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Belarbi K, Cuvelier E, Bonte MA, Desplanque M, Gressier B, Devos D, Chartier-Harlin MC. Glycosphingolipids and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:59. [PMID: 33069254 PMCID: PMC7568394 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway and the formation of neuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Chronic neuroinflammation, another hallmark of the disease, is thought to play an important role in the neurodegenerative process. Glycosphingolipids are a well-defined subclass of lipids that regulate crucial aspects of the brain function and recently emerged as potent regulators of the inflammatory process. Deregulation in glycosphingolipid metabolism has been reported in Parkinson's disease. However, the interrelationship between glycosphingolipids and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease is not well known. This review provides a thorough overview of the links between glycosphingolipid metabolism and immune-mediated mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. After a brief presentation of the metabolism and function of glycosphingolipids in the brain, it summarizes the evidences supporting that glycosphingolipids (i.e. glucosylceramides or specific gangliosides) are deregulated in Parkinson's disease. Then, the implications of these deregulations for neuroinflammation, based on data from human inherited lysosomal glycosphingolipid storage disorders and gene-engineered animal studies are outlined. Finally, the key molecular mechanisms by which glycosphingolipids could control neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease are highlighted. These include inflammasome activation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered calcium homeostasis, changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability, recruitment of peripheral immune cells or production of autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Belarbi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
- Département de Pharmacologie de la Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Elodie Cuvelier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
- Département de Pharmacologie de la Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Amandine Bonte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
| | - Mazarine Desplanque
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
- Département de Pharmacologie de la Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Gressier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
- Département de Pharmacologie de la Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Devos
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
- Département de Pharmacologie Médicale, I-SITE ULNE, LiCEND, Lille, France
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Leal AF, Benincore-Flórez E, Solano-Galarza D, Garzón Jaramillo RG, Echeverri-Peña OY, Suarez DA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Espejo-Mojica AJ. GM2 Gangliosidoses: Clinical Features, Pathophysiological Aspects, and Current Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176213. [PMID: 32867370 PMCID: PMC7503724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of pathologies characterized by GM2 ganglioside accumulation into the lysosome due to mutations on the genes encoding for the β-hexosaminidases subunits or the GM2 activator protein. Three GM2 gangliosidoses have been described: Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and the AB variant. Central nervous system dysfunction is the main characteristic of GM2 gangliosidoses patients that include neurodevelopment alterations, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Currently, there is not approved therapy for GM2 gangliosidoses, but different therapeutic strategies have been studied including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, pharmacological chaperones, and gene therapy. The blood-brain barrier represents a challenge for the development of therapeutic agents for these disorders. In this sense, alternative routes of administration (e.g., intrathecal or intracerebroventricular) have been evaluated, as well as the design of fusion peptides that allow the protein transport from the brain capillaries to the central nervous system. In this review, we outline the current knowledge about clinical and physiopathological findings of GM2 gangliosidoses, as well as the ongoing proposals to overcome some limitations of the traditional alternatives by using novel strategies such as molecular Trojan horses or advanced tools of genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Eliana Benincore-Flórez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Daniela Solano-Galarza
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Rafael Guillermo Garzón Jaramillo
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Olga Yaneth Echeverri-Peña
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Diego A. Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.A.-D.); (A.J.E.-M.); Tel.: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4140) (C.J.A.-D.); +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4099) (A.J.E.-M.)
| | - Angela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.A.-D.); (A.J.E.-M.); Tel.: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4140) (C.J.A.-D.); +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4099) (A.J.E.-M.)
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Screening for Fabry Disease in Patients With Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arch Rheumatol 2020; 35:7-12. [PMID: 32637914 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2020.7135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to determine the prevalence of Fabry disease (FD) among patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients and methods This cross-sectional study included 76 juvenile SLE patients (12 males; 64 females; mean age 16±3.3 years; range, 8 to 23.5 years) who were diagnosed according to 1997 update of the 1982 American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for classification of SLE. Since the majority of patients were female, alpha-galactosidase A gene was investigated for mutations resulting in FD. Lysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) was further evaluated in mutation positive subjects by using dried blood spot testing. Results Alpha-galactosidase A gene screening did not yield any positive mutation in our 74 subjects. However, a heterozygous p.D313Y mutation was found in two females. These subjects were further investigated for lyso-Gb3 levels in dried blood spot samples and the levels of lyso-Gb3 being normal lead to exclusion of FD in these two patients. Conclusion We do not suggest routine screening of FD in patients with juvenile SLE; however, prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed for further analysis.
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Dimitriou E, Paschali E, Kanariou M, Michelakakis H. Prevalence of antibodies to ganglioside and Hep 2 in Gaucher, Niemann - Pick type C and Sanfilippo diseases. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 20:100477. [PMID: 31194046 PMCID: PMC6554541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs) are rare genetic diseases, the majority of which are caused by specific lysosomal enzyme deficiencies and all are characterized by malfunctioning lysosomes. Lysosomes are key regulators of many different cellular processes and are vital for the function of the immune system. Several studies have shown the coexistence of LSDs and immune abnormalities. In this study, we investigated the presence of autoantibodies in the plasma of patients with Gaucher disease (GD; n = 6), Sanfilippo Syndrome B (SFB; n = 8) and Niemann - Pick type C disease (NPC; n = 5) before and following Miglustat treatment (n = 3). All were examined for antibodies to antigens of Hep-2 cells and antiganglioside antibodies (AGSA). No autoantibodies were detected in GD patients. 3/8 SFB patients showed only AGSA (2/3 IgM / IgG; 1/3 IgG), 3/8 only anti-Sm E/F and 2/8 showed both IgM / IgG or IgG AGSA and anti-Sm E/F. 3/5 NPC patients showed AGSA (2/3 IgM and IgG, 1/3 IgM) and one anti-Sm E/F and IgM AGSA. Following treatment one patient with no AGSA developed IgM AGSA and two with both IgG and IgM showed only IgG AGSA. In our study, investigating similar numbers of patients, autoantibodies were observed in NPC and SFB patients but not in GD patients. Our findings suggest that, independently of the development of an autoimmune disease in patients with LSDs, there seems to be an autoimmune activation that differs in different disorders. Further studies including more patients, also at different stages of disease and treatment, are needed in order to get further insight into the immune irregularities associated with different LSDs and their significance.
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Key Words
- AGSA, Antiganglioside antibodies
- AMA-M2, antimitochondrial antibodies to M2 antigen
- Autoimmunity
- GD, Gaucher disease
- Gaucher disease
- Immunoglobulins
- Jo-1, Histidyl-tRNA synthetase antigen
- Ku:Ku antigen(p70/p80)CENP A,B,C, Centromere proteins A,B,C
- LSDs, Lysosomal storage diseases
- NPC, Niemann Pick type C disease
- Niemann pick type C disease
- PM-Scl-70, Polymyositis - Scleroderma-70
- RNP, ribonucleoprotein
- SFB, Sanfilippo B syndrome
- SS-A, Sjögren's antigen A
- SS-B, Sjögren's syndrome antigen B
- Sanfilippo B syndrome
- Scl-70, Scleroderma-70
- Sm, Smith antigen (B,B′,D,E,F,G proteins)
- rib-P-Protein, Ribosomal P protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Dimitriou
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Paschali
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility Specialized Center & Referral Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Paediatric Immunology, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kanariou
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility Specialized Center & Referral Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Paediatric Immunology, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Michelakakis
- Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
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Platt FM, d'Azzo A, Davidson BL, Neufeld EF, Tifft CJ. Lysosomal storage diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018. [PMID: 30275469 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0025-4]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of over 70 diseases that are characterized by lysosomal dysfunction, most of which are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. These disorders are individually rare but collectively affect 1 in 5,000 live births. LSDs typically present in infancy and childhood, although adult-onset forms also occur. Most LSDs have a progressive neurodegenerative clinical course, although symptoms in other organ systems are frequent. LSD-associated genes encode different lysosomal proteins, including lysosomal enzymes and lysosomal membrane proteins. The lysosome is the key cellular hub for macromolecule catabolism, recycling and signalling, and defects that impair any of these functions cause the accumulation of undigested or partially digested macromolecules in lysosomes (that is, 'storage') or impair the transport of molecules, which can result in cellular damage. Consequently, the cellular pathogenesis of these diseases is complex and is currently incompletely understood. Several LSDs can be treated with approved, disease-specific therapies that are mostly based on enzyme replacement. However, small-molecule therapies, including substrate reduction and chaperone therapies, have also been developed and are approved for some LSDs, whereas gene therapy and genome editing are at advanced preclinical stages and, for a few disorders, have already progressed to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Neufeld
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Office of the Clinical Director and Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ito D, Ishikawa C, Jeffery ND, Ono K, Tsuboi M, Uchida K, Yamato O, Kitagawa M. Two-Year Follow-Up Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings and Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis of a Dog with Sandhoff's Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:797-804. [PMID: 29478290 PMCID: PMC5867010 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 13‐month‐old female Toy Poodle was presented for progressive ataxia and intention tremors of head movement. The diagnosis of Sandhoff's disease (GM2 gangliosidosis) was confirmed by deficient β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase A and B activity in circulating leukocytes and identification of the homozygous mutation (HEXB: c.283delG). White matter in the cerebrum and cerebellum was hyperintense on T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance images. Over the next 2 years, the white matter lesions expanded, and bilateral lesions appeared in the cerebellum and thalamus, associated with clinical deterioration. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed progressive decrease in brain N‐acetylaspartate, and glycine‐myo‐inositol and lactate‐alanine were increased in the terminal clinical stage. The concentrations of myelin basic protein and neuron specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid were persistently increased. Imaging and spectroscopic appearance correlated with histopathological findings of severe myelin loss in cerebral and cerebellar white matter and destruction of the majority of cerebral and cerebellar neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ito
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - C Ishikawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N D Jeffery
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX
| | - K Ono
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Tsuboi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Kitagawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Cachón-González MB, Zaccariotto E, Cox TM. Genetics and Therapies for GM2 Gangliosidosis. Curr Gene Ther 2018; 18:68-89. [PMID: 29618308 PMCID: PMC6040173 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666180404162622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease, caused by impaired β-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity, was the first GM2 gangliosidosis to be studied and one of the most severe and earliest lysosomal diseases to be described. The condition, associated with the pathological build-up of GM2 ganglioside, has acquired almost iconic status and serves as a paradigm in the study of lysosomal storage diseases. Inherited as a classical autosomal recessive disorder, this global disease of the nervous system induces developmental arrest with regression of attained milestones; neurodegeneration progresses rapidly to cause premature death in young children. There is no effective treatment beyond palliative care, and while the genetic basis of GM2 gangliosidosis is well established, the molecular and cellular events, from diseasecausing mutations and glycosphingolipid storage to disease manifestations, remain to be fully delineated. Several therapeutic approaches have been attempted in patients, including enzymatic augmentation, bone marrow transplantation, enzyme enhancement, and substrate reduction therapy. Hitherto, none of these stratagems has materially altered the course of the disease. Authentic animal models of GM2 gangliodidosis have facilitated in-depth evaluation of innovative applications such as gene transfer, which in contrast to other interventions, shows great promise. This review outlines current knowledge pertaining the pathobiology as well as potential innovative treatments for the GM2 gangliosidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Zaccariotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Platt FM. Emptying the stores: lysosomal diseases and therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 17:133-150. [PMID: 29147032 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) - designated as 'orphan' diseases - are inborn errors of metabolism caused by defects in genes that encode proteins involved in various aspects of lysosomal homeostasis. For many years, LSDs were viewed as unattractive targets for the development of therapies owing to their low prevalence. However, the development and success of the first commercial biologic therapy for an LSD - enzyme replacement therapy for type 1 Gaucher disease - coupled with regulatory incentives rapidly catalysed commercial interest in therapeutically targeting LSDs. Despite ongoing challenges, various therapeutic strategies for LSDs now exist, with many agents approved, undergoing clinical trials or in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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Ogawa Y, Kaizu K, Yanagi Y, Takada S, Sakuraba H, Oishi K. Abnormal differentiation of Sandhoff disease model mouse-derived multipotent stem cells toward a neural lineage. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178978. [PMID: 28575132 PMCID: PMC5456357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Sandhoff disease (SD), the activity of the lysosomal hydrolytic enzyme, β-hexosaminidase (Hex), is lost due to a Hexb gene defect, which results in the abnormal accumulation of the substrate, GM2 ganglioside (GM2), in neuronal cells, causing neuronal loss, microglial activation, and astrogliosis. We established induced pluripotent stem cells from the cells of SD mice (SD-iPSCs). In the present study, we investigated the occurrence of abnormal differentiation and development of a neural lineage in the asymptomatic phase of SD in vitro using SD mouse fetus-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) and SD-iPSCs. It was assumed that the number of SD mouse fetal brain-derived NSCs was reduced and differentiation was promoted, resulting in the inhibition of differentiation into neurons and enhancement of differentiation into astrocytes. The number of SD-iPSC-derived NSCs was also reduced, suggesting that the differentiation of NSCs was promoted, resulting in the inhibition of differentiation into neurons and enhancement of that into astrocytes. This abnormal differentiation of SD-iPSCs toward a neural lineage was reduced by the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, miglustat. Furthermore, abnormal differentiation toward a neural lineage was reduced in SD-iPSCs with Hexb gene transfection. Therefore, differentiation ability along the time axis appears to be altered in SD mice in which the differentiation ability of NSCs is promoted and differentiation into neurons is completed earlier, while the timing of differentiation into astrocytes is accelerated. These results clarified that the abnormal differentiation of SD-iPSCs toward a neural lineage in vitro was shown to reflect the pathology of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Kaizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Subaru Takada
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Oishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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10
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FcRγ-dependent immune activation initiates astrogliosis during the asymptomatic phase of Sandhoff disease model mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40518. [PMID: 28084424 PMCID: PMC5234013 DOI: 10.1038/srep40518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is caused by the loss of β-hexosaminidase (Hex) enzymatic activity in lysosomes resulting from Hexb mutations. In SD patients, the Hex substrate GM2 ganglioside accumulates abnormally in neuronal cells, resulting in neuronal loss, microglial activation, and astrogliosis. Hexb−/− mice, which manifest a phenotype similar to SD, serve as animal models for examining the pathophysiology of SD. Hexb−/− mice reach ~8 weeks without obvious neurological defects; however, trembling begins at 12 weeks and is accompanied by startle reactions and increased limb tone. These symptoms gradually become severe by 16–18 weeks. Immune reactions caused by autoantibodies have been recently associated with the pathology of SD. The inhibition of immune activation may represent a novel therapeutic target for SD. Herein, SD mice (Hexb−/−) were crossed to mice lacking an activating immune receptor (FcRγ−/−) to elucidate the potential relationship between immune responses activated through SD autoantibodies and astrogliosis. Microglial activation and astrogliosis were observed in cortices of Hexb−/− mice during the asymptomatic phase, and were inhibited in Hexb−/−FcRγ−/− mice. Moreover, early astrogliosis and impaired motor coordination in Hexb−/− mice could be ameliorated by immunosuppressants, such as FTY720. Our findings demonstrate the importance of early treatment and the therapeutic effectiveness of immunosuppression in SD.
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Matsuoka K, Tsuji D, Taki T, Itoh K. Thymic involution and corticosterone level in Sandhoff disease model mice: new aspects the pathogenesis of GM2 gangliosidosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:1061-8. [PMID: 21598013 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a lysosomal disease caused by a mutation of the HEXB gene associated with excessive accumulation of GM2 ganglioside (GM2) in lysosomes and neurological manifestations. Production of autoantibodies against the accumulated gangliosides has been reported to be involved in the progressive pathogenesis of GM2 gangliosidosis, although the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The thymus is the key organ in the acquired immune system including the development of autoantibodies. We showed here that thymic involution and an increase in cell death in the organ occur in SD model mice at a late stage of the pathogenesis. Dramatic increases in the populations of Annexin-V(+) cells and terminal deoxynucletidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) (+) cells were observed throughout the thymuses of 15-week old SD mice. Enhanced caspase-3/7 activation, but not that of caspase-1/4, -6 ,-8, or -9, was also demonstrated. Furthermore, the serum level of corticosterone, a potent inducer of apoptosis of thymocytes, was elevated during the same period of apoptosis. Our studies suggested that an increase in endocrine corticosterone may be one of the causes that accelerate the apoptosis of thymocytes leading to thymic involution in GM2 gangliosidosis, and thus can be used as a disease marker for evaluation of the thymic condition and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Matsuoka
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78 Sho-machi, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
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Kanzaki S, Yamaguchi A, Yamaguchi K, Kojima Y, Suzuki K, Koumitsu N, Nagashima Y, Nagahama K, Ehara M, Hirayasu Y, Ryo A, Aoki I, Yamanaka S. Thymic alterations in GM2 gangliosidoses model mice. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20856892 PMCID: PMC2938369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sandhoff disease is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the absence of β-hexosaminidase and storage of GM2 ganglioside and related glycolipids. We have previously found that the progressive neurologic disease induced in Hexb−/− mice, an animal model for Sandhoff disease, is associated with the production of pathogenic anti-glycolipid autoantibodies. Methodology/Principal Findings In our current study, we report on the alterations in the thymus during the development of mild to severe progressive neurologic disease. The thymus from Hexb−/− mice of greater than 15 weeks of age showed a marked decrease in the percentage of immature CD4+/CD8+ T cells and a significantly increased number of CD4+/CD8− T cells. During involution, the levels of both apoptotic thymic cells and IgG deposits to T cells were found to have increased, whilst swollen macrophages were prominently observed, particularly in the cortex. We employed cDNA microarray analysis to monitor gene expression during the involution process and found that genes associated with the immune responses were upregulated, particularly those expressed in macrophages. CXCL13 was one of these upregulated genes and is expressed specifically in the thymus. B1 cells were also found to have increased in the thy mus. It is significant that these alterations in the thymus were reduced in FcRγ additionally disrupted Hexb−/− mice. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that the FcRγ chain may render the usually poorly immunogenic thymus into an organ prone to autoimmune responses, including the chemotaxis of B1 cells toward CXCL13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Kanzaki
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kayoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Kojima
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kyoko Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Koumitsu
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nagahama
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiko Ehara
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirayasu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamanaka
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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13
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Vitner EB, Platt FM, Futerman AH. Common and uncommon pathogenic cascades in lysosomal storage diseases. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:20423-7. [PMID: 20430897 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r110.134452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), of which about 50 are known, are caused by the defective activity of lysosomal proteins, resulting in accumulation of unmetabolized substrates. As a result, a variety of pathogenic cascades are activated such as altered calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, altered lipid trafficking, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autoimmune responses. Some of these pathways are common to many LSDs, whereas others are only altered in a subset of LSDs. We now review how these cascades impact upon LSD pathology and suggest how intervention in the pathways may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat B Vitner
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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14
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Early deficits in motor coordination and cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder, Sandhoff disease. Behav Brain Res 2008; 193:315-9. [PMID: 18611415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of lysosomal storage diseases, including Sandhoff disease, are frequently employed to test therapies directed at the central nervous system. We backbred such mice and conducted a behavioral test battery which included sensorimotor and cognitive assessments. This is the first report of short-term memory deficits in a murine model of Sandhoff disease. We also document early onset of motor deficits using the balance beam test.
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15
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Cachón-González MB, Wang SZ, Lynch A, Ziegler R, Cheng SH, Cox TM. Effective gene therapy in an authentic model of Tay-Sachs-related diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:10373-10378. [PMID: 16801539 PMCID: PMC1482797 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603765103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease is a prototypic neurodegenerative disease. Lysosomal storage of GM2 ganglioside in Tay-Sachs and the related disorder, Sandhoff disease, is caused by deficiency of beta-hexosaminidase A, a heterodimeric protein. Tay-Sachs-related diseases (GM2 gangliosidoses) are incurable, but gene therapy has the potential for widespread correction of the underlying lysosomal defect by means of the secretion-recapture cellular pathway for enzymatic complementation. Sandhoff mice, lacking the beta-subunit of hexosaminidase, manifest many signs of classical human Tay-Sachs disease and, with an acute course, die before 20 weeks of age. We treated Sandhoff mice by stereotaxic intracranial inoculation of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors encoding the complementing human beta-hexosaminidase alpha and beta subunit genes and elements, including an HIV tat sequence, to enhance protein expression and distribution. Animals survived for >1 year with sustained, widespread, and abundant enzyme delivery in the nervous system. Onset of the disease was delayed with preservation of motor function; inflammation and GM2 ganglioside storage in the brain and spinal cord was reduced. Gene delivery of beta-hexosaminidase A by using adeno-associated viral vectors has realistic potential for treating the human Tay-Sachs-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Begoña Cachón-González
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Box 157, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Z Wang
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Box 157, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Lynch
- Centre for Applied Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, United Kingdom; and
| | - Robin Ziegler
- Genzyme Corporation, 31 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701-9322
| | - Seng H Cheng
- Genzyme Corporation, 31 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701-9322
| | - Timothy M Cox
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Box 157, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom;
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16
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Abstract
The activation threshold of cells in the immune system is often tuned by cell surface molecules. The Fc receptors expressed on various hematopoietic cells constitute critical elements for activating or downmodulating immune responses and combines humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Thus, Fc receptors are the intelligent sensors of the immune status in the individual. However, impaired regulation by Fc receptors will lead to unresponsiveness or hyperreactivity to foreign as well as self-antigens. Murine models for autoimmune disease indicate the indispensable roles of the inhibitory Fc receptor in the suppression of such disorders, whereas activating-type FcRs are crucial for the onset and exacerbation of the disease. The development of many autoimmune diseases in humans may be caused by impairment of the human Fc receptor regulatory system. This review is aimed at providing a current overview of the mechanism of Fc receptor-based immune regulation and the possible scenario of how autoimmune disease might result from their dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Takai
- Department of Experimental Immunology and CREST Program of Japan Science and Technology Agency, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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