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Ferecskó AS, Smallwood MJ, Moore A, Liddle C, Newcombe J, Holley J, Whatmore J, Gutowski NJ, Eggleton P. STING-Triggered CNS Inflammation in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051375. [PMID: 37239045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some neurodegenerative diseases have an element of neuroinflammation that is triggered by viral nucleic acids, resulting in the generation of type I interferons. In the cGAS-STING pathway, microbial and host-derived DNA bind and activate the DNA sensor cGAS, and the resulting cyclic dinucleotide, 2'3-cGAMP, binds to a critical adaptor protein, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which leads to activation of downstream pathway components. However, there is limited work demonstrating the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in human neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS Post-mortem CNS tissue from donors with multiple sclerosis (n = 4), Alzheimer's disease (n = 6), Parkinson's disease (n = 3), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 3) and non-neurodegenerative controls (n = 11) were screened by immunohistochemistry for STING and relevant protein aggregates (e.g., amyloid-β, α-synuclein, TDP-43). Human brain endothelial cells were cultured and stimulated with the STING agonist palmitic acid (1-400 μM) and assessed for mitochondrial stress (release of mitochondrial DNA into cytosol, increased oxygen consumption), downstream regulator factors, TBK-1/pIRF3 and inflammatory biomarker interferon-β release and changes in ICAM-1 integrin expression. RESULTS In neurodegenerative brain diseases, elevated STING protein was observed mainly in brain endothelial cells and neurons, compared to non-neurodegenerative control tissues where STING protein staining was weaker. Interestingly, a higher STING presence was associated with toxic protein aggregates (e.g., in neurons). Similarly high STING protein levels were observed within acute demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis subjects. To understand non-microbial/metabolic stress activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, brain endothelial cells were treated with palmitic acid. This evoked mitochondrial respiratory stress up to a ~2.5-fold increase in cellular oxygen consumption. Palmitic acid induced a statistically significant increase in cytosolic DNA leakage from endothelial cell mitochondria (Mander's coefficient; p < 0.05) and a significant increase in TBK-1, phosphorylated transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3, cGAS and cell surface ICAM. In addition, a dose response in the secretion of interferon-β was observed, but it failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The histological evidence shows that the common cGAS-STING pathway appears to be activated in endothelial and neural cells in all four neurodegenerative diseases examined. Together with the in vitro data, this suggests that the STING pathway might be activated via perturbation of mitochondrial stress and DNA leakage, resulting in downstream neuroinflammation; hence, this pathway may be a target for future STING therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Ferecskó
- UCB Pharma, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Miranda J Smallwood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | | | - Corin Liddle
- Bioimaging Unit, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Jia Newcombe
- NeuroResource, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Janet Holley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Jacqueline Whatmore
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Nicholas J Gutowski
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Paul Eggleton
- UCB Pharma, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
- Revolo Biotherapeutics, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
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2
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Agellon LB. Importance of fatty acid binding proteins in cellular function and organismal metabolism. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 28:e17703. [PMID: 36876733 PMCID: PMC10902576 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (Fabps) are small soluble proteins that are abundant in the cytosol. These proteins are known to bind a myriad of small hydrophobic molecules and have been postulated to serve a variety of roles, yet their precise functions have remained an enigma over half a century of study. Here, we consider recent findings, along with the cumulative findings contributed by many laboratories working on Fabps over the last half century, to synthesize a new outlook for what functions Fabps serve in cells and organisms. Collectively, the findings illustrate that Fabps function as versatile multi-purpose devices serving as sensors, conveyors and modulators to enable cells to detect and handle a specific class of metabolites, and to adjust their metabolic capacity and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Calnexin, More Than Just a Molecular Chaperone. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030403. [PMID: 36766745 PMCID: PMC9913998 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calnexin is a type I integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein with an N-terminal domain that resides in the lumen of the ER and a C-terminal domain that extends into the cytosol. Calnexin is commonly referred to as a molecular chaperone involved in the folding and quality control of membrane-associated and secreted proteins, a function that is attributed to its ER- localized domain with a structure that bears a strong resemblance to another luminal ER chaperone and Ca2+-binding protein known as calreticulin. Studies have discovered that the cytosolic C-terminal domain of calnexin undergoes distinct post-translational modifications and interacts with a variety of proteins. Here, we discuss recent findings and hypothesize that the post-translational modifications of the calnexin C-terminal domain and its interaction with specific cytosolic proteins play a role in coordinating ER functions with events taking place in the cytosol and other cellular compartments.
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4
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Sun H, Wu M, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhu J. The regulatory role of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone proteins in neurodevelopment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1032607. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1032607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest tubular reticular organelle spanning the cell. As the main site of protein synthesis, Ca2+ homeostasis maintenance and lipid metabolism, the ER plays a variety of essential roles in eukaryotic cells, with ER molecular chaperones participate in all these processes. In recent years, it has been reported that the abnormal expression of ER chaperones often leads to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including abnormal neuronal migration, neuronal morphogenesis, and synaptic function. Neuronal development is a complex and precisely regulated process. Currently, the mechanism by which neural development is regulated at the ER level remains under investigation. Therefore, in this work, we reviewed the recent advances in the roles of ER chaperones in neural development and developmental disorders caused by the deficiency of these molecular chaperones.
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Matsukawa H, Ikezaki M, Nishioka K, Iwahashi N, Fujimoto M, Nishitsuji K, Ihara Y, Ino K. Calnexin Is Involved in Forskolin-induced Syncytialization in Cytotrophoblast Model BeWo Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081050. [PMID: 36008943 PMCID: PMC9405722 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calnexin (CNX), a membrane-bound molecular chaperone, is involved in protein folding and quality control of nascent glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. We previously suggested critical roles of calreticulin, a functional paralogue of CNX, in placentation, including invasion of extravillous trophoblasts and syncytialization of cytotrophoblasts. However, the roles of CNX in placentation are unclear. In human choriocarcinoma BeWo cells, which serve as an experimental model of syncytialization, CNX knockdown suppressed forskolin-induced cell fusion and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) induction. Cell-surface luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor, a β-hCG receptor, was significantly down-regulated in CNX-knockdown cells, which suggested the presence of a dysfunctional autocrine loop of β-hCG up-regulation. In this study, we also found abundant CNX expression in normal human placentas. Collectively, our results revealed the critical role of CNX in the syncytialization-related signaling in a villous trophoblast model and suggest a link between CNX expression and placenta development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsukawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (H.M.); (K.N.); (N.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Kaho Nishioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (H.M.); (K.N.); (N.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Naoyuki Iwahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (H.M.); (K.N.); (N.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Masakazu Fujimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-73-441-0628
| | - Kazuhiko Ino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (H.M.); (K.N.); (N.I.); (K.I.)
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Videla Rodriguez EA, Pértille F, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Mitchell JBO, Jensen P, Smith VA. Practical application of a Bayesian network approach to poultry epigenetics and stress. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:261. [PMID: 35778683 PMCID: PMC9250184 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Relationships among genetic or epigenetic features can be explored by learning probabilistic networks and unravelling the dependencies among a set of given genetic/epigenetic features. Bayesian networks (BNs) consist of nodes that represent the variables and arcs that represent the probabilistic relationships between the variables. However, practical guidance on how to make choices among the wide array of possibilities in Bayesian network analysis is limited. Our study aimed to apply a BN approach, while clearly laying out our analysis choices as an example for future researchers, in order to provide further insights into the relationships among epigenetic features and a stressful condition in chickens (Gallus gallus). Results Chickens raised under control conditions (n = 22) and chickens exposed to a social isolation protocol (n = 24) were used to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs). A total of 60 DMRs were selected by a threshold, after bioinformatic pre-processing and analysis. The treatment was included as a binary variable (control = 0; stress = 1). Thereafter, a BN approach was applied: initially, a pre-filtering test was used for identifying pairs of features that must not be included in the process of learning the structure of the network; then, the average probability values for each arc of being part of the network were calculated; and finally, the arcs that were part of the consensus network were selected. The structure of the BN consisted of 47 out of 61 features (60 DMRs and the stressful condition), displaying 43 functional relationships. The stress condition was connected to two DMRs, one of them playing a role in tight and adhesive intracellular junctions in organs such as ovary, intestine, and brain. Conclusions We clearly explain our steps in making each analysis choice, from discrete BN models to final generation of a consensus network from multiple model averaging searches. The epigenetic BN unravelled functional relationships among the DMRs, as well as epigenetic features in close association with the stressful condition the chickens were exposed to. The DMRs interacting with the stress condition could be further explored in future studies as possible biomarkers of stress in poultry species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04800-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Pértille
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Institute of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Institute of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - John B O Mitchell
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - V Anne Smith
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK.
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GANAB as a Novel Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis: Correlation with Neuroinflammation and IFI35. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111195. [PMID: 34832977 PMCID: PMC8625565 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) still lacks reliable biomarkers of neuroinflammation predictive for disease activity and treatment response. Thus, in a prospective study we assessed 55 MS patients (28 interferon (IFN)-treated, 10 treated with no-IFN therapies, 17 untreated) and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs) for the putative correlation of the densitometric expression of glucosidase II alpha subunit (GANAB) with clinical/paraclinical parameters and with interferon-induced protein 35 (IFI35). We also assessed the disease progression in terms of the Rio Score (RS) in order to distinguish the responder patients to IFN therapy (RS = 0) from the non-responder ones (RS ≥ 1). We found GANAB to be 2.51-fold downregulated in the IFN-treated group with respect to the untreated one (p < 0.0001) and 3.39-fold downregulated in responder patients compared to the non-responders (p < 0.0001). GANAB correlated directly with RS (r = 0.8088, p < 0.0001) and lesion load (LL) (r = 0.5824, p = 0.0014) in the IFN-treated group and inversely with disease duration (DD) (r = −0.6081, p = 0.0096) in the untreated one. Lower mean values were expressed for GANAB than IFI35 in IFN responder (p < 0.0001) and higher mean values in the non-responder patients (p = 0.0022). Inverse correlations were also expressed with IFI35 in the overall patient population (r = −0.6468, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the modular expression of GANAB reflects IFI35, RS, DD, and LL values, making it a biomarker of neuroinflammation that is predictive for disease activity and treatment response in MS.
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CD20 positive CD8 T cells are a unique and transcriptionally-distinct subset of T cells with distinct transmigration properties. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20499. [PMID: 34654826 PMCID: PMC8520003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of T cells that are dimly positive for the B cell marker CD20 is well-established in autoimmunity and correlates with disease severity in various diseases. Further, we previously identified that the level of CD20-positive T cells was three-fourfold elevated in ascites fluid of ovarian carcinoma patients, together suggesting a role in both autoimmunity and cancer. In this respect, treatment of autoimmune patients with the CD20-targeting antibody Rituximab has also been shown to target and deplete CD20-positive T cells, previously identified as IFN-gamma producing, low proliferative, CD8 cytotoxic T cells with an effector memory (EM) differentiation state. However, the exact phenotype and relevance of CD20-positive T cells remains unclear. Here, we set out to identify the transcriptomic profile of CD20-positive T cells using RNA sequencing. Further, to gain insight into potential functional properties of CD20 expression in T cells, CD20 was ectopically expressed on healthy human T cells and phenotypic, functional, migratory and adhesive properties were determined in vitro and in vivo. Together, these assays revealed a reduced transmigration and an enhanced adhesive profile combined with an enhanced activation status for CD20-positive T cells.
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9
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Agellon LB, Michalak M. A View of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Through the Calreticulin Lens. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1-11. [PMID: 34050859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin is well known as an ER-resident protein that serves as the major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ binding protein. This protein has been the major topic of discussion in an international workshop that has been meeting for a quarter of a century. In sharing information about this protein, the field also witnessed remarkable insights into the importance of the ER as an organelle and the role of ER Ca2+ in coordinating ER and cellular functions. Recent technological advances have helped to uncover the contributions of calreticulin in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER and to unravel its involvement in a multitude of cellular processes as highlighted in this collection of articles. The continuing revelations of unexpected involvement of calreticulin and Ca2+ in many critical aspects of cellular function promises to further improve insights into the significance of this protein in the promotion of physiology as well as prevention of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada.
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Paskevicius T, Jung J, Pujol M, Eggleton P, Qin W, Robinson A, Gutowski N, Holley J, Smallwood M, Newcombe J, Zochodne D, Chen XZ, Tang J, Kraus A, Michalak M, Agellon LB. The Fabp5/calnexin complex is a prerequisite for sensitization of mice to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FASEB J 2020; 34:16662-16675. [PMID: 33124722 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001539rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that calnexin (Canx)-deficient mice are desensitized to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction, a model that is frequently used to study inflammatory demyelinating diseases, due to increased resistance of the blood-brain barrier to immune cell transmigration. We also discovered that Fabp5, an abundant cytoplasmic lipid-binding protein found in brain endothelial cells, makes protein-protein contact with the cytoplasmic C-tail domain of Canx. Remarkably, both Canx-deficient and Fabp5-deficient mice commonly manifest resistance to EAE induction. Here, we evaluated the importance of Fabp5/Canx interactions on EAE pathogenesis and on the patency of a model blood-brain barrier to T-cell transcellular migration. The results demonstrate that formation of a complex comprised of Fabp5 and the C-tail domain of Canx dictates the permeability of the model blood-brain barrier to immune cells and is also a prerequisite for EAE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Myriam Pujol
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Eggleton
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Wenying Qin
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alison Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nick Gutowski
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Janet Holley
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Miranda Smallwood
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jia Newcombe
- NeuroResource, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas Zochodne
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Allison Kraus
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Gutiérrez T, Qi H, Yap MC, Tahbaz N, Milburn LA, Lucchinetti E, Lou PH, Zaugg M, LaPointe PG, Mercier P, Overduin M, Bischof H, Burgstaller S, Malli R, Ballanyi K, Shuai J, Simmen T. The ER chaperone calnexin controls mitochondrial positioning and respiration. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/638/eaax6660. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax6660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) control the flux of Ca2+ ions into mitochondria, thereby increasing or decreasing the energetic output of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. An example is the abundant ER lectin calnexin, which interacts with sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). We found that calnexin stimulated the ATPase activity of SERCA by maintaining its redox state. This function enabled calnexin to control how much ER Ca2+ was available for mitochondria, a key determinant for mitochondrial bioenergetics. Calnexin-deficient cells compensated for the loss of this function by partially shifting energy generation to the glycolytic pathway. These cells also showed closer apposition between the ER and mitochondria. Calnexin therefore controls the cellular energy balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Hong Qi
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Megan C. Yap
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Nasser Tahbaz
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Leanne A. Milburn
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Eliana Lucchinetti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Phing-How Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paul G. LaPointe
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Pascal Mercier
- Department of Biochemistry and National Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre (Nanuc), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry and National Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre (Nanuc), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Helmut Bischof
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Burgstaller
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Ballanyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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12
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田 格, 赵 明, 周 骏, 权 月, 吴 文, 刘 小. [The potential role of calnexin in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2020; 37:450-459. [PMID: 32597087 PMCID: PMC10319564 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Calnexin is a lectin-like molecular chaperone protein on the endoplasmic reticulum, mediating unfolded protein responses, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ homeostasis, and Ca 2+ signals conduction. In recent years, studies have found that calnexin plays a key role in the heart diseases. This study aims to explore the role of calnexin in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts. A transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model was established to observe the activation of cardiac fibroblasts in vivo, and the in vitro cardiac fibroblasts activation model was established by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. The adenovirus was respectively used to gene overexpression and silencing calnexin in cardiac fibroblasts to elucidate the relationship between calnexin and cardiac fibroblasts activation, as well as the possible underlying mechanism. We confirmed the establishment of TAC model by echocardiography, hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and Sirius red staining, and detecting the expression of cardiac fibrosis markers in cardiac tissues. After TGFβ1 stimulation, markers of the activation of cardiac fibroblast, and proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblast were detected by quantitative PCR, Western blot, EdU assay, and wound healing assay respectively. The results showed that the calnexin expression was reduced in both the TAC mice model and the activated cardiac fibroblasts. The overexpression of calnexin relieved cardiac fibroblasts activation, in contrast, the silencing of calnexin promoted cardiac fibroblasts activation. Furthermore, we found that the endoplasmic reticulum stress was activated during cardiac fibroblasts activation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress was relieved after overexpression of calnexin. Conversely, after the silencing of calnexin, endoplasmic reticulum stress was further aggravated, accompanying with the activation of cardiac fibroblasts. Our data suggest that the overexpression of calnexin may prevent cardiac fibroblasts against activation by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- 格尔 田
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 明月 赵
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 骏腾 周
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 月 权
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 文超 吴
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 小菁 刘
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
- 四川大学华西医院 心内科(成都 610041)Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
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Moore L, Eggleton P, Smerdon G, Newcombe J, Holley JE, Gutowski NJ, Smallwood M. Engagement of people with multiple sclerosis to enhance research into the physiological effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 43:102084. [PMID: 32442882 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have used self-administered oxygen therapy in the UK. Clinical trials have been performed, with scant evidence that people with MS have been consulted to explore how they benefit from or how to optimize this treatment. The conventional MS disease disability scores used in trials seldom reflect the effects individuals report when using oxygen therapy to treat their symptoms. METHODS Three people with MS and the manager of an MS Centre formed a public involvement group and collaborated with clinicians and scientists to inform a lab-based study to investigate the physiological effects of oxygen therapy on microvascular brain endothelial cells. RESULTS People with MS often use oxygen therapy at a later stage when their symptoms worsen and only after using other treatments. The frequency of oxygen therapy sessions and hyperbaric pressure is individualized and varies for people with MS. Despite direct comparisons of efficacy proving difficult, most individuals are exposed to 100% O2 at 1.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA; 1140 mmHg absolute) for 60 min. In a laboratory-based study human brain endothelial cells were exposed in vitro to 152 mmHg O2 for 60 min with and without pressure, as this equates to 20% O2 achievable via hyperbarics, which was then replicated at atmospheric pressure. A significant reduction in endothelial cells ICAM-1 (CD54) implicated in inflammatory cell margination across the blood brain barrier was observed under oxygen treatment. CONCLUSIONS By collaborating with people living with MS, we were able to design laboratory-based experimental protocols that replicate their treatment regimens to advance our understanding of the physiological effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on brain cells and their role in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Moore
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine & Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul Eggleton
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine & Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
| | - Gary Smerdon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine & Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; DDRC Healthcare, Hyperbaric Medical Centre, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jia Newcombe
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine & Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; NeuroResource, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janet E Holley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine & Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicholas J Gutowski
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine & Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Miranda Smallwood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine & Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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