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Zhu J, Guérineau H, Lefebvre-Fortané AM, Largeaud L, Lambert J, Rousselot P, Boudouin M, Calvo J, Prost S, Clauser S, Bardet V. The AXL inhibitor bemcentinib overcomes microenvironment-mediated resistance to pioglitazone in acute myeloid leukemia. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 39325663 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poor especially in older patients who are ineligible for standard chemotherapy or have refractory disease. Here, we study the potential of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist pioglitazone to improve the treatment of AML. We show that pioglitazone exerts an anti-proliferative and anti-clonogenic effect on AML cell lines KG-1a, MOLM-14 and OCI-AML3 and on primary cultures from AML patients. However, co-culture of AML cells with stromal cells mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment counteracts this effect, suggesting the existence of a stroma-mediated resistance mechanism to pioglitazone. We show that pioglitazone treatment upregulates the receptor AXL in AML cells at the mRNA and protein level, allowing AXL to be phosphorylated by its ligand Gas6, which is secreted by the stroma. Addition of exogenous Gas6 or stromal cell conditioned medium also abolishes the anti-proliferative effect of pioglitazone, with an increase in AXL phosphorylation observed in both conditions. Co-incubation with the AXL inhibitor bemcentinib restored the anti-leukemic activity of pioglitazone in the presence of stromal cells by reducing AXL phosphorylation to its baseline level. We also confirm that this resistance mechanism is PPAR-γ-dependent as stromal cells invalidated for PPAR-γ are unable to inhibit the antileukemic effect of pioglitazone. Altogether, we suggest that pioglitazone treatment exerts an anti-leukemic effect but concomitantly triggers a stroma-mediated resistance mechanism involving the Gas6/AXL axis. We demonstrate that a combination of pioglitazone with an AXL inhibitor overcomes this mechanism in primary cultures and AML cell lines and exerts potent anti-leukemic activity requiring further evaluation in vivo through murine xenograft pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaja Zhu
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Applications Thérapeutiques, UMR INSERM 1184, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Service d'Hématologie-Immunologie-Transfusion, AP-HP. Université Paris-Saclay, CHU Ambroise Paré, Université Versailles-Saint Quentin-Université Paris-Saclay, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Hippolyte Guérineau
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Applications Thérapeutiques, UMR INSERM 1184, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Margaux Lefebvre-Fortané
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Applications Thérapeutiques, UMR INSERM 1184, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Laetitia Largeaud
- Service d'Hématologie-Immunologie-Transfusion, AP-HP. Université Paris-Saclay, CHU Ambroise Paré, Université Versailles-Saint Quentin-Université Paris-Saclay, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Juliette Lambert
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Applications Thérapeutiques, UMR INSERM 1184, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Service d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier André Mignot, Université Versailles Saint Quentin-Université Paris Saclay, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Philippe Rousselot
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Applications Thérapeutiques, UMR INSERM 1184, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Service d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier André Mignot, Université Versailles Saint Quentin-Université Paris Saclay, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Maèva Boudouin
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Applications Thérapeutiques, UMR INSERM 1184, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Calvo
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Applications Thérapeutiques, UMR INSERM 1184, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphane Prost
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Applications Thérapeutiques, UMR INSERM 1184, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Sylvain Clauser
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Applications Thérapeutiques, UMR INSERM 1184, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Service d'Hématologie-Immunologie-Transfusion, AP-HP. Université Paris-Saclay, CHU Ambroise Paré, Université Versailles-Saint Quentin-Université Paris-Saclay, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Valérie Bardet
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Applications Thérapeutiques, UMR INSERM 1184, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Service d'Hématologie-Immunologie-Transfusion, AP-HP. Université Paris-Saclay, CHU Ambroise Paré, Université Versailles-Saint Quentin-Université Paris-Saclay, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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Miguel V, Alcalde-Estévez E, Sirera B, Rodríguez-Pascual F, Lamas S. Metabolism and bioenergetics in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:85-105. [PMID: 38838921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the tissue scarring characterized by excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, mainly collagens. A fibrotic response can take place in any tissue of the body and is the result of an imbalanced reaction to inflammation and wound healing. Metabolism has emerged as a major driver of fibrotic diseases. While glycolytic shifts appear to be a key metabolic switch in activated stromal ECM-producing cells, several other cell types such as immune cells, whose functions are intricately connected to their metabolic characteristics, form a complex network of pro-fibrotic cellular crosstalk. This review purports to clarify shared and particular cellular responses and mechanisms across organs and etiologies. We discuss the impact of the cell-type specific metabolic reprogramming in fibrotic diseases in both experimental and human pathology settings, providing a rationale for new therapeutic interventions based on metabolism-targeted antifibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Alcalde-Estévez
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Belén Sirera
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Pascual
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Calledda FR, Malara A, Balduini A. Inflammation and bone marrow fibrosis: novel immunotherapeutic targets. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:237-244. [PMID: 37548363 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myelofibrosis (MF) is primarily driven by constitutive activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer of activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. While JAK inhibitors have shown to alleviate disease symptoms, their disease-modifying effects in MF are limited. The only curative treatment remains allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which can be applied to a minority of patients. As a result, there is a need to explore novel targets in MF to facilitate appropriate drug development and therapeutic pathways. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has focused on identifying novel signals that contribute to the abnormal cross-talk between hematopoietic and stromal cells, which promotes MF and disease progression. Inflammation and immune dysregulation have emerged as key drivers of both the initiation and progression of MF. A growing number of actionable targets has been identified, including cytokines, transcription factors, signalling networks and cell surface-associated molecules. These targets exhibit dysfunctions in malignant and nonmalignant hematopoietic cells, but also in nonhematopoietic cells of the bone marrow. The study of these inflammation-related molecules, in preclinical models and MF patient's samples, is providing novel therapeutic targets. SUMMARY The identification of immunotherapeutic targets is expanding the therapeutic landscape of MF. This review provides a summary of the most recent advancements in the study of immunotherapeutic targets in MF.
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Guijarro-Hernández A, Eder-Azanza L, Hurtado C, Navarro-Herrera D, Ezcurra B, Novo FJ, Cabello J, Vizmanos JL. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals JAK2/MPL-Independent Effects of Calreticulin Mutations in a C. elegans Model. Cells 2023; 12:186. [PMID: 36611979 PMCID: PMC9818371 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are disorders in which multiple molecular mechanisms are significantly disturbed. Since their discovery, CALR driver mutations have been demonstrated to trigger pathogenic mechanisms apart from the well-documented activation of JAK2/MPL-related pathways, but the lack of experimental models harboring CALR mutations in a JAK2/MPL knockout background has hindered the research on these non-canonical mechanisms. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was performed to introduce homozygous patient-like calreticulin mutations in a C. elegans model that naturally lacks JAK2 and MPL orthologs. Whole-genome transcriptomic analysis of these worms was conducted, and some of the genes identified to be associated with processes involved in the pathogenesis of MPNs were further validated by qPCR. Some of the transcriptomic alterations corresponded to typically altered genes and processes in cancer and Ph-negative MPN patients that are known to be triggered by mutant calreticulin without the intervention of JAK2/MPL. However, interestingly, we have also found altered other processes described in these diseases that had not been directly attributed to calreticulin mutations without the intervention of JAK2 or MPL. Thus, these results point to a new experimental model for the study of the JAK2/MPL-independent mechanisms of mutant calreticulin that induce these biological alterations, which could be useful to study unknown non-canonical effects of the mutant protein. The comparison with a calreticulin null strain revealed that the alteration of all of these processes seems to be a consequence of a loss of function of mutant calreticulin in the worm, except for the dysregulation of Hedgehog signaling and flh-3. Further analysis of this model could help to delineate these mechanisms, and the verification of these results in mammalian models may unravel new potential therapeutic targets in MPNs. As far as we know, this is the first time that a C. elegans strain with patient-like mutations is proposed as a potential model for leukemia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guijarro-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Eder-Azanza
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hurtado
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Navarro-Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Begoña Ezcurra
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Novo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Cabello
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - José Luis Vizmanos
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Chen X, Zhu X, Dong J, Chen F, Gao Q, Zhang L, Cai D, Dong H, Ruan B, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Cao W. Reversal of Epigenetic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Suppression by Diacerein Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Osteoarthritis in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:40-53. [PMID: 35196878 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by oxidative stress (OS) and sustained inflammation that are substantially associated with epigenetic DNA methylation alterations of osteogenic gene expression. Diacerein as an anthraquinone anti-OA drug exhibits multiple chondroprotective properties, but less clarified pharmacological actions. Since anthraquinone contain an epigenetic modulating property, in this study we investigate whether the anti-OA functions of diacerein involve DNA methylation modulation and antioxidant signaling. Results: The OA mice incurred by destabilization of medial meniscus exhibited marked suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), a chondroprotective transcription factor with anti-inflammation and OS-balancing properties, aberrant upregulations of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1/3a, and PPARγ promoter hypermethylation in knee joint cartilage. Diacerein treatment mitigated the cartilage damage and significantly inhibited the DNMT1/3a upregulation, the PPARγ promoter hypermethylation, and the PPARγ loss, and it effectively corrected the adverse expression of antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines. In cultured chondrocytes, diacerein reduced the interleukin-1β-induced PPARγ suppression and the abnormal expression of its downstream antioxidant enzymes in a gain of DNMT and PPARγ inhibition-sensitive manner, and in PPARγ knockout mice, the anti-OA effects of diacerein were significantly reduced. Innovation: Our work reveals a novel anti-OA pharmacological property of diacerein and identifies the aberrant DNMT elevation and the resultant PPARγ suppression as an important epigenetic pathway that mediates diacerein's anti-OA activities. Conclusion: DNA methylation aberration and the resultant PPARγ suppression contribute significantly to epigenetic OA pathogenesis, and targeting PPARγ suppression via DNA demethylation is an important component of diacerein's anti-OA functions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 40-53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingren Chen
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Cai
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Binjia Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Tefferi A, Gangat N, Pardanani A, Crispino JD. Myelofibrosis: Genetic Characteristics and the Emerging Therapeutic Landscape. Cancer Res 2022; 82:749-763. [PMID: 34911786 PMCID: PMC9306313 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is one of three myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) that are morphologically and molecularly inter-related, the other two being polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). MPNs are characterized by JAK-STAT-activating JAK2, CALR, or MPL mutations that give rise to stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation, which is prone to leukemic and, in case of PV and ET, fibrotic transformation. Abnormal megakaryocyte proliferation is accompanied by bone marrow fibrosis and characterizes PMF, while the clinical phenotype is pathogenetically linked to ineffective hematopoiesis and aberrant cytokine expression. Among MPN-associated driver mutations, type 1-like CALR mutation has been associated with favorable prognosis in PMF, while ASXL1, SRSF2, U2AF1-Q157, EZH2, CBL, and K/NRAS mutations have been shown to be prognostically detrimental. Such information has enabled development of exclusively genetic (GIPSS) and clinically integrated (MIPSSv2) prognostic models that facilitate individualized treatment decisions. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the only treatment modality in MF with the potential to prolong survival, whereas drug therapy, including JAK2 inhibitors, is directed mostly at the inflammatory component of the disease and is therefore palliative in nature. Similarly, disease-modifying activity remains elusive for currently available investigational drugs, while their additional value in symptom management awaits controlled confirmation. There is a need for genetic characterization of clinical observations followed by in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies that will hopefully identify therapies that target the malignant clone in MF to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Corresponding Author: Ayalew Tefferi, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Phone: 507-284-2511; Fax: 507-266-4972; E-mail:
| | - Naseema Gangat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Animesh Pardanani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John D. Crispino
- Division of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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