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Do JS, Arribas-Layton D, Juan J, Garcia I, Saraswathy S, Qi M, Montero E, Reijonen H. The CD318/CD6 axis limits type 1 diabetes islet autoantigen-specific human T cell activation. J Autoimmun 2024; 146:103228. [PMID: 38642507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
CD6 is a glycoprotein expressed on CD4 and CD8 T cells involved in immunoregulation. CD318 has been identified as a CD6 ligand. The role of CD318 in T cell immunity is restricted as it has only been investigated in a few mice autoimmune models but not in human diseases. CD318 expression was thought to be limited to mesenchymal-epithelial cells and, therefore, contribute to CD6-mediated T cell activation in the CD318-expressing tissue rather than through interaction with antigen-presenting cells. Here, we report CD318 expression in a subpopulation of CD318+ myeloid dendritic (mDC), whereas the other peripheral blood populations were CD318 negative. However, CD318 can be induced by activation: a subset of monocytes treated with LPS and IFNγ and in vitro monocyte derived DCs were CD318+. We also showed that recombinant CD318 inhibited T cell function. Strikingly, CD318+ DCs suppressed the proliferation of autoreactive T cells specific for GAD65, a well-known targeted self-antigen in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Our study provides new insight into the role of the CD318/CD6 axis in the immunopathogenesis of inflammation, suggesting a novel immunoregulatory role of CD318 in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and identifying a potential novel immune checkpoint inhibitor as a target for intervention in T1D which is an unmet therapeutic need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Do
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Canada; Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.
| | - David Arribas-Layton
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Canada; Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jemily Juan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Canada; Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Isaac Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Canada; Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Sindhu Saraswathy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Canada; Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Meirigeng Qi
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Canada; Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Enrique Montero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Canada; Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Helena Reijonen
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Canada; Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.
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Borjini N, Lun Y, Jang GF, Crabb J, Chen Y, Crabb J, Fox DA, Ivanov AI, Lin F. CD6 triggers actomyosin cytoskeleton remodeling after binding to its receptor complex. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:450-462. [PMID: 37820034 PMCID: PMC10890838 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The T cell marker CD6 regulates both T cells and target cells during inflammatory responses by interacting with its receptors. However, only a few receptors binding to the extracellular domains of CD6 have been identified, and cellular events induced by CD6 engagement with its receptors in target cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified CD44 as a novel CD6 receptor by proximity labeling and confirmed the new CD6-CD44 interaction by biochemical and biophysical approaches. CD44 and the other 2 known CD6 receptors, CD166 and CDCP1, were distributed diffusely on resting retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells but clustered together to form a receptor complex upon CD6 binding. CD6 stimulation induced dramatic remodeling of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in RPE cells mediated by activation of RhoA, and Rho-associated kinase signaling, resulting in increased myosin II phosphorylation. Such actomyosin activation triggered the disassembly of tight junctions responsible for RPE barrier integrity in a process that required all components of the tripartite CD6 receptor complex. These data provided new insights into the mechanisms by which CD6 mediates T cell-driven disruption of tissue barriers during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozha Borjini
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Geen-Fu Jang
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jack Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 2210 Circle Dr Robbins Building, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - John Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
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Gurrea-Rubio M, Fox DA. The dual role of CD6 as a therapeutic target in cancer and autoimmune disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1026521. [PMID: 36275816 PMCID: PMC9579686 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1026521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease involves loss of tolerance to self-antigen, while progression of cancer reflects insufficient recognition and response of the immune system to malignant cells. Patients with immune compromised conditions tend to be more susceptible to cancer development. On the other hand, cancer treatments, especially checkpoint inhibitor therapies, can induce severe autoimmune syndromes. There is recent evidence that autoimmunity and cancer share molecular targets and pathways that may be dysregulated in both types of diseases. Therefore, there has been an increased focus on understanding these biological pathways that link cancer and its treatment with the appearance of autoimmunity. In this review, we hope to consolidate our understanding of current and emerging molecular targets used to treat both cancer and autoimmunity, with a special focus on Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 6.
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