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Liu Y, Wang Y, Huang G, Wu S, Liu X, Chen S, Luo P, Liu C, Zuo X. The role of leukocytes in myeloproliferative neoplasm thromboinflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1020-1028. [PMID: 38527797 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Classic myeloproliferative neoplasms lacking the Philadelphia chromosome are stem cell disorders characterized by the proliferation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow and increased counts of peripheral blood cells. The occurrence of thrombotic events is a common complication in myeloproliferative neoplasms. The heightened levels of cytokines play a substantial role in the morbidity and mortality of these patients, establishing a persistent proinflammatory condition that culminates in thrombosis. The etiology of thrombosis remains intricate and multifaceted, involving blood cells and endothelial dysfunction, the inflammatory state, and the coagulation cascade, leading to hypercoagulability. Leukocytes play a pivotal role in the thromboinflammatory process of myeloproliferative neoplasms by releasing various proinflammatory and prothrombotic factors as well as interacting with other cells, which contributes to the amplification of the clotting cascade and subsequent thrombosis. The correlation between increased leukocyte counts and thrombotic risk has been established. However, there is a need for an accurate biomarker to assess leukocyte activation. Lastly, tailored treatments to address the thrombotic risk in myeloproliferative neoplasms are needed. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the potential mechanisms of leukocyte involvement in myeloproliferative neoplasm thromboinflammation, propose potential biomarkers for leukocyte activation, and discuss promising treatment options for controlling myeloproliferative neoplasm thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, Department of Pathology & Laboratory, Medicine UT Health San Antonio, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Sanyun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuelan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
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Torres DG, Paes J, da Costa AG, Malheiro A, Silva GV, Mourão LPDS, Tarragô AM. JAK2 Variant Signaling: Genetic, Hematologic and Immune Implication in Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Biomolecules 2022; 12:291. [PMID: 35204792 PMCID: PMC8961666 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The JAK2V617F variant constitutes a genetic alteration of higher frequency in BCR/ABL1 negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, which is caused by a substitution of a G ˃ T at position 1849 and results in the substitution of valine with phenylalanine at codon 617 of the polypeptide chain. Clinical, morphological and molecular genetic features define the diagnosis criteria of polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. Currently, JAK2V617F is associated with clonal hematopoiesis, genomic instability, dysregulations in hemostasis and immune response. JAK2V617F clones induce an inflammatory immune response and lead to a process of immunothrombosis. Recent research has shown great interest in trying to understand the mechanisms associated with JAK2V617F signaling and activation of cellular and molecular responses that progressively contribute to the development of inflammatory and vascular conditions in association with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Thus, the aim of this review is to describe the main genetic, hematological and immunological findings that are linked to JAK2 variant signaling in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania G. Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69850-000, AM, Brazil; (D.G.T.); (J.P.); (A.G.d.C.); (A.M.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Jhemerson Paes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69850-000, AM, Brazil; (D.G.T.); (J.P.); (A.G.d.C.); (A.M.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Allyson G. da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69850-000, AM, Brazil; (D.G.T.); (J.P.); (A.G.d.C.); (A.M.); (G.V.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69850-000, AM, Brazil; (D.G.T.); (J.P.); (A.G.d.C.); (A.M.); (G.V.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil
| | - George V. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69850-000, AM, Brazil; (D.G.T.); (J.P.); (A.G.d.C.); (A.M.); (G.V.S.)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz–Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (Fiocruz), Manaus 69027-070, AM, Brazil
- Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Amazonas (FCECON), Manaus 69040-010, AM, Brazil
| | - Lucivana P. de Souza Mourão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69850-000, AM, Brazil; (D.G.T.); (J.P.); (A.G.d.C.); (A.M.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Andréa M. Tarragô
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69850-000, AM, Brazil; (D.G.T.); (J.P.); (A.G.d.C.); (A.M.); (G.V.S.)
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (FHEMOAM), Manaus 69050-001, AM, Brazil
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Marković D, Maslovarić I, Djikić D, Čokić VP. Neutrophil Death in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Shedding More Light on Neutrophils as a Pathogenic Link to Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1490. [PMID: 35163413 PMCID: PMC8836089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are an essential component of the innate immune response, but their prolonged activation can lead to chronic inflammation. Consequently, neutrophil homeostasis is tightly regulated through balance between granulopoiesis and clearance of dying cells. The bone marrow is both a site of neutrophil production and the place they return to and die. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by the mutations in three types of molecular markers, with emphasis on Janus kinase 2 gene mutation (JAK2V617F). The MPN bone marrow stem cell niche is a site of chronic inflammation, with commonly increased cells of myeloid lineage, including neutrophils. The MPN neutrophils are characterized by the upregulation of JAK target genes. Additionally, MPN neutrophils display malignant nature, they are in a state of activation, and with deregulated apoptotic machinery. In other words, neutrophils deserve to be placed in the midst of major events in MPN. Our crucial interest in this review is better understanding of how neutrophils die in MPN mirrored by defects in apoptosis and to what possible extent they can contribute to MPN pathophysiology. We tend to expect that reduced neutrophil apoptosis will establish a pathogenic link to chronic inflammation in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Marković
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Irina Maslovarić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dragoslava Djikić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (V.P.Č.)
| | - Vladan P. Čokić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (V.P.Č.)
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