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Gourmet L, Walker-Samuel S, Mallick P. Examination of the role of mutualism in immune evasion. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1406744. [PMID: 38779085 PMCID: PMC11109368 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1406744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Though the earliest stages of oncogenesis, post initiation, are not well understood, it is generally appreciated that a successful transition from a collection of dysregulated cells to an aggressive tumour requires complex ecological interactions between cancer cells and their environment. One key component of tumorigenesis is immune evasion. To investigate the interplay amongst the ecological behaviour of mutualism and immune evasion, we used a computational simulation framework. Sensitivity analyses of the growth of a virtual tumour implemented as a 2D-hexagonal lattice model suggests tumour survival depends on the interplay between growth rates, mutualism and immune evasion. In 60% of simulations, cancer clones with low growth rates, but exhibiting mutualism were able to evade the immune system and continue progressing suggesting that tumours with equivalent growth rates and no mutualism are more likely to be eliminated than tumours with mutualism. Tumours with faster growth rates showed a lower dependence upon mutualism for progression. Geostatistical analysis showed decreased spatial heterogeneity over time for polyclonal tumours with a high division rate. Overall, these results suggest that in slow growing tumours, mutualism is critical for early tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gourmet
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Parag Mallick
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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2
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Lin W, Fang J, Wei S, He G, Liu J, Li X, Peng X, Li D, Yang S, Li X, Yang L, Li H. Extracellular vesicle-cell adhesion molecules in tumours: biofunctions and clinical applications. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:246. [PMID: 37735659 PMCID: PMC10512615 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule (CAM) is an umbrella term for several families of molecules, including the cadherin family, integrin family, selectin family, immunoglobulin superfamily, and some currently unclassified adhesion molecules. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important information mediators in cell-to-cell communication. Recent evidence has confirmed that CAMs transported by EVs interact with recipient cells to influence EV distribution in vivo and regulate multiple cellular processes. This review focuses on the loading of CAMs onto EVs, the roles of CAMs in regulating EV distribution, and the known and possible mechanisms of these actions. Moreover, herein, we summarize the impacts of CAMs transported by EVs to the tumour microenvironment (TME) on the malignant behaviour of tumour cells (proliferation, metastasis, immune escape, and so on). In addition, from the standpoint of clinical applications, the significance and challenges of using of EV-CAMs in the diagnosis and therapy of tumours are discussed. Finally, considering recent advances in the understanding of EV-CAMs, we outline significant challenges in this field that require urgent attention to advance research and promote the clinical applications of EV-CAMs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikai Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jianjun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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3
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Lee ND, Kaveh K, Bozic I. Clonal interactions in cancer: integrating quantitative models with experimental and clinical data. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:61-73. [PMID: 37023969 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumors consist of different genotypically distinct subpopulations-or subclones-of cells. These subclones can influence neighboring clones in a process called "clonal interaction." Conventionally, research on driver mutations in cancer has focused on their cell-autonomous effects that lead to an increase in fitness of the cells containing the driver. Recently, with the advent of improved experimental and computational technologies for investigating tumor heterogeneity and clonal dynamics, new studies have shown the importance of clonal interactions in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. In this review we provide an overview of clonal interactions in cancer, discussing key discoveries from a diverse range of approaches to cancer biology research. We discuss common types of clonal interactions, such as cooperation and competition, its mechanisms, and the overall effect on tumorigenesis, with important implications for tumor heterogeneity, resistance to treatment, and tumor suppression. Quantitative models-in coordination with cell culture and animal model experiments-have played a vital role in investigating the nature of clonal interactions and the complex clonal dynamics they generate. We present mathematical and computational models that can be used to represent clonal interactions and provide examples of the roles they have played in identifying and quantifying the strength of clonal interactions in experimental systems. Clonal interactions have proved difficult to observe in clinical data; however, several very recent quantitative approaches enable their detection. We conclude by discussing ways in which researchers can further integrate quantitative methods with experimental and clinical data to elucidate the critical-and often surprising-roles of clonal interactions in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Lee
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kamran Kaveh
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Ivana Bozic
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Herbold Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
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4
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Yamamoto A, Doak AE, Cheung KJ. Orchestration of Collective Migration and Metastasis by Tumor Cell Clusters. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:231-256. [PMID: 36207009 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-023557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination has lethal consequences for cancer patients. Accruing evidence supports the hypothesis that tumor cells can migrate and metastasize as clusters of cells while maintaining contacts with one another. Collective metastasis enables tumor cells to colonize secondary sites more efficiently, resist cell death, and evade the immune system. On the other hand, tumor cell clusters face unique challenges for dissemination particularly during systemic dissemination. Here, we review recent progress toward understanding how tumor cell clusters overcome these disadvantages as well as mechanisms they utilize to gain advantages throughout the metastatic process. We consider useful models for studying collective metastasis and reflect on how the study of collective metastasis suggests new opportunities for eradicating and preventing metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Yamamoto
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; , , .,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrea E Doak
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; , , .,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin J Cheung
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; , ,
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5
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Vo VTA, Kim S, Hua TNM, Oh J, Jeong Y. Iron commensalism of mesenchymal glioblastoma promotes ferroptosis susceptibility upon dopamine treatment. Commun Biol 2022; 5:593. [PMID: 35710828 PMCID: PMC9203457 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) leads to poor patient prognosis. Here, we aim to investigate the mechanism through which GBM heterogeneity is coordinated to promote tumor progression. We find that proneural (PN)-GBM stem cells (GSCs) secreted dopamine (DA) and transferrin (TF), inducing the proliferation of mesenchymal (MES)-GSCs and enhancing their susceptibility toward ferroptosis. PN-GSC-derived TF stimulates MES-GSC proliferation in an iron-dependent manner. DA acts in an autocrine on PN-GSC growth in a DA receptor D1-dependent manner, while in a paracrine it induces TF receptor 1 expression in MES-GSCs to assist iron uptake and thus enhance ferroptotic vulnerability. Analysis of public datasets reveals worse prognosis of patients with heterogeneous GBM with high iron uptake than those with other GBM subtypes. Collectively, the findings here provide evidence of commensalism symbiosis that causes MES-GSCs to become iron-addicted, which in turn provides a rationale for targeting ferroptosis to treat resistant MES GBM. Glioblastoma stem-cell derived mesenchymal cells become reliant on iron but vulnerable to ferroptosis and within patients of heterogeneous glioblastoma multiforme prognosis for those with high iron uptake is poorer than other subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu T A Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyen N M Hua
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangsik Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea. .,Mitohormesis Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Lifestyle Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Mitochondrial Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Xu J, Su SM, Zhang X, Chan UI, Adhav R, Shu X, Liu J, Li J, Mo L, Wang Y, An T, Lei JH, Miao K, Deng CX, Xu X. ATP11B inhibits breast cancer metastasis in a mouse model by suppressing externalization of nonapoptotic phosphatidylserine. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e149473. [PMID: 35025764 PMCID: PMC8884903 DOI: 10.1172/jci149473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the cause of the majority of cancer-related deaths. In this study, we demonstrated that no expression or low expression of ATP11B in conjunction with high expression of PTDSS2, which was negatively regulated by BRCA1, markedly accelerates tumor metastasis. Further analysis revealed that cells with low ATP11B expression and high PTDSS2 expression (ATP11BloPTDSS2hi cells) were associated with poor prognosis and enhanced metastasis in breast cancer patients in general. Mechanistically, an ATP11BloPTDSS2hi phenotype was associated with increased levels of nonapoptotic phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. This PS increase serves as a global immunosuppressive signal to promote breast cancer metastasis through an enriched tumor microenvironment with the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and reduced activity of cytotoxic T cells. The metastatic processes associated with ATP11BloPTDSS2hi cancer cells can be effectively overcome by changing the expression phenotype to ATP11BhiPTDSS2lo through a combination of anti-PS antibody with either paclitaxel or docetaxel. Thus, blocking the ATP11BloPTDSS2hi axis provides a new selective therapeutic strategy to prevent metastasis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Sek Man Su
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Xin Zhang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Un In Chan
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Ragini Adhav
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Xiaodong Shu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Jianlin Liu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Jianjie Li
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Lihua Mo
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Tingting An
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Josh Haipeng Lei
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
| | - Kai Miao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, and
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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7
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Zhang H, Wang M, He Y, Deng T, Liu R, Wang W, Zhu K, Bai M, Ning T, Yang H, Liu Y, Wang J, Ba Y. Chemotoxicity-induced exosomal lncFERO regulates ferroptosis and stemness in gastric cancer stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1116. [PMID: 34845198 PMCID: PMC8629982 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are an important cause of tumor recurrence and drug resistance. As a new type of cell death that relies on iron ions and is strictly regulated by intracellular and extracellular signals, the role of ferroptosis in tumor stem cells deserves extensive attention. Mass spectrum was applied to screen for ferroptosis-related proteins in gastric cancer (GC). Sphere-formation assay was used to estimate the stemness of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs). Exosomal lnc-ENDOG-1:1 (lncFERO) was isolated by ultracentrifugation. Ferroptosis was induced by erastin and was assessed by detecting lipid ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell death. Furthermore, a series of functional in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of lncFERO on regulating ferroptosis and chemosensitivity in GCSCs. Here, we showed that stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD1) played a key role in regulating lipid metabolism and ferroptosis in GCSCs. Importantly, exosomal lncFERO (exo-lncFERO) derived from GC cells was demonstrated to promote SCD1 expression by directly interacting with SCD1 mRNA and recruiting heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), which resulted in the dysregulation of PUFA levels and the suppression of ferroptosis in GCSCs. Moreover, we found that hnRNPA1 was also involved in lncFERO packing into exosomes in GC cells, and both in vitro and in vivo data suggested that chemotoxicity induced lncFERO secretion from GC cells by upregulating hnRNPA1 expression, leading to enhanced stemness and acquired chemo-resistance. All these data suggest that GC cells derived exo-lncFERO controls GCSC tumorigenic properties through suppressing ferroptosis, and targeting exo-lncFERO/hnRNPA1/SCD1 axis combined with chemotherapy could be a promising CSC-based strategy for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yi He
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weixue Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Kegan Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Tao Ning
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Haiou Yang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yi Ba
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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8
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Cai Y, Chen T, Liu J, Peng S, Liu H, Lv M, Ding Z, Zhou Z, Li L, Zeng S, Xiao E. Orthotopic Versus Allotopic Implantation: Comparison of Radiological and Pathological Characteristics. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1133-1140. [PMID: 34611963 PMCID: PMC9291575 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In experimental animal models, implantation location might influence the heterogeneity and overall development of the tumor, leading to an interpretation bias. Purpose To investigate the effects of implantation location in experimental tumor model using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathological findings. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Fortyâfive breast cancerâbearing mice underwent orthotopic (N = 15) and heterotopic (intrahepatic [N = 15] and subcutaneous [N = 15]) implantation. Field Strength/Sequence Sequences including: T1âweighted turbo spin echo sequence, T2âweighted blade sequence, diffusionâweighted imaging, preâ and postâcontrast T1 mapping, multiâecho T2 mapping at 3.0âT. Assessment MRI was performed at 7, 14, and 21âdays after implantation. Native T1, postâcontrast T1, T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of tumors, the tumor volume and necrosis volume within tumor were obtained. Lymphocyte cells from H&E staining, Ki67âpositive, and CD31âpositive cells from immunohistochemistry were determined. Statistical Tests Oneâway analysis of variance and Spearman's rank correlation were performed. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The tumor volume (intrahepatic vs. orthotopic vs. subcutaneous: 587.50â±â77.62âmm3 vs. 814.00â±â43.85âmm3 vs. 956.13â±â119.22âmm3), necrosis volume within tumor (89.10â±â26.60âmm3 vs. 292.41â±â57.92âmm3 vs. 179.91â±â31.73âmm3, respectively), ADC at day 21 (543.41â±â42.28 vs. 542.92â±â99.67 vs. 369.83â±â42.90, respectively), and postâcontrast T1 at all timepoints (day 7: 442.00â±â11.52 vs. 435.00â±â22.90 vs. 394.33â±â29.95; day 14: 459.00â±â26.11 vs. 436.83â±â26.01 vs. 377.00â±â27.83; day 21: 463.50â±â23.49 vs. 458.00â±â34.28 vs. 375.00â±â30.55) were significantly different between three groups. Necrosis volumes of subcutaneous and intrahepatic tumors were significantly lower than those of orthotopic tumors. The CD31âpositive rate in the intrahepatic implantation was significantly higher than in orthotopic and subcutaneous groups. Necrosis volume (r = â0.71), ADC (r = â0.85), and postâcontrast T1 (r = â0.75) were strongly correlated with vascular invasion index. Data Conclusion Orthotopic and heterotopic tumors have their unique growth kinetics, necrosis volume, and vascular invasion. Nonâinvasive MR quantitative parameters, including ADC and postâcontrast T1, may reflect vascular invasion in mice. Level of Evidence 1 Technical Efficacy Stage 3
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Affiliation(s)
- YeYu Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - TaiLi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - JiaYi Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - ShuHui Peng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Lv
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - ZhuYuan Ding
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - ZiYi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - EnHua Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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9
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Davidson BA, Croessmann S, Park BH. The breast is yet to come: current and future utility of circulating tumour DNA in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:780-788. [PMID: 34040179 PMCID: PMC8438047 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomic strategies and the development of targeted therapies have enabled precision medicine to revolutionise the field of oncology. Precision medicine uses patient-specific genetic and molecular information, traditionally obtained from tumour biopsy samples, to classify tumours and treat them accordingly. However, biopsy samples often fail to provide complete tumour profiling, and the technique is expensive and, of course, relatively invasive. Advances in genomic techniques have led to improvements in the isolation and detection of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), a component of a peripheral blood draw/liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy offers a minimally invasive method to gather genetic information that is representative of a global snapshot of both primary and metastatic sites and can thereby provide invaluable information for potential targeted therapies and methods for tumour surveillance. However, a lack of prospective clinical trials showing direct patient benefit has limited the implementation of liquid biopsies in standard clinical applications. Here, we review the potential of ctDNA obtained by liquid biopsy to revolutionise personalised medicine and discuss current applications of ctDNA both at the benchtop and bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A. Davidson
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Sarah Croessmann
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Ben H. Park
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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10
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Breast Cancer Heterogeneity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091555. [PMID: 34573897 PMCID: PMC8468623 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast tumor heterogeneity is a major challenge in the clinical management of breast cancer patients. Both inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity imply that each breast cancer (BC) could have different prognosis and would benefit from specific therapy. Breast cancer is a dynamic entity, changing during tumor progression and metastatization and this poses fundamental issues to the feasibility of a personalized medicine approach. The most effective therapeutic strategy for patients with recurrent disease should be assessed evaluating biopsies obtained from metastatic sites. Furthermore, the tumor progression and the treatment response should be strictly followed and radiogenomics and liquid biopsy might be valuable tools to assess BC heterogeneity in a non-invasive way.
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