1
|
Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 commits human mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into chondrocytes via endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279584. [PMID: 36548354 PMCID: PMC9778607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into chondrocytes. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is differentially expressed during chondrogenic differentiation and can be produced by MSC. EBI3 is also a subunit of interleukin (IL)-27 and IL-35, and it accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when its partners, such as IL-27 p28 and IL-35 p35, are insufficient. ER stress induced by protein accumulation is responsible for chondrogenic differentiation. However, the role of EBI3 and its relevance to the ER stress in chondrogenic differentiation of MSC have never been addressed. Here, we demonstrate that EBI3 protein is expressed in the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation of MSC. Additionally, knockdown, overexpression, or induction of EBI3 through IL-1β inhibits chondrogenesis. We show that EBI3 localizes and accumulates in the ER of MSC after overexpression or induction by IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid decreases its accumulation in MSC. Moreover, EBI3 modulates ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) after induced by IL-1β, and MSC-like cells coexpress EBI3 and IRE1α in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue. Altogether, these data demonstrate that intracellular EBI3 commits to chondrogenic differentiation by regulating ER stress sensor IRE1α.
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng J, Wu Y. Interleukin-35 ameliorates cardiovascular disease by suppressing inflammatory responses and regulating immune homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108938. [PMID: 35759811 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune response is of great significance in the initiation and progression of a diversity of cardiovascular diseases involving pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a cytokine of the interleukin-12 family, is a novel anti-inflammation and immunosuppressive cytokine, maintaining inflammatory suppression and regulating immune homeostasis. The role of IL-35 in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has aroused enthusiastic attention, a diversity of experimental or clinical evidence has indicated that IL-35 potentially has a pivot role in protecting against cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis and myocarditis. In this review, we initiate an overview of the relationship between Interleukin-35 and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, aortic dissection and myocarditis. Although the specific molecular mechanisms entailing the protective effects of IL-35 remain an unsolved issue, targeted therapies with IL-35 might provide a promising and effective solution to prevent and cure cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hildenbrand K, Aschenbrenner I, Franke FC, Devergne O, Feige MJ. Biogenesis and engineering of interleukin 12 family cytokines. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:936-949. [PMID: 35691784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family cytokines are secreted proteins that regulate immune responses. Each family member is a heterodimer and nature uses shared building blocks to assemble the functionally distinct IL-12 cytokines. In recent years we have gained insights into the molecular principles and cellular regulation of IL-12 family biogenesis. For each of the family members, generally one subunit depends on its partner to acquire its native structure and be secreted from immune cells. If unpaired, molecular chaperones retain these subunits in cells. This allows cells to regulate and control secretion of the highly potent IL-12 family cytokines. Molecular insights gained into IL-12 family biogenesis, structure, and function now allow us to engineer IL-12 family cytokines to develop novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hildenbrand
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian C Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Odile Devergne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 75 013 Paris, France.
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Watanabe A, Mizoguchi I, Hasegawa H, Katahira Y, Inoue S, Sakamoto E, Furusaka Y, Sekine A, Miyakawa S, Murakami F, Xu M, Yoneto T, Yoshimoto T. A Chaperone-Like Role for EBI3 in Collaboration With Calnexin Under Inflammatory Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757669. [PMID: 34603342 PMCID: PMC8484754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6)/IL-12 family of cytokines plays critical roles in the induction and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Among the various cytokines, only this family has the unique characteristic of being composed of two distinct subunits, α- and β-subunits, which form a heterodimer with subunits that occur in other cytokines as well. Recently, we found a novel intracellular role for one of the α-subunits, Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), in promoting the proper folding of target proteins and augmenting its expression at the protein level by binding to its target protein and a well-characterized lectin chaperone, calnexin, presumably through enhancing chaperone activity. Because calnexin is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed but EBI3 expression is inducible, these results could open an avenue to establish a new paradigm in which EBI3 plays an important role in further increasing the expression of target molecules at the protein level in collaboration with calnexin under inflammatory conditions. This theory well accounts for the heterodimer formation of EBI3 with p28, and probably with p35 and p19 to produce IL-27, IL-35, and IL-39, respectively. In line with this concept, another β-subunit, p40, plays a critical role in the assembly-induced proper folding of p35 and p19 to produce IL-12 and IL-23, respectively. Thus, chaperone-like activities in proper folding and maturation, which allow the secretion of biologically active heterodimeric cytokines, have recently been highlighted. This review summarizes the current understanding of chaperone-like activities of EBI3 to form heterodimers and other associations together with their possible biological implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aruma Watanabe
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katahira
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Inoue
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakamoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma Furusaka
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Sekine
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Miyakawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Murakami
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mingli Xu
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yoneto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jog NR, James JA. Epstein Barr Virus and Autoimmune Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:623944. [PMID: 33613559 PMCID: PMC7886683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.623944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease. Infections or infectious reactivation are potential triggers for initiation of autoimmunity and for SLE flares. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is gamma herpes virus that has been associated with several autoimmune diseases such as SLE, multiple sclerosis, Sjogren’s syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances regarding how EBV may contribute to immune dysregulation, and how these mechanisms may relate to SLE disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi R Jog
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|