appearing skin and wart samples of patients with typical EV to explore the viral and human genetic determinants. In 26 patients, 9 distinct biallelic mutations were detected in TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1, 7 of which are previously unreported to our knowledge. Additionally, 20 different HPV species, including 3 α-HPVs, 16 β-HPVs, and 1 γ-HPV, were detected, 8 of which are reported here for the first time to our knowledge in patients with EV (β-HPV-37, -47, -80, -151, and -159; α-HPV-2 and -57; and γ-HPV-128). This study expands the TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1 sequence variant spectrum and implicates new HPV subtypes in the pathogenesis of typical EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mahtab Naji
- University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samantha M. Barnada
- Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology PhD Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karim Naghipoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hozhabrpour
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jason S. Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Fatemeh Vahidnezhad
- UCSC Silicon Valley Extension, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Zahra Saffarian
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Kamyab-Hesari
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niloofar Faraji
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyyede Zeinab Azimi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Namdari
- Department of Dermatology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parvin Mansouri
- Department of Research, Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivien Béziat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Shimizu A, Yamaguchi R, Kuriyama Y. Recent advances in cutaneous HPV infection. J Dermatol 2023; 50:290-298. [PMID: 36601717 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
More than 200 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been reported to date and have been associated with various dermatological diseases. Among dermatological diseases, viral verrucae are the most commonly reported to be associated with HPV. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) consists of three types: typical EV is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder with TMC6/TMC8 gene mutations, atypical EV develops due to various gene mutations that cause immunodeficiency, and acquired EV develops due to acquired immunodeficiency. Generalized verrucosis differs from EV in that it involves numerous verrucous nodules (mainly on the limbs), histopathologically no blue cells as seen in EV, and infection with cutaneous α-HPVs as well as β-HPVs. HPV-induced skin malignancies include squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) caused by β-HPV (especially HPV types 5 and 8) in EV patients, organ transplant recipients, and healthy individuals, and SCC of the vulva and nail unit caused by mucosal high-risk HPV infection. Carcinogenesis of β-HPV is associated with sunlight. Mucosal high-risk HPV-associated carcinomas may also be sexually transmitted. We focused on Bowen's disease of the nail, which has been the subject of our research for a long time and has recently come to the fore in the field of dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Reimon Yamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yuko Kuriyama
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi City, Japan
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8
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Salik D, Richert B, Smits G. Clinical and molecular diagnosis of genodermatoses: Review and perspectives. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:488-500. [PMID: 36502512 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genodermatoses are a complex and heterogeneous group of genetic skin disorders characterized by variable expression and clinical and genetic heterogeneity, rendering their diagnosis challenging. DNA-based techniques, like whole-exome sequencing, can establish a diagnosis in 50% of cases. RNA-sequencing is emerging as an attractive tool that can obtain information regarding gene expression while integrating functional genomic data with regard to the interpretation of variants. This increases the diagnostic rate by an additional 10-15%. In the present review, we detail the clinical steps involved in the diagnosis of genodermatoses, as well as the current DNA-based technologies available to clinicians. Herein, the intention is to facilitate a better understanding of the possibilities and limitations of these diagnostic technologies. In addition, this review could guide dermatologists through new emerging techniques, such as RNA-sequencing and its applications to familiarizing them with future techniques. Currently, this multi-omics approach is likely the best strategy designed to promote the diagnosis of patients with genodermatoses and discover new skin disease genes that could result in novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salik
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint-Pierre, CHU Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Richert
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint-Pierre, CHU Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB Center of Human Genetics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Harvey N, Tavasoli AR, Saeidian AH, Sotoudeh S, Varghaei A, Mahmoudi H, Mansouri P, Mozafari N, Zargari O, Zeinali S, Uitto J. Mutation update: The spectra of PLEC sequence variants and related plectinopathies. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1706-1731. [PMID: 35815343 PMCID: PMC9771971 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plectin, encoded by PLEC, is a cytoskeletal linker of intermediate filaments expressed in many cell types. Plectin consists of three main domains that determine its functionality: the N-terminal domain, the Rod domain, and the C-terminal domain. Molecular defects of PLEC correlating with the functional aspects lead to a group of rare heritable disorders, plectinopathies. These multisystem disorders include an autosomal dominant form of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS-Ogna), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), and an autosomal recessive form of EBS, which may associate with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD), pyloric atresia (EBS-PA), and/or congenital myasthenic syndrome (EBS-MyS). In this study, genotyping of over 600 Iranian patients with epidermolysis bullosa by next-generation sequencing identified 15 patients with disease-causing PLEC variants. This mutation update analyzes the clinical spectrum of PLEC in our cohort and in the literature and demonstrates the relationship between PLEC genotype and phenotypic manifestations. This study has integrated our seven novel PLEC variants and phenotypic findings with previously published data totaling 116 variants to provide the most complete overview of pathogenic PLEC variants and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nailah Harvey
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ali Reza Tavasoli
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Soheila Sotoudeh
- Department of Dermatology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Varghaei
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mansouri
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Mozafari
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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