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Tran DN, Hoang TTH, Nandanwar S, Ho VTTX, Pham VT, Vu HD, Nguyen XH, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TV, Nguyen TKV, Tran DL, Park M, Lee S, Pham TC. Dual anticancer and antibacterial activity of fluorescent naphthoimidazolium salts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:36430-36438. [PMID: 38099251 PMCID: PMC10719908 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06555c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has emerged as a significant global health challenge, ranking as the second leading cause of death worldwide. Moreover, cancer patients frequently experience compromised immune systems, rendering them susceptible to bacterial infections. Combining anticancer and antibacterial properties in a single drug could lead to improved overall treatment outcomes and patient well-being. In this context, the present study focused on a series of hydrophilic naphthoimidazolium salts with donor groups (NI-R), aiming to create dual-functional agents with antibacterial and anticancer activities. Among these compounds, NI-TPA demonstrated notable antibacterial activity, particularly against drug-resistant bacteria, with MIC value of 7.8 μg mL-1. Furthermore, NI-TPA exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against four different cancer cell lines, with an IC50 range of 0.67-2.01 μg mL-1. The observed high cytotoxicity of NI-TPA agreed with molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies targeting c-Met kinase protein. Additionally, NI-TPA stood out as the most promising candidate for two-photo excitation, fluorescence bioimaging, and localization in lysosomes. The study findings open new avenues for the design and development of imidazolium salts that could be employed in phototheranostic applications for cancer treatment and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Ngoc Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education Hanoi Vietnam
| | | | - Sondavid Nandanwar
- Eco-friendly New Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon City Republic of Korea
| | | | - Van Thong Pham
- R&D Center, Vietnam Education and Technology Transfer JSC Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Huy Duc Vu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Daegu 42472 Korea
| | - Xuan Ha Nguyen
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Huy Trung Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Trang Van Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thuy Kieu Van Nguyen
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Korea
| | - Dai Lam Tran
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Myeongkee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Korea
| | - Thanh Chung Pham
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
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2
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He X, Wang Y, Zou C, Zheng C, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Tu C. Case Report: Gene Heterogeneity in the Recurrent and Metastatic Lesions of a Myxoid Chondrosarcoma Patient With Aggressive Transformation. Front Genet 2022; 13:791675. [PMID: 35910216 PMCID: PMC9330136 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.791675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. In view of the indolent course throughout the prolonged natural history of EMC, it was considered as a low-grade soft-tissue sarcoma. However, recent studies have revealed a high recurrence and metastatic potential in EMC, and the invasiveness of EMC may progress during the protracted clinical course. The mechanism for this aggressive transformation remains unknown. Here, we present a rare case of EMC with aggressive behavior. This case was confirmed via pathology and NR4A3 fluorescent in situ hybridization. To verify the genetic characteristics of this rare case, a total gene sequencing analyses was performed in the recurrent and metastatic lesions. Intriguingly, different gene mutations were determined in the recurrent and metastatic lesions, which implied the genetic heterogeneity among the different lesions might be related to the aggressiveness of EMC. Furthermore, we discuss a few potential agents against the mutated genes in this case, which may provide novel insights regarding the targeted therapy of EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhong He
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanxi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chongqi Tu,
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Xie C, Mondal DK, Ulas M, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Oncosuppressive roles of decorin through regulation of multiple receptors and diverse signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C554-C566. [PMID: 35171698 PMCID: PMC8917911 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00016.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Decorin is a stromal-derived prototype member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family. In addition to its functions as a regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis and TGF-β activity soluble decorin acts as a pan-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. Decorin binds to various RTKs including EGFR HER2 HGFR/Met VEGFR2 TLR and IGFR. Although the molecular mechanism for the action of decorin on these receptors is not entirely elucidated overall decorin evokes transient activation of these receptors with suppression of downstream signaling cascades culminating in growth inhibition followed by their physical downregulation via caveosomal internalization and degradation. In the case of Met decorin leads to decreased β-catenin signaling pathway and growth suppression. As most of these RTKs are responsible for providing a growth advantage to cancer cells the result of decorin treatment is oncosuppression. Another decorin-driven mechanism to restrict cancer growth and dissemination is by impeding angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and the concurrent activation of protracted endothelial cell autophagy. In this review we will dissect the multiple roles of decorin in cancer biology and its potential use as a next-generation protein-based adjuvant therapy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dipon K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mikdat Ulas
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Lee CJ, Modave E, Boeckx B, Stacchiotti S, Rutkowski P, Blay JY, Debiec-Rychter M, Sciot R, Lambrechts D, Wozniak A, Schöffski P. Histopathological and Molecular Profiling of Clear Cell Sarcoma and Correlation with Response to Crizotinib: An Exploratory Study Related to EORTC 90101 "CREATE" Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236057. [PMID: 34885165 PMCID: PMC8657105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Clear cell sarcoma (CCSA) is a rare subtype of soft tissue sarcoma characterized by EWSR1 rearrangement and subsequent MET upregulation. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 90101 phase II trial evaluated the MET inhibitor crizotinib in CCSA but resulted in only sporadic responses. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify the molecular alterations potentially relevant for the treatment outcome by using archival CCSA samples and trial-related clinical data. We characterized MET signaling and revealed an infrequent activation of MET, which may explain the lack of response to crizotinib in the disease cohort. Based on sequencing analyses, we discovered copy number alterations, mutations and dysregulated pathways with potentially predictive or prognostic values for patients’ outcomes. This work describes the molecular heterogeneity in CCSA and provides deep insight into the biology of this ultra-rare malignancy, which may potentially lead to better therapeutic approaches. Abstract Clear cell sarcoma (CCSA) is characterized by a chromosomal translocation leading to EWSR1 rearrangement, resulting in aberrant transcription of multiple genes, including MET. The EORTC 90101 phase II trial evaluated the MET inhibitor crizotinib in CCSA but resulted in only sporadic responses. We performed an in-depth histopathological and molecular analysis of archival CCSA samples to identify alterations potentially relevant for the treatment outcome. Immunohistochemical characterization of MET signaling was performed using a tissue microarray constructed from 32 CCSA cases. The DNA from 24 available tumor specimens was analyzed by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing for the detection of recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) and mutations. A pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the pathways relevant for CCSA tumorigenesis. Kaplan–Meier estimates and Fisher’s exact test were used to correlate the molecular findings with the clinical features related to crizotinib treatment, aiming to assess a potential association with the outcomes. The histopathological analysis showed the absence of a MET ligand and MET activation, with the presence of MET itself in most of cases. However, the expression/activation of MET downstream molecules was frequently observed, suggesting the role of other receptors in CCSA signal transduction. Using sequencing, we detected a number of CNAs at the chromosomal arm and region levels. The most common alteration was a gain of 8q24.21, observed in 83% of the cases. The loss of chromosomes 9q and 12q24 was associated with shorter survival. Based on exome sequencing, 40 cancer-associated genes were found to be mutated in more than one sample, with SRGAP3 and KMT2D as the most common alterations (each in four cases). The mutated genes encoded proteins were mainly involved in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, polymerase-II transcription, DNA damage repair, SUMOylation and chromatin organization. Disruption in chromatin organization was correlated with longer progression-free survival in patients receiving crizotinib. Conclusions: The infrequent activation of MET may explain the lack of response to crizotinib observed in the majority of cases in the clinical trial. Our work describes the molecular heterogeneity in CCSA and provides further insight into the biology of this ultra-rare malignancy, which may potentially lead to better therapeutic approaches for CCSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jui Lee
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.-J.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Elodie Modave
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.M.); (B.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Bram Boeckx
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.M.); (B.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Silvia Stacchiotti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 120133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 00001 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Centre Léon Bérard & Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Maria Debiec-Rychter
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Raf Sciot
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.M.); (B.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Wozniak
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.-J.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.-J.L.); (A.W.)
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-341019
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Deng S, Solinas A, Calvisi DF. Cabozantinib for HCC Treatment, From Clinical Back to Experimental Models. Front Oncol 2021; 11:756672. [PMID: 34722310 PMCID: PMC8548824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.756672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Patients with early-stage HCC can be treated successfully with surgical resection or liver transplantation. However, the usual late diagnosis of HCC precludes curative treatments, and systemic therapies are the only viable option for inoperable patients. Sorafenib, an orally available multikinase inhibitor, is a systemic therapy approved for treating patients with advanced HCC yet providing limited benefits. Consequently, new drugs have been developed to overcome sorafenib resistance and improve patients' prognoses. A new promising strategy is using c-MET inhibitors, such as cabozantinib, as activation of c-MET occurs in up to 40% of HCC patients. In particular, cabozantinib, in combination with the checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab, is currently in phase 3 clinical trial for HCC, and the results are eagerly awaited. Herein, we summarize and review the drugs approved for the treatment of advanced HCC, mainly focusing on the clinical and preclinical efficacy evaluation of cabozantinib. Also, we report the available preclinical data on cabozantinib-based combination therapies for HCC, current obstacles for cabozantinib therapy, and the future directions for cabozantinib-based treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Deng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Antonio Solinas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Garza-Treviño EN, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Delgado-González P, Solís-Coronado O, Ortíz-Lopez R, Soto-Domínguez A, Treviño VM, Padilla-Rivas GR, Islas-Cisneros JF, Quiroz-Reyes AG, Said-Fernández SL. Chemosensitivity analysis and study of gene resistance on tumors and cancer stem cell isolates from patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:721. [PMID: 34396431 PMCID: PMC8383037 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of mortality. Recent studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) can survive after chemotherapy and promote tumor invasiveness and aggression. According to a higher hierarchy complexity of CSC, different protocols for isolation, expansion, and characterization have been used; however, there are no available resistance biomarkers that allow predicting the clinical response of treatment 5‑fluorouracil (5FU) and oxaliplatin. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to analyze the expression of gene resistance on tumors and CSC‑derived isolates from patients CRC. In the present study, adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum (CRAC) were classified based on an in vitro adenosine triphosphate‑based chemotherapy response assay, as sensitive and resistant and the percentage of CD24 and CD44 markers are evaluated by immunohistochemistry. To isolate resistant colon‑CSC, adenocarcinoma tissues resistant to 5FU and oxaliplatin were evaluated. Finally, all samples were sequenced using a custom assay with chemoresistance‑associated genes to find a candidate gene on resistance colon‑CSC. Results showed that 59% of the CRC tissue analyzed was resistant and had a higher percentage of CD44 and CD24 markers. An association was found in the expression of some genes between the tumor‑resistant tissue and CSC. Overall, isolates of the CSC population CD44+ resistant to 5FU and oxaliplatin demonstrated different expression profiles; however, the present study was able to identify overexpression of the KRT‑18 gene, in most of the isolates. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed overexpression of KRT‑18 in CD44+ cells is associated with chemoresistance to 5FU and oxaliplatin in CRAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa N. Garza-Treviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, University Hospital ‘Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez’, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Herminia G. Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, University Hospital ‘Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez’, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Paulina Delgado-González
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, University Hospital ‘Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez’, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Orlando Solís-Coronado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, University Hospital ‘Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez’, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Rocio Ortíz-Lopez
- Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, University Hospital ‘Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez’, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Víctor M. Treviño
- Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico
| | - Gerardo R. Padilla-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, University Hospital ‘Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez’, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Jose F. Islas-Cisneros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, University Hospital ‘Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez’, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Adriana G. Quiroz-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, University Hospital ‘Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez’, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Salvador L. Said-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, University Hospital ‘Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez’, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
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A selective small-molecule inhibitor of c-Met suppresses keloid fibroblast growth in vitro and in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5468. [PMID: 33750878 PMCID: PMC7943593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids, tumor-like lesions that result from excessive scar formation, have no definitive treatment modality. Activation of c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) promotes cell proliferation and survival. Selective c-Met inhibitors, such as PHA-665752, may attenuate the activity of keloid fibroblasts and reduce keloid formation. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PHA-665752, a second-generation selective small-molecule inhibitor of c-Met, on human keloid fibroblasts in vitro and in a mouse model. We performed in vitro cytotoxicity assays, scratch tests, western blotting, and immunofluorescence on human keloid fibroblasts. We also injected human fibroblasts into severe combined immunodeficient mice and measured the degree of nodule formation and skin histologic characteristics. We found that keloid fibroblast migration was inhibited by PHA-665752. Inhibitor treatment was also associated with lower expression of members of the hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met pathway, and lower fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis. In the in vivo experiments, PHA-665752-treated mice had lower nodule volumes and weights, accompanied by less inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition, than those in control mice. These findings showed that although an in vivo model may not accurately represent the pathophysiology of human keloid development, PHA-665752 suppressed keloid fibroblast activity by inhibiting the c-Met-related tyrosine kinase pathway.
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Li J, Hu K, Zhou L, Huang J, Zeng S, Xu Z, Yan Y. Spectrum of Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Aberrations and Potential Clinical Implications: Insights From Integrative Pancancer Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:560615. [PMID: 33178590 PMCID: PMC7593712 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.560615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The receptor tyrosine kinase mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) is frequently altered in cancers and is a common therapeutic target for cancers with MET variants. However, abnormal MET alterations and their associations with patient outcome across different cancer types have not been studied simultaneously. In this study, we try to fill the vacancy in a comprehensive manner and capture the full MET alteration spectrum. Methods A total of 10,967 tumor samples comprising 32 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were analyzed for MET abnormal expression, mutations, and copy number variants (CNVs). Results MET abnormal expression, alteration frequency, mutation site distribution, and functional impact varied across different cancer types. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has most targetable mutations located in the juxtamembrane domain, and both high expression and amplification of MET are significantly associated with poor prognosis. Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) harbored the third highest alteration frequency of MET, which was dominated by mutations. While most mutations were in the Pkinase_Tyr domain, a few were targetable. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) harbors very few alterations, but increased MET expression is associated with poor outcomes. Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) had similar characteristics: a high frequency of MET CNVs but relatively few MET mutations, and high MET expression associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion This study provided significant and comprehensive information regarding MET abnormal expression, alterations (mutations and CNVs), and their clinical associations among 32 cancer types and offered insights into the full MET alteration spectrum and its implications for prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanni Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Abstract
The treatment landscape of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been revolutionized over the past two decades, bringing forth an era in which more than a dozen therapeutic agents are now available to treat patients. As a consequence, personalized care has become a critical part of developing effective treatment guidelines and improving patient outcomes. One of the most important emerging aspects of precision medicine in cancer is matching patients and treatments based on the genomic characteristics of an individual and their tumour. Despite the lack of a single genomic predictor of treatment response or prognostication feature in RCC, emerging research suggests that the identification of such markers remains promising. Mutations in VHL and alterations in its downstream pathways are the mainstay of RCC development and progression. However, the predictive value of VHL mutations has been questioned. Further research has examined mutations in genes involved in chromosome remodelling (for example, PBRM1, BAP1 and SETD2), DNA methylation and DNA damage repair, all of which have been associated with clinical outcomes. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of genomic evidence in the context of RCC and its potential predictive and prognostic value.
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10
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Liang H, Wang M. MET Oncogene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanism of MET Dysregulation and Agents Targeting the HGF/c-Met Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2491-2510. [PMID: 32273721 PMCID: PMC7104217 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s231257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Current treatments for advanced NSCLC included traditional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The efficacy of targeted therapy relies on oncogene addiction. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) gene can encode unconventional receptor tyrosine kinases with pleiotropic functions, when signals are abnormally activated, it can initiate and maintain tumor transformation, promote cell proliferation, survival, tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Thus, it is a promising therapeutic target. Previous studies have shown that elevated levels of HGF and/or overexpression of c-Met are associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer. In preclinical and clinical trials, c-MET inhibitors have shown some antitumor activity in NSCLC. Although the efficacy results of MET inhibitors in Phase III clinical trials are disappointing, given the molecular heterogeneity of NSCLC, only subgroups of patients with MET gene alterations may benefit from c-MET inhibitors. The challenge for the future is to screen out the potential beneficiaries. To solve this problem, there is need for large data analysis for the detection methods and treatment effects, to establish standards that meet the MET activation status, and determine reliable thresholds to achieve effective patient stratification and clinical decision making. This article summarized the structure of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met axis, the different mechanisms of MET addiction, as well as MET amplification as acquired resistance mechanism to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the latest advances of MET inhibitors, and immuotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC with MET alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Liang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Velappan N, Mahajan A, Naranjo L, Velappan P, Andrews N, Tiee N, Chakraborti S, Hemez C, Gaiotto T, Wilson B, Bradbury A. Selection and characterization of FcεRI phospho-ITAM specific antibodies. MAbs 2019; 11:1206-1218. [PMID: 31311408 PMCID: PMC6748597 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1632113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications, such as the phosphorylation of tyrosines, are often the initiation step for intracellular signaling cascades. Pan-reactive antibodies against modified amino acids (e.g., anti-phosphotyrosine), which are often used to assay these changes, require isolation of the specific protein prior to analysis and do not identify the specific residue that has been modified (in the case that multiple amino acids have been modified). Phosphorylation state-specific antibodies (PSSAs) developed to recognize post-translational modifications within a specific amino acid sequence can be used to study the timeline of modifications during a signal cascade. We used the FcϵRI receptor as a model system to develop and characterize high-affinity PSSAs using phage and yeast display technologies. We selected three β-subunit antibodies that recognized: 1) phosphorylation of tyrosines Y218 or Y224; 2) phosphorylation of the Y228 tyrosine; and 3) phosphorylation of all three tyrosines. We used these antibodies to study the receptor activation timeline of FcϵR1 in rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) upon stimulation with DNP24-BSA. We also selected an antibody recognizing the N-terminal phosphorylation site of the γ-subunit (Y65) of the receptor and applied this antibody to evaluate receptor activation. Recognition patterns of these antibodies show different timelines for phosphorylation of tyrosines in both β and γ subunits. Our methodology provides a strategy to select antibodies specific to post-translational modifications and provides new reagents to study mast cell activation by the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcϵRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileena Velappan
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM , USA
| | - Avanika Mahajan
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | | | - Priyanka Velappan
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM , USA
| | - Nasim Andrews
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM , USA
| | - Nicholas Tiee
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM , USA
| | - Subhendu Chakraborti
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM , USA
| | - Colin Hemez
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM , USA
| | - Tiziano Gaiotto
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM , USA
| | - Bridget Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque , NM , USA
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12
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Chun HW, Hong R. Significance of PD-L1 clones and C-MET expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5487-5498. [PMID: 31186768 PMCID: PMC6507339 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an essential immune checkpoint protein implicated in immune evasion by malignant tumors. Overexpression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 is associated with poor prognosis in various types of cancer. Recently, multiple advances have occurred in the area of cancer immunotherapy. Inhibiting the ligation of PD-1 by PD-L1 has been the major focus of anti-tumor immunotherapy. In diagnostic pathology, it has become crucial to detect PD-L1+ tumor cases using a validated immunohistochemistry (IHC) approach. Preliminary data demonstrate that C-MET promotes survival of some (e.g., renal) cancer types through regulation of PD-L1. However, C-MET expression, and its association with PD-L1, has not been well-characterized in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and no anti-HCC immunotherapy is currently available in Korea. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the expression of C-MET and PD-L1, and their association with clinicopathologic factors, to facilitate the development of targeted treatments for HCC. PD-L1 expression was examined in tumor cells (TC) and immune cells (IC) of 70 patient-derived HCC specimens using IHC. Two anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), SP263 and SP142, were utilized. Additionally, TC C-MET expression was assessed. Correlations between PD-L1 expression (as identified by both MAbs), C-MET expression and clinicopathologic factors were assessed. More PD-L1+ cases were identified via SP263 than via SP142 when assessing both TC and IC; in the former group, SP236 identified 14/70 positive cases, while SP142 identified only 2/70. In the latter group, SP236 identified 49/70 positive cases, while SP142 identified 30/70. Both MAbs demonstrated a higher frequency of PD-L1 expression by IC than TC. The Edmondson-Steiner grade statistically correlated with a higher frequency of SP236-detected TC PD-L1 expression. C-MET was significantly associated with advanced tumor size and was positively correlated with SP263-detected PD-L1 expression in TC. These results suggest that C-MET may serve a role in regulating PD-L1 expression in HCC. Furthermore, while SP263 generally exhibited a higher sensitivity for PD-L1 detection, concordance in PD-L1+ case detection between the two different MAbs was generally good. These background data may be helpful in the development of targeted anti-HCC immunotherapy focused on PD-L1 or C-MET, and in evaluating selection criteria for target populations best suited to such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Wook Chun
- Sunchun Sarang Hospital, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do 57993, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Donggu, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
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13
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Hervieu A, Kermorgant S. The Role of PI3K in Met Driven Cancer: A Recap. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:86. [PMID: 30406111 PMCID: PMC6207648 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) Met, overexpressed or mutated in cancer, plays a major role in cancer progression and represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. However RTK inhibitors can lead to drug resistance, explaining the necessity to develop therapies that target downstream signaling. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is one of the most deregulated pathways in cancer and implicated in various types of cancer. PI3K signaling is also a major signaling pathway downstream of RTK, including Met. PI3K major effectors include Akt and "mechanistic Target of Rapamycin" (mTOR), which each play key roles in numerous and various cell functions. Advancements made due to the development of molecular and pharmaceutical tools now allow us to delve into the roles of each independently. In this review, we summarize the current understanding we possess of the activation and role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, downstream of Met, in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hervieu
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, Cancer Therapeutics Division, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Kim JH, Jang HJ, Kim HS, Kim BJ, Park SH. Prognostic impact of high c-Met expression in ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:3427-3434. [PMID: 30310499 PMCID: PMC6171012 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High c-Met expression has been observed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, its clinicopathological impacts remain controversial. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the pathologic and prognostic significance of c-Met overexpression in patients with EOC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases PubMed, PMC, EMBASE, and Google scholar (up to April 2018) was carried out. From seven studies, 568 patients with EOC were included in the meta-analysis. Although there was no statistical significance, EOCs with c-Met overexpression tended to show higher FIGO stage (III-IV) (odds ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.86-5.53, p = 0.10) and higher rate of lymph node metastasis (odds ratio = 3.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.85-10.98, p = 0.09), compared with tumors with low c-Met expression. In terms of prognosis, patients with c-Met-high EOC showed significantly worse survival than those with c-Met-low tumor (hazard ratio = 2.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.51-2.94, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that high c-Met expression represents an adverse prognostic marker for patients with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Miranda O, Farooqui M, Siegfried JM. Status of Agents Targeting the HGF/c-Met Axis in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090280. [PMID: 30134579 PMCID: PMC6162713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is the ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met (Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor also known as Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor, HGFR), a receptor with expression throughout epithelial and endothelial cell types. Activation of c-Met enhances cell proliferation, invasion, survival, angiogenesis, and motility. The c-Met pathway also stimulates tissue repair in normal cells. A body of past research shows that increased levels of HGF and/or overexpression of c-Met are associated with poor prognosis in several solid tumors, including lung cancer, as well as cancers of the head and neck, gastro-intestinal tract, breast, ovary and cervix. The HGF/c-Met signaling network is complex; both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent signaling occur. This article will provide an update on signaling through the HGF/c-Met axis, the mechanism of action of HGF/c-Met inhibitors, the lung cancer patient populations most likely to benefit, and possible mechanisms of resistance to these inhibitors. Although c-Met as a target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed promise based on preclinical data, clinical responses in NSCLC patients have been disappointing in the absence of MET mutation or MET gene amplification. New therapeutics that selectively target c-Met or HGF, or that target c-Met and a wider spectrum of interacting tyrosine kinases, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshin Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Mariya Farooqui
- Department of Pharmacology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, 6-120 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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16
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Tuncel G, Kalkan R. Receptor tyrosine kinase-Ras-PI 3 kinase-Akt signaling network in glioblastoma multiforme. Med Oncol 2018; 35:122. [PMID: 30078108 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of the brain tumors and shows different genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Gene amplification, genetic instability, disruption of apoptotic pathways, deregulated oncogene expression, invasive phenotypical changes, abnormal angiogenesis, and epigenetic changes have all been described in GBMs. These abnormalities indicate that a number of different signaling pathways are deregulated in GBM. Increasing number of studies provide a better understanding of the tumor biology, genetic, and epigenetic background of the GBM. Also, current research provides us useful approaches in designing novel therapies for GBM. In this review, we summarize the receptor tyrosine kinase-Ras-PI 3 kinase-Akt signaling network, focusing on the potential molecular targets for anti-signaling molecular therapies in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulten Tuncel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Nicosia, 99138, Cyprus
| | - Rasime Kalkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Nicosia, 99138, Cyprus.
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17
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Finicle BT, Ramirez MU, Liu G, Selwan EM, McCracken AN, Yu J, Joo Y, Nguyen J, Ou K, Roy SG, Mendoza VD, Corrales DV, Edinger AL. Sphingolipids inhibit endosomal recycling of nutrient transporters by inactivating ARF6. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213314. [PMID: 29848659 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous sphingolipids (ceramide) and related synthetic molecules (FTY720, SH-BC-893) reduce nutrient access by decreasing cell surface expression of a subset of nutrient transporter proteins. Here, we report that these sphingolipids disrupt endocytic recycling by inactivating the small GTPase ARF6. Consistent with reported roles for ARF6 in maintaining the tubular recycling endosome, MICAL-L1-positive tubules were lost from sphingolipid-treated cells. We propose that ARF6 inactivation may occur downstream of PP2A activation since: (1) sphingolipids that fail to activate PP2A did not reduce ARF6-GTP levels; (2) a structurally unrelated PP2A activator disrupted tubular recycling endosome morphology and transporter localization; and (3) overexpression of a phosphomimetic mutant of the ARF6 GEF GRP1 prevented nutrient transporter loss. ARF6 inhibition alone was not toxic; however, the ARF6 inhibitors SecinH3 and NAV2729 dramatically enhanced the killing of cancer cells by SH-BC-893 without increasing toxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that ARF6 inactivation contributes to the anti-neoplastic actions of sphingolipids. Taken together, these studies provide mechanistic insight into how ceramide and sphingolipid-like molecules limit nutrient access and suppress tumor cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Finicle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Manuel U Ramirez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Selwan
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alison N McCracken
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yoosun Joo
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jannett Nguyen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kevin Ou
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Saurabh Ghosh Roy
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Victor D Mendoza
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dania Virginia Corrales
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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18
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Kim JH, Kim HS, Kim BJ. Prognostic value of MET copy number gain in non-small-cell lung cancer: an updated meta-analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:1836-1845. [PMID: 29805710 PMCID: PMC5968772 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The alterations of MET have been detected in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the prognostic impact of MET gene copy number gain (CNG) has not been consistent among studies. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of high MET CNG in patients with NSCLC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar, and Cochrane Library (up to November 2017) was carried out. From twenty-one studies, 7,647 patients were included in the pooled analysis of hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease-free survival or overall survival. Compared with patients with NSCLC showing low MET CNG, those with tumors harboring high MET CNG showed significantly worse survival (HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.16-1.80, p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that high MET CNG significantly correlated with a poor prognosis especially in patients with adenocarcinoma (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.11-1.79, p = 0.005) and Asian populations (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.32-1.88, p < 0.00001). In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that high MET CNG is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC. Subgroup analyses suggest that high MET CNG is associated with a worse prognosis, especially in patients with adenocarcinoma and Asian populations. However, large prospective studies using standardized methods based on the homogeneous populations are warranted to validate the prognostic value of MET amplification in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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19
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Tu CY, Cheng FJ, Chen CM, Wang SL, Hsiao YC, Chen CH, Hsia TC, He YH, Wang BW, Hsieh IS, Yeh YL, Tang CH, Chen YJ, Huang WC. Cigarette smoke enhances oncogene addiction to c-MET and desensitizes EGFR-expressing non-small cell lung cancer to EGFR TKIs. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:705-723. [PMID: 29570930 PMCID: PMC5928373 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the leading risks for lung cancer and is associated with the insensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it remains undetermined whether and how cigarette smoke affects the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR TKIs. In this study, our data showed that chronic exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or tobacco smoke‐derived carcinogen benzo[α]pyrene, B[α]P, but not nicotine‐derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK), reduced the sensitivity of wild‐type EGFR‐expressing NSCLC cells to EGFR TKIs. Treatment with TKIs almost abolished EGFR tyrosine kinase activity but did not show an inhibitory effect on downstream Akt and ERK pathways in B[α]P‐treated NSCLC cells. CSE and B[α]P transcriptionally upregulate c‐MET and activate its downstream Akt pathway, which is not inhibited by EGFR TKIs. Silencing of c‐MET reduces B[α]P‐induced Akt activation. The CSE‐treated NSCLC cells are sensitive to the c‐MET inhibitor crizotinib. These findings suggest that cigarette smoke augments oncogene addiction to c‐MET in NSCLC cells and that MET inhibitors may show clinical benefits for lung cancer patients with a smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yen Tu
- Department of Life Science, the iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Science, the iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Hsiao
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao He
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Shan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Keedy VL, Lenz HJ, Saltz L, Whisenant JG, Berlin JD, Camacho LH. First-in-human phase I dose escalation study of MK-8033 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:860-868. [PMID: 29376210 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background C-Met, which is frequently activated in multiple cancers, has been implicated in tumor formation, progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to multiple therapies. MK-8033 is a small-molecule inhibitor of c-Met that binds preferentially to the activated conformation, and has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in preclinical models. This first-in-human trial was performed to establish the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD), as well as preliminary pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical activity. Methods Forty-seven patients were enrolled in three parts. The primary objective of Parts A and B was safety, whereas Part C evaluated the effect of proton-pump inhibitors on MK-8033 absorption. Dose escalation used an accelerated continual reassessment method, and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were any treatment-related, first course non-hematologic grade ≥ 3 toxicity (except alopecia or inadequately treated nausea/vomiting/diarrhea), grade 4 hematologic toxicity (except grade 3 neutropenic fever and thrombocytopenia), or toxicity where treatment is held >3 weeks. Results Forty-six patients were treated across nine dose levels, and the MTD was 750 mg twice daily. DLTs were fatigue, nausea, vomiting, transaminitis, and hypokalemia. Most frequent toxicities were fatigue (28.3%), nausea (21.7%), and alopecia (19.6%), predominately grade ≤ 2. One patient with endometriod adenocarcinoma achieved a partial response and eight had stable disease. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 57 days. Strikingly, the PFS for the one responder was 846 days. PK results showed that proton-pump inhibitors have no effect on MK-8033 absorption. Conclusion MK-8033 was well tolerated with no significant toxicity issues, albeit with limited clinical activity. Unfortunately, the company decided to discontinue further clinical development of MK-8033.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Keedy
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern Carolina, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leonard Saltz
- Memoral Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer G Whisenant
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jordan D Berlin
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Luis H Camacho
- Center for Oncology and Blood Disorders, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Kryeziu K, Pirker C, Englinger B, van Schoonhoven S, Spitzwieser M, Mohr T, Körner W, Weinmüllner R, Tav K, Grillari J, Cichna-Markl M, Berger W, Heffeter P. Chronic arsenic trioxide exposure leads to enhanced aggressiveness via Met oncogene addiction in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27379-93. [PMID: 27036042 PMCID: PMC5053657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As an environmental poison, arsenic is responsible for many cancer deaths. Paradoxically, arsenic trioxide (ATO) presents also a powerful therapy used to treat refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and is intensively investigated for treatment of other cancer types. Noteworthy, cancer therapy is frequently hampered by drug resistance, which is also often associated with enhancement of tumor aggressiveness. In this study, we analyzed ATO-selected cancer cells (A2780ATO) for the mechanisms underlying their enhanced tumorigenicity and aggressiveness. These cells were characterized by enhanced proliferation and spheroid growth as well as increased tumorigenicity of xenografts in SCID mice. Noteworthy, subsequent studies revealed that overexpression of Met receptor was the underlying oncogenic driver of these effects, as A2780ATO cells were characterized by collateral sensitivity against Met inhibitors. This finding was also confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) and whole genome gene expression arrays, which revealed that Met overexpression by chronic ATO exposure was based on the transcriptional regulation via activation of AP-1. Finally, it was shown that treatment with the Met inhibitor crizotinib was also effective against A2780ATO cell xenografts in vivo, indicating that targeting of Met presents a promising strategy for the treatment of Met-overexpressing tumors after either arsenic exposure or failure to ATO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushtrim Kryeziu
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Englinger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sushilla van Schoonhoven
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Mohr
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Körner
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Weinmüllner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Koray Tav
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Vienna, Austria
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22
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Sun CC, Li SJ, Zhang F, Pan JY, Wang L, Yang CL, Xi YY, Li DJ. Hsa-miR-329 exerts tumor suppressor function through down-regulation of MET in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21510-26. [PMID: 26909600 PMCID: PMC5008302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as key regulators of multiple cancers. Hsa-miR-329 (miR-329) functions as a tumor suppressor in some malignancies. However, its role on lung cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-329 on the development of lung cancer. The results indicated that miR-329 was decreased in primary lung cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent normal lung tissues and very low levels were found in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-329 in lung cancer cell lines substantially repressed cell growth as evidenced by cell viability assay, colony formation assay and BrdU staining, through inhibiting cyclin D1, cyclin D2 and up-regulatiing p57(Kip2) and p21(WAF1/CIP1). In addition, miR-329 promoted NSCLC cell apoptosis, as indicated by up-regulation of key apoptosis gene cleaved caspase-3, and down-regulation of anti-apoptosis gene Bcl2. Moreover, miR-329 inhibited cellular migration and invasiveness through inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-7 and MMP-9. Further, oncogene MET was revealed to be a putative target of miR-329, which was inversely correlated with miR-329 expression. Furthermore, down-regulation of MET by siRNA performed similar effects to over-expression of miR-329. Collectively, our results demonstrated that miR-329 played a pivotal role in lung cancer through inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoting apoptosis by targeting oncogenic MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cao Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Wuhan Hospital for The Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Li Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yong Xi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - De Jia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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23
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Tanabe K. Microtubule Depolymerization by Kinase Inhibitors: Unexpected Findings of Dual Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122508. [PMID: 29168788 PMCID: PMC5751111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents are widely used as clinical drugs in the treatment of cancer. However, some kinase inhibitors can also disrupt microtubule organization by directly binding to tubulin. These unexpected effects may result in a plethora of harmful events and/or a misinterpretation of the experimental results. Thus, further studies are needed to understand these dual inhibitors. In this review, I discuss the roles of dual inhibitors of kinase activity and microtubule function as well as describe the properties underlining their dual roles. Since both kinase and microtubule inhibitors cause cell toxicity and cell cycle arrest, it is difficult to determine which inhibitor is responsible for each phenotype. A discrimination of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 or G2/M and/or image analyses of cellular phenotype may eventually lead to new insights on drug duality. Because of the indispensable roles of microtubules in mitosis and vesicle transport, I propose a simple and easy method to identify microtubule depolymerizing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tanabe
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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24
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Kim JH, Kim BJ, Kim HS. Clinicopathological impacts of high c-Met expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis and review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113120-113128. [PMID: 29348891 PMCID: PMC5762576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High c-Met expression has been observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its clinicopathological impact remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the pathologic and prognostic impacts of c-Met overexpression in patients with HNSCC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases was carried out. From 16 studies, 1,948 patients with HNSCC were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with HNSCCs showing low c-Met expression, tumors with high c-Met expression were significantly associated with higher rate of lymph node metastasis (odds ratio = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.27–4.69, P < 0.00001) and higher T stage (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03–1.71, P = 0.03). In addition, patients with c-Met-high HNSCC showed significantly worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.04–2.14, P = 0.03) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.29–2.60, P = 0.0007) than those with c-Met-low tumor. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that high c-Met expression is significantly associated with worse pathological features and prognosis, indicating c-Met overexpression is an adverse prognostic marker for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Kim JH, Kim HS, Kim BJ. MET inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis and review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75500-75508. [PMID: 29088885 PMCID: PMC5650440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The alterations of MET have been detected in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, survival benefit of MET inhibitors remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the survival benefit of MET inhibitors combined with an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) or standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases was carried out. From seven studies, 2,577 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients who received an additional MET inhibitor did not show significantly improved progression-free survival (hazard ration (HR) = 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79–1.08], P = 0.33) and overall survival (HR = 1.0 [95% CI: 0.90–1.11], P = 0.97). In the subgroup analysis, patients with MET-high NSCLC tended to show longer survival when treated with an additional MET inhibitor than those in the placebo group (HR = 0.76, [95% CI: 0.58–1.01], P = 0.06). In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that the addition of a MET inhibitor to an EGFR TKI or chemotherapy has no survival benefit over placebo in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Although patients with MET-high tumor tended to show better survival, further studies to explore more specific biomarkers are warranted to identify ideal candidates for MET inhibitors in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam 13574, Republic of Korea
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26
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Kim JH, Kim BJ, Kim HS. Clinicopathological impacts of high c-Met expression in renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis and review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75478-75487. [PMID: 29088883 PMCID: PMC5650438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met overexpression has been observed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, its clinicopathological impacts remain uncertain. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the pathologic and prognostic impacts of high c-Met expression in patients with RCC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases PubMed and Embase was performed. From 12 studies, 1,724 patients with RCC were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with RCCs showing low c-Met expression, tumors with high c-Met expression showed significantly higher nuclear grade (odds ratio = 2.45 [95% CI: 1.43-4.19], P = 0.001) and pT stage (odds ratio = 2.18 [95% CI: 1.27-3.72], P = 0.005). In addition, patients with c-Met-high RCC showed significantly worse overall survival than those with c-Met-low tumor (hazard ratio = 1.32 [95% CI: 1.12-1.56], P = 0.0009). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that high c-Met expression correlate with significantly worse pathological features and overall survival, indicating c-Met overexpression is a potential adverse prognostic marker for patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam 13574, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
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27
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Prognostic value of c-Met overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis and review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90351-90357. [PMID: 29163834 PMCID: PMC5685755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of c-Met protein has been detected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its prognostic impact remains uncertain. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of c-Met overexpression in patients who underwent curative surgical resection for HCC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases was carried out. From 5 studies, 1,408 patients who underwent surgical resection for HCC were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with patients with HCC having low c-Met expression, patients with c-Met-high tumor showed significantly worse relapse-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.26 [95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.56], P = 0.03) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.16 [95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.31], P = 0.01). In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicates that c-Met overexpression is a significant adverse prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in patients who underwent surgical resection for HCC.
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28
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Taniguchi H, Yamada T, Takeuchi S, Arai S, Fukuda K, Sakamoto S, Kawada M, Yamaguchi H, Mukae H, Yano S. Impact of MET inhibition on small-cell lung cancer cells showing aberrant activation of the hepatocyte growth factor/MET pathway. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1378-1385. [PMID: 28474864 PMCID: PMC5497807 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancers, and is characterized as extremely aggressive, often displaying rapid tumor growth and multiple organ metastases. In addition, the clinical outcome of SCLC patients is poor due to early relapse and acquired resistance to standard chemotherapy treatments. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SCLC are urgently required. Accordingly, several molecular targeted therapies were evaluated in SCLC; however, they failed to improve the clinical outcome. The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is a receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and aberrant activation of HGF/MET signaling is known as one of the crucial mechanisms enabling cancer progression and invasion. Here, we found that the HGF/MET signaling was aberrantly activated in chemoresistant or chemorelapsed SCLC cell lines (SBC‐5, DMS273, and DMS273‐G3H) by the secretion of HGF and/or MET copy number gain. A cell‐based in vitro assay revealed that HGF/MET inhibition, induced either by MET inhibitors (crizotinib and golvatinib), or by siRNA‐mediated knockdown of HGF or MET, constrained growth of chemoresistant SCLC cells through the inhibition of ERK and AKT signals. Furthermore, treatment with either crizotinib or golvatinib suppressed the systemic metastasis of SBC‐5 cell tumors in natural killer cell‐depleted SCID mice, predominantly through cell cycle arrest. These findings reveal the therapeutic potential of targeting the HGF/MET pathway for inhibition, to constrain tumor progression of SCLC cells showing aberrant activation of HGF/MET signaling. We suggest that it would be clinically valuable to further investigate HGF/MET‐mediated signaling in SCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeuchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sachiko Arai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koji Fukuda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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29
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Miao L, Lu Y, Xu Y, Zhang G, Huang Z, Gong L, Fan Y. PD-L1 and c-MET expression and survival in patients with small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53978-53988. [PMID: 28903317 PMCID: PMC5589556 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blocking the binding between the PD-1 and PD-L1 has been reported to produce antitumor responses. The MET/HGF axis appears to be another signaling pathway frequently altered in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Our study was aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic roles of PD-L1 and c-MET in SCLC. METHODS The expression levels of PD-L1 and c-MET were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis in 83 SCLC specimens. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Of the SCLC specimens, 51.8% and 25.3% exhibited positivity for PD-L1 and c-MET, respectively. Higher PD-L1 expression in tumor specimens was significantly correlated with a limited disease (LD) stage, normal levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). No association was found between the levels of c-MET and PD-L1 expression or between c-MET expression and other clinical characteristics. SCLC patients with PD-L1-positive tumors showed significantly longer overall survival (OS) than patients with PD-L1-negative tumors (17.0 vs 9.0, p=0.018). Conversely, those with positive c-MET expression exhibited a shorter OS trend (12.0 vs 15.0, p=0.186). However, sub-analysis of LD-stage patients revealed longer OS among the c-MET-negative group (25.0 vs 14.0; p=0.011). The OS of patients with positivity for both PD-L1 and c-MET showed no significant difference compared with other patients (p=0.17). According to multivariate analyses, neither PD-L1 nor c-MET immunoreactivity was a prognostic factor. CONCLUSION Expression of PD-L1 was correlated with LD stage and might serve as a prognostic for better OS in SCLC patients. In LD-stage patients, high c-MET expression might be predictive of a poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Miao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Lu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Fan
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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30
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Han Z, Wu Y, Wang K, Xiao Y, Cheng Z, Sun X, Shen B. Analysis of progress and challenges for various patterns of c-MET-targeted molecular imaging: a systematic review. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:41. [PMID: 28485003 PMCID: PMC5422222 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor also named c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase for the hepatocyte growth factor that plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. c-MET-targeted therapies have been tested in preclinical models and patients, with significant benefits for cancer treatment. In recent years, many studies have shown that the expression level and activation status of c-MET are closely correlated to c-MET-targeted therapy response and clinical prognosis, thus highlighting the importance of evaluating the c-MET status during and prior to targeted therapy. Molecular imaging allows the monitoring of abnormal alterations of c-MET in real time and in vivo. Results In this review, we initially summarize the recent advances in c-MET-targeted molecular imaging, with a special focus on the development of imaging agents ranging in size from monoclonal antibody to small molecule. The aim of this review is to report the preclinical results and clinical application of all molecular imaging studies completed until now for in vivo detection of c-MET in cancer, in order to be beneficial to development of molecular probe and the combination of molecular imaging technologies for in vivo evaluation of c-MET. Various molecular probe targeted to c-MET possesses distinctive advantages and disadvantages. For example, antibody-based probes have high binding affinity but with long metabolic cycle as well as remarkable immunogenicity. Conclusions Although studies for c-MET-targeted molecular imaging have made many important advances, most of imaging agents specifically target to extracellular area of c-MET receptor; however, it is difficult to reflect entirely activation of c-MET. Therefore, small molecule probes based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which could target to intracellular area of c-MET without any immunogenicity, should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Han
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongyi Wu
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yadi Xiao
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucas Center, Room P089, 1201 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.
| | - Xilin Sun
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China. .,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. .,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucas Center, Room P089, 1201 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.
| | - Baozhong Shen
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China. .,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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31
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Kwon Y, Godwin AK. Regulation of HGF and c-MET Interaction in Normal Ovary and Ovarian Cancer. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:494-501. [PMID: 27170665 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116648212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Binding of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to the c-MET receptor has mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic effects on cells. The versatile biological effects of HGF and c-MET interactions make them important contributors to the development of malignant tumors. We and others have demonstrated a therapeutic value in targeting the interaction of c-MET and HGF in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, both HGF and c-MET are expressed in the normal ovary as well. Therefore, it is important to understand the differences in mechanisms that control HGF signaling activation and its functional role in the normal ovary and EOC. In the normal ovary, HGF signaling may be under hormonal regulation. During ovulation, HGF-converting proteases are secreted and the subsequent activation of HGF signaling enhances the proliferation of ovarian surface epithelium in order to replenish the area damaged due to expulsion of the ovum. In contrast, EOC cells that exhibit epithelial characteristics constitutively express both c-MET and HGF-converting proteases such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator. In EOC, mechanisms to control the activation of HGF signaling are absent since HGF is provided locally from the tissue microenvironment as well as remotely throughout the body. Potential incessant HGF signaling in EOC may lead to an increase in proliferation, invasion through the stroma, and migration to other tissues of cancer cells. Therefore, targeting the interaction of c-MET and HGF would be beneficial in treating EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Kwon
- 1 Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,3 University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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32
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Strategies of targeting the extracellular domain of RON tyrosine kinase receptor for cancer therapy and drug delivery. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2429-2446. [PMID: 27503093 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the most important life-threatening diseases in the world. The current efforts to combat cancer are being focused on molecular-targeted therapies. The main purpose of such approaches is based on targeting cancer cell-specific molecules to minimize toxicity for the normal cells. RON (Recepteur d'Origine Nantais) tyrosine kinase receptor is one of the promising targets in cancer-targeted therapy and drug delivery. METHODS In this review, we will summarize the available agents against extracellular domain of RON with potential antitumor activities. RESULTS The presented antibodies and antibody drug conjugates against RON in this review showed wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities promising the hope for them entering the clinical trials. CONCLUSION Due to critical role of extracellular domain of RON in receptor activation, the development of therapeutic agents against this region could lead to fruitful outcome in cancer therapy.
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Kawakami H, Okamoto I. MET-targeted therapy for gastric cancer: the importance of a biomarker-based strategy. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:687-95. [PMID: 26690587 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The MET protooncogene encodes the receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET (MET). Aberrant activation of MET signaling occurs in a subset of advanced malignancies, including gastric cancer, and promotes tumor cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion as well as tumor angiogenesis, suggesting its potential importance as a therapeutic target. MET can be activated by two distinct pathways that are dependent on or independent of its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), with the latter pathway having been attributed mostly to MET amplification in gastric cancer. Preclinical evidence has suggested that interruption of the HGF-MET axis either with antibodies to HGF or with MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has antitumor effects in gastric cancer cells. Overexpression of MET occurs frequently in gastric cancer and has been proposed as a potential predictive biomarker for anti-MET therapy. However, several factors can trigger such MET upregulation in a manner independent of HGF, suggesting that gastric tumors with MET overexpression are not necessarily MET driven. On the other hand, gastric cancer cells with MET amplification are dependent on MET signaling for their survival and are thus vulnerable to MET TKI treatment. Given the low prevalence of MET amplification in gastric cancer (approximately 8 %), testing for this genetic change would substantially narrow the target population but it might constitute a better biomarker than MET overexpression for MET TKI therapy. We compare aberrant MET signaling dependent on the HGF-MET axis or on MET amplification as well as address clinical issues and challenges associated with the identification of appropriate biomarkers for MET-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Cataisson C, Michalowski AM, Shibuya K, Ryscavage A, Klosterman M, Wright L, Dubois W, Liu F, Zhuang A, Rodrigues KB, Hoover S, Dwyer J, Simpson MR, Merlino G, Yuspa SH. MET signaling in keratinocytes activates EGFR and initiates squamous carcinogenesis. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra62. [PMID: 27330189 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is abundant in many human squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), but its functional significance in tumorigenesis is not clear. We found that the incidence of carcinogen-induced skin squamous tumors was substantially increased in transgenic MT-HGF (mouse metallothionein-hepatocyte growth factor) mice, which have increased abundance of the MET ligand HGF. Squamous tumors also erupted spontaneously on the skin of MT-HGF mice that were promoted by wounding or the application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C. Carcinogen-initiated tumors had Ras mutations, but spontaneous tumors did not. Cultured keratinocytes from MT-HGF mice and oncogenic RAS-transduced keratinocytes shared phenotypic and biochemical features of initiation that were dependent on autocrine activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through increased synthesis and release of EGFR ligands, which was mediated by the kinase SRC, the pseudoproteases iRhom1 and iRhom2, and the metallopeptidase ADAM17. Pharmacological inhibition of EGFR caused the regression of MT-HGF squamous tumors that developed spontaneously in orthografts of MT-HGF keratinocytes combined with dermal fibroblasts and implanted onto syngeneic mice. The global gene expression profile in MET-transformed keratinocytes was highly concordant with that in RAS-transformed keratinocytes, and a core RAS/MET coexpression network was activated in precancerous and cancerous human skin lesions. Tissue arrays revealed that many human skin SCCs have abundant HGF at both the transcript and protein levels. Thus, through the activation of EGFR, MET activation parallels a RAS pathway to contribute to human and mouse cutaneous cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aleksandra M Michalowski
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelly Shibuya
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Ryscavage
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Klosterman
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Wright
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wendy Dubois
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anne Zhuang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kameron B Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shelley Hoover
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Dwyer
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark R Simpson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stuart H Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Lee JS, Oh E, Yoo JY, Choi KS, Yoon MJ, Yun CO. Adenovirus expressing dual c-Met-specific shRNA exhibits potent antitumor effect through autophagic cell death accompanied by senescence-like phenotypes in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4051-65. [PMID: 25726528 PMCID: PMC4414172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met, a cognate receptor tyrosine kinase of hepatocyte growth factor, is overexpressed and/or mutated in number of tumors. Therefore, abrogation of c-Met signaling may serve as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we generated Ads expressing single shRNA specific to c-Met (shMet) (dl/shMet4 and dl/shMet5) or dual shRNAs specific to c-Met (dl/shMet4+5); and examined the therapeutic potential of these newly engineered Ads in targeting c-Met, and delineated their mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. Ads expressing shMet induced knock-down in c-Met, and phenotypically resulted in autophagy-like features including appearance of membranousvacuoles, formation of acidic vesicular organelles, and cleavage and recruitment of microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3 to autophagosomes. Ads expressing shMet also suppressed Akt phosphorylation and increased number of senescence-related gene products including SM22, TGase II, and PAI-1. These changes resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and G2/M arrest of U343 cells. In vivo, intratumoral injection with dl/shMet4+5 resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth with corresponding increasing overall survival. Histopathological analysis of these treated tumors revealed that Atg5 was highly up-regulated, indicating the therapeutic induction of autophagy. In sum, these results reveal that autophagic cell death induced by shMet-expressing Ads provide a novel strategy for targeting c-Met-expressing tumors through non-apoptotic mechanism of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Lee
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eonju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Ebrahim HY, Elsayed HE, Mohyeldin MM, Akl MR, Bhattacharjee J, Egbert S, El Sayed KA. Norstictic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and In Vivo Invasive Growth Through Targeting C-Met. Phytother Res 2016; 30:557-66. [PMID: 26744260 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major health problem affecting the female population worldwide. The triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are characterized by malignant phenotypes, worse patient outcomes, poorest prognosis, and highest mortality rates. The proto-oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met is usually dysregulated in TNBCs, contributing to their oncogenesis, tumor progression, and aggressive cellular invasiveness that is strongly linked to tumor metastasis. Therefore, c-Met is proposed as a promising candidate target for the control of TNBCs. Lichens-derived metabolites are characterized by their structural diversity, complexity, and novelty. The chemical space of lichen-derived metabolites has been extensively investigated, albeit their biological space is still not fully explored. The anticancer-guided fractionation of Usnea strigosa (Ach.) lichen extract led to the identification of the depsidone-derived norstictic acid as a novel bioactive hit against breast cancer cell lines. Norstictic acid significantly suppressed the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, with minimal toxicity to non-tumorigenic MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells. Molecular modeling, Z'-LYTE biochemical kinase assay and Western blot analysis identified c-Met as a potential macromolecular target. Norstictic acid treatment significantly suppressed MDA-MB-231/GFP tumor growth of a breast cancer xenograft model in athymic nude mice. Lichen-derived natural products are promising resources to discover novel c-Met inhibitors useful to control TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Y Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, 71201, USA
| | - Heba E Elsayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, 71201, USA
| | - Mohamed M Mohyeldin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, 71201, USA
| | - Mohamed R Akl
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, 71201, USA
| | - Joydeep Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, 71201, USA
| | - Susan Egbert
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, 71201, USA
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, 71201, USA
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Liu S, Meric-Bernstam F, Parinyanitikul N, Wang B, Eterovic AK, Zheng X, Gagea M, Chavez-MacGregor M, Ueno NT, Lei X, Zhou W, Nair L, Tripathy D, Brown PH, Hortobagyi GN, Chen K, Mendelsohn J, Mills GB, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. Functional consequence of the MET-T1010I polymorphism in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2604-14. [PMID: 25605252 PMCID: PMC4413604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Major breast cancer predisposition genes, only account for approximately 30% of high-risk breast cancer families and only explain 15% of breast cancer familial relative risk. The HGF growth factor receptor MET is potentially functionally altered due to an uncommon germline single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), MET-T1010I, in many cancer lineages including breast cancer where the MET-T1010I SNP is present in 2% of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Expression of MET-T1010I in the context of mammary epithelium increases colony formation, cell migration and invasion in-vitro and tumor growth and invasion in-vivo. A selective effect of MET-T1010I as compared to wild type MET on cell invasion both in-vitro and in-vivo suggests that the MET-T1010I SNP may alter tumor pathophysiology and should be considered as a potential biomarker when implementing MET targeted clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Liu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Napa Parinyanitikul
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bailiang Wang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Agda K Eterovic
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariana Chavez-MacGregor
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Breast Cancer Translational Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiudong Lei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wanding Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lakshmy Nair
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Mendelsohn
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana M Gonzalez-Angulo
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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梁 红, 王 孟. [Mechanism of c-MET in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Treatment and Testing]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 18:745-51. [PMID: 26706951 PMCID: PMC6015186 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.12.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET (HGF/c-MET) signaling pathway can be abnormal activated by many mechanisms such as c-MET mutation, amplification and the overexpression of HGF, and it plays an important role in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as in the tolerance of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in NSCLC. Therefore, c-MET is a new molecular target for the therapy of NSCLC since EGFR and ALK. At present, although the c-MET inhibitors have shown a potential prospect in some clinical trials, its assessment of safety and effectiveness in clinical applications, and the choice of testing methods and standards still need a further discussion. In this paper, we summarized the mechanism of c-MET in NSCLC, as well as its treatment prospect and selection of testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- 红格 梁
- />100730 北京,中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学北京协和医学院呼吸内科Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - 孟昭 王
- />100730 北京,中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学北京协和医学院呼吸内科Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
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Vigna E, Chiriaco C, Cignetto S, Fontani L, Basilico C, Petronzelli F, Comoglio PM. Inhibition of ligand-independent constitutive activation of the Met oncogenic receptor by the engineered chemically-modified antibody DN30. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1760-72. [PMID: 26119717 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An awesome number of experimental and clinical evidences indicate that constitutive activation of the Met oncogenic receptor plays a critical role in the progression of cancer toward metastasis and/or resistance to targeted therapies. While mutations are rare, the common mechanism of Met activation is overexpression, either by gene amplification ('addiction') or transcriptional activation ('expedience'). In the first instance ligand-independent kinase activation plays a major role in sustaining the transformed phenotype. Anti-Met antibodies directed against the receptor binding site behave essentially as ligand (Hepatocyte Growth Factor, HGF) antagonists and are ineffective to counteract ligand-independent activation. The monovalent chimeric MvDN30 antibody fragment, PEGylated to extend its half-life, binds the fourth IPT domain and induces 'shedding' of the Met extracellular domain, dramatically reducing both the number of receptors on the surface and their phosphorylation. Downstream signaling is thus inhibited, both in the absence or in the presence of the ligand. In vitro, MvDN30 is a strong inhibitor not only of ligand-dependent invasive growth, sustained by both paracrine and autocrine HGF, but notably, also of ligand-independent growth of 'Met-addicted' cells. In immunocompromised mice, lacking expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor cross-reacting with the human receptor - thus providing, by definition, a model of 'ligand-independent' Met activation - PEGylated MvDN30 impairs growth of Met 'addicted' human gastric carcinoma cells. In a Met-amplified patient-derived colo-rectal tumor (xenopatient) MvDN30-PEG overcomes the resistance to EGFR targeted therapy (Cetuximab). The PEGylated MvDN30 is thus a strong candidate for targeting tumors sustained by ligand-independent Met oncogenic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vigna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; University of Turin, Department of Oncology, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Cristina Chiriaco
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Cignetto
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; University of Turin, Department of Oncology, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Lara Fontani
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Cristina Basilico
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Paolo M Comoglio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; University of Turin, Department of Oncology, Str Prov 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy.
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Granito A, Guidetti E, Gramantieri L. c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase as a molecular target in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2015; 2:29-38. [PMID: 27508192 PMCID: PMC4918282 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s77038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MET is the membrane receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also known as scatter factor or tumor cytotoxic factor, a mitogenic growth factor for hepatocytes. HGF is mainly produced by cells of mesenchymal origin and it mainly acts on neighboring epidermal and endothelial cells, regulating epithelial growth and morphogenesis. HGF/MET signaling has been identified among the drivers of tumorigenesis in human cancers. As such, c-MET is a recognized druggable target, and against it, targeted agents are currently under clinical investigation. c-MET overexpression is a common event in a wide range of human malignancies, including gastric, lung, breast, ovary, colon, kidney, thyroid, and liver carcinomas. Despite c-MET overexpression being reported by a large majority of studies, no evidence for a c-MET oncogenic addiction exists in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In particular, c-MET amplification is a rare event, accounting for 4%–5% of cases while no mutation has been identified in c-MET oncogene in HCC. Thus, the selection of patient subgroups more likely to benefit from c-MET inhibition is challenging. Notwithstanding, c-MET overexpression was reported to be associated with increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis in patients with HCC, providing a rationale for its therapeutic inhibition. Here we summarize the role of activated HGF/MET signaling in HCC, its prognostic relevance, and the implications for therapeutic approaches in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Granito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Guidetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gramantieri
- Dipartimento dell'Apparato Digerente, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata (CRBA), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S Orsola-Malpighi e Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Hu H, Liu Y, Jiang T. Mutation-introduced dimerization of receptor tyrosine kinases: from protein structure aberrations to carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:1423-8. [PMID: 25750036 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the greatest challenge to human health in our era. Perturbations of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) function contribute to a large chunk of cancer etiology. Current evidence supports that mutations in RTKs mediate receptor dimerization and result in ligand-independent kinase activity and tumorigenesis, indicating that mutation-introduced receptor dimerization is a critical component of oncogenesis RTK mutations. However, there are no specialized reviews of this important principle. In the current review, we discuss the physiological and harmless RTK function and subsequently examine mutation-introduced dimerization of RTKs and the role of these mutations in tumorigenesis. We also summarize the protein structure characteristics that are important for dimerization and introduce research methods and tools to predict and validate the existence of oncogenic mutations introduced by dimerization in RTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
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Lee D, Sung ES, Ahn JH, An S, Huh J, You WK. Development of antibody-based c-Met inhibitors for targeted cancer therapy. Immunotargets Ther 2015; 4:35-44. [PMID: 27471710 PMCID: PMC4918247 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s37409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ligands play important roles in the development and progression of human cancers, which makes RTK-mediated signaling pathways promising therapeutic targets in the treatment of cancer. Compared with small-molecule compounds, antibody-based therapeutics can more specifically recognize and bind to ligands and RTKs. Several antibody inhibitors of RTK-mediated signaling pathways, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, have been developed and are widely used to treat cancer patients. However, since the therapeutic options are still limited in terms of therapeutic efficacy and types of cancers that can be treated, efforts are being made to identify and evaluate novel RTK-mediated signaling pathways as targets for more efficacious cancer treatment. The hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met signaling pathway has come into the spotlight as a promising target for development of potent cancer therapeutic agents. Multiple antibody-based therapeutics targeting hepatocyte growth factor or c-Met are currently in preclinical or clinical development. This review focuses on the development of inhibitors of the hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met signaling pathway for cancer treatment, including critical issues in clinical development and future perspectives for antibody-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongheon Lee
- Hanwha Chemical R&D Center, Biologics Business Unit, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sil Sung
- Hanwha Chemical R&D Center, Biologics Business Unit, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Ahn
- Hanwha Chemical R&D Center, Biologics Business Unit, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon An
- Hanwha Chemical R&D Center, Biologics Business Unit, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Huh
- Hanwha Chemical R&D Center, Biologics Business Unit, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Kyoo You
- Hanwha Chemical R&D Center, Biologics Business Unit, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Murat CDB, da Rosa PWL, Fortes MAHZ, Corrêa L, Machado MCC, Novak EM, Siqueira SAC, Pereira MAA, Corrêa-Giannella ML, Giannella-Neto D, Giorgi RR. Differential expression of genes encoding proteins of the HGF/MET system in insulinomas. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:84. [PMID: 26435753 PMCID: PMC4591639 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulinomas are the most common functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, whereas histopathological features do not predict their biological behaviour. In an attempt to better understand the molecular processes involved in the tumorigenesis of islet beta cells, the present study evaluated the expression of genes belonging to the hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor (HGF/MET) system, namely, MET, HGF; HGFAC and ST14 (encode HGF activator and matriptase, respectively, two serine proteases that catalyze conversion of pro-HGF to active HGF); and SPINT1 and SPINT2 (encode serine peptidase inhibitors Kunitz type 1 and type 2, respectively, two inhibitors of HGF activator and of matriptase). METHODS Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was employed to assess RNA expression of the target genes in 24 sporadic insulinomas: 15 grade 1 (G1), six grade 2 (G2) and three hepatic metastases. Somatic mutations of MET gene were searched by direct sequencing of exons 2, 10, 14, 16, 17 and 19. RESULTS Overexpression of MET was observed in the three hepatic metastases concomitantly with upregulation of the genes encoding HGF and matriptase and downregulation of SPINT1. A positive correlation was observed between MET RNA expression and Ki-67 proliferation index while a negative correlation was detected between SPINT1 expression and the mitotic index. No somatic mutations were found in MET gene. CONCLUSION The final effect of the increased expression of HGF, its activator (matriptase) and its specific receptor (MET) together with a decreased expression of one potent inhibitor of matriptase (SPINT1) is probably a contribution to tumoral progression and metastatization in insulinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cahuê De Bernardis Murat
- />Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM-25) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Paula Waki Lopes da Rosa
- />Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM-25) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Angela Henriques Zanella Fortes
- />Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM-25) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- />Departamento de Patologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Estela Maria Novak
- />Laboratório de Biologia Molecular da Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Lucia Corrêa-Giannella
- />Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM-25) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP Brazil
- />Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL/NETCEM) da FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Giannella-Neto
- />Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho—UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Rodrigues Giorgi
- />Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM-25) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP Brazil
- />Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil
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Cui YM, Jiao HL, Ye YP, Chen CM, Wang JX, Tang N, Li TT, Lin J, Qi L, Wu P, Wang SY, He MR, Liang L, Bian XW, Liao WT, Ding YQ. FOXC2 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by directly targeting MET. Oncogene 2014; 34:4379-90. [PMID: 25381815 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although multiple genes have been identified to be responsible for the development of CRC, the molecular changes that enable CRC cells to undergo early local invasion and to form distant metastatic colonies still remain largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) and explored the underlying mechanisms in invasion and metastasis of CRC. We show that both high FOXC2 expression and nuclear localization of FOXC2 are significantly correlated with advanced TNM (T=primary tumor; N=regional lymph nodes; M=distant metastasis) stages. FOXC2 enhanced the invasive abilities of CRC cells in vitro and promoted local invasion and distant metastasis in an orthotopic mouse metastatic model of CRC. Microarray analysis revealed that overexpression of FOXC2 increased the proto-oncogene MET tyrosine kinase expression and activated the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-MET signaling pathway. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that FOXC2 directly associated with MET promoter to increase the transcriptional activity of MET. Inhibition of MET attenuates the invasive phenotype and metastatic potential of FOXC2-overexpressing CRC cells, indicating that MET is a major mediator of FOXC2-promoted metastasis. In addition, FOXC2 expression was positively correlated with MET expression in CRC tissue samples. Our findings suggest that FOXC2 has a crucial role in CRC metastasis by regulating HGF-MET signaling via inducing MET expression, highlighting FOXC2 as a potential therapeutic target for preventing or reducing metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-M Cui
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - H-L Jiao
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y-P Ye
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - C-M Chen
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - J-X Wang
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - N Tang
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - T-T Li
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Lin
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Qi
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - P Wu
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - S-Y Wang
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - M-R He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Liang
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - X-W Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - W-T Liao
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y-Q Ding
- 1] Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [3] Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
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Ciamporcero E, Miles KM, Adelaiye R, Ramakrishnan S, Shen L, Ku S, Pizzimenti S, Sennino B, Barrera G, Pili R. Combination strategy targeting VEGF and HGF/c-met in human renal cell carcinoma models. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:101-10. [PMID: 25381264 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alternative pathways to the VEGF, such as hepatocyte growth factor or HGF/c-met, are emerging as key players in tumor angiogenesis and resistance to anti-VEGF therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a combination strategy targeting the VEGF and c-met pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) models. Male SCID mice (8/group) were implanted with 786-O tumor pieces and treated with either a selective VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, axitinib (36 mg/kg, 2×/day); a c-met inhibitor, crizotinib (25 mg/kg, 1×/day); or combination. We further tested this drug combination in a human ccRCC patient-derived xenograft, RP-R-01, in both VEGF-targeted therapy-sensitive and -resistant models. To evaluate the resistant phenotype, we established an RP-R-01 sunitinib-resistant model by continuous sunitinib treatment (60 mg/kg, 1×/day) of RP-R-01-bearing mice. Treatment with single-agent crizotinib reduced tumor vascularization but failed to inhibit tumor growth in either model, despite also a significant increase of c-met expression and phosphorylation in the sunitinib-resistant tumors. In contrast, axitinib treatment was effective in inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth in both models, with its antitumor effect significantly increased by the combined treatment with crizotinib, independently from c-met expression. Combination treatment also induced prolonged survival and significant tumor growth inhibition in the 786-O human RCC model. Overall, our results support the rationale for the clinical testing of combined VEGF and HGF/c-met pathway blockade in the treatment of ccRCC, both in first- and second-line setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ciamporcero
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Remi Adelaiye
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Department of Cancer Pathology and Prevention, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Swathi Ramakrishnan
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Department of Cancer Pathology and Prevention, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Li Shen
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - ShengYu Ku
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Department of Cancer Pathology and Prevention, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Sennino
- Department of Anatomy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Giuseppina Barrera
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
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Li J, Dong X, Wang Z, Wu J. MicroRNA-1 in Cardiac Diseases and Cancers. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:359-63. [PMID: 25352753 PMCID: PMC4211117 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.5.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous ≈22-nt non-coding RNAs that participate in the regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. MiR-1 is one of the muscle-specific miRs, aberrant expression of miR-1 plays important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus on the recent studies about miR-1 in cardiac diseases and cancers. The findings indicate that miR-1 may be a novel, important biomarker, and a potential therapeutic target in cardiac diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhe Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
| | - Xiaomin Dong
- Department of Osteology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zhongping Wang
- Department of Physiology and pathophysiology, school of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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Gelsomino F, Rossi G, Tiseo M. MET and Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:2100-15. [PMID: 25314153 PMCID: PMC4276958 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6042100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive lung tumors. The majority of patients with SCLC are diagnosed at an advanced stage. This tumor type is highly sensitive to chemo-radiation treatment, with very high response rates, but invariably relapses. At this time, treatment options are still limited and the prognosis of these patients is poor. A better knowledge of the molecular biology of SCLC allowed us to identify potential druggable targets. Among these, the MET/HGF axis seems to be one of the most aberrant signaling pathways involved in SCLC invasiveness and progression. In this review, we describe briefly all recent literature on the different molecular profiling in SCLC; in particular, we discuss the specific alterations involving c-MET gene and their implications as a potential target in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gelsomino
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Operative Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Viale A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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Kawakami H, Okamoto I, Okamoto W, Tanizaki J, Nakagawa K, Nishio K. Targeting MET Amplification as a New Oncogenic Driver. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1540-52. [PMID: 25055117 PMCID: PMC4190554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain genetically defined cancers are dependent on a single overactive oncogene for their proliferation and survival, a phenomenon known as "oncogene addiction". A new generation of drugs that selectively target such "driver oncogenes" manifests a clinical efficacy greater than that of conventional chemotherapy in appropriate genetically defined patients. MET is a proto-oncogene that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, and aberrant activation of MET signaling occurs in a subset of advanced cancers as result of various genetic alterations including gene amplification, polysomy, and gene mutation. Our preclinical studies have shown that inhibition of MET signaling either with the small-molecule MET inhibitor crizotinib or by RNA interference targeted to MET mRNA resulted in marked antitumor effects in cancer cell lines with MET amplification both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, patients with non-small cell lung cancer or gastric cancer positive for MET amplification have shown a pronounced clinical response to crizotinib. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence thus suggests that MET amplification is an "oncogenic driver" and therefore a valid target for treatment. However, the prevalence of MET amplification has not been fully determined, possibly in part because of the difficulty in evaluating gene amplification. In this review, we provide a rationale for targeting this genetic alteration in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Junko Tanizaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
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Jardim DLF, de Melo Gagliato D, Falchook G, Zinner R, Wheler JJ, Janku F, Subbiah V, Piha-Paul SA, Fu S, Tannir N, Corn P, Tang C, Hess K, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Kurzrock R, Meric-Bernstam F, Hong DS. MET abnormalities in patients with genitourinary malignancies and outcomes with c-MET inhibitors. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2014; 13:e19-26. [PMID: 25087088 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MET amplification and mutation among GU malignancies and its association with clinical factors and responses to c-MET inhibitors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with GU malignancies referred to our Phase I Clinical Trials Program were evaluated for MET mutation and amplification and outcomes using protocols with c-MET inhibitors. RESULTS MET amplification was found in 7 of 97 (7.2%) patients (4/27 renal [all clear cell], 1/18 urothelial, and 2/12 adrenocortical carcinoma), with MET mutation/variant in 3 of 54 (5.6%) (2/20 renal cell carcinoma [RCC] [1 clear cell and 1 papillary] and 1/16 prostate cancer). No demographic characteristics were associated with specific MET abnormalities, but patients who tested positive for mutation or amplification had more metastatic sites (median, 4 vs. 3 for wild type MET). Median overall survival after phase I consultation was 6.1 and 11.5 months for patients with and without a MET alteration, respectively (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 6.9; P = .034). Twenty-nine (25%) patients were treated according to a c-MET inhibitor protocol. Six (21%) had a partial response (prostate and RCC) and 10 (34%) had stable disease as best response. Median time to tumor progression was 2.3 months (range, 0.4-19.7) for all treated patients with no responses in patients with a MET abnormality or single-agent c-MET inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSION MET genetic abnormalities occur in diverse GU malignancies and are associated with a worse prognosis in a phase I setting. Efficacy of c-MET inhibitors was more pronounced in patients without MET abnormalities and when combined with other targets/drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis L F Jardim
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Débora de Melo Gagliato
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gerald Falchook
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ralph Zinner
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer J Wheler
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nizar Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Paul Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kenneth Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Analysis of MET genetic aberrations in patients with breast cancer at MD Anderson Phase I unit. Clin Breast Cancer 2014; 14:468-74. [PMID: 25065564 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose phosphorylation activates important proliferation pathways. MET amplification and mutation have been described in various malignancies, including breast cancer (BC), and c-MET overexpression is associated with worse survival outcomes in patients with BC. We describe MET mutation and amplification rates in a BC cohort of patients referred to a Phase I Unit. METHODS We reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients with advanced BC tested for MET amplification, mutation, or both who were referred to the Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics at MD Anderson. RESULTS A total of 107 patients with advanced BC were analyzed for MET mutation/variant (88 patients) or amplification (63 patients). Of these, 49 were tested for both genetic abnormalities. Three of 63 patients (4.7%) demonstrated MET gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (2 in primary tissue; 1 in metastatic site). MET mutation/variant was detected in 8 of 88 patients (9%). High-grade tumors were characteristic of all patients harboring MET amplification and were present in 7 of 8 (87.5%) of those with MET mutation. Metastatic sites were greater in MET-amplified compared with wild-type patients (median of 7 vs. 3 sites). Five of 8 patients (62.5%) with MET mutations had triple negative BC compared with 46% in controls. In addition, patients with positive test results for MET aberrations (n = 11) had inferior overall survival (OS) from Phase I consult compared with wild-type patients (n = 37), although this was not statistically significant (median OS = 9 vs. 15 months, P = .43). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients with BC who were referred to our Phase I Department, MET aberrations were associated with higher metastatic burden and high-grade histology. We could not demonstrate differences in survival outcomes because of a small sample size.
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