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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 29 patients hemizygous for hypomorphic IKBKG/NEMO mutations. Blood 2017; 130:1456-1467. [PMID: 28679735 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-771600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked recessive ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by hypomorphic mutations of the IKBKG gene encoding the nuclear factor κB essential modulator (NEMO) protein. This condition displays enormous allelic, immunological, and clinical heterogeneity, and therapeutic decisions are difficult because NEMO operates in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is potentially life-saving, but the small number of case reports available suggests it has been reserved for only the most severe cases. Here, we report the health status before HSCT, transplantation outcome, and clinical follow-up for a series of 29 patients from unrelated kindreds from 11 countries. Between them, these patients carry 23 different hypomorphic IKBKG mutations. HSCT was performed from HLA-identical related donors (n = 7), HLA-matched unrelated donors (n = 12), HLA-mismatched unrelated donors (n = 8), and HLA-haploidentical related donors (n = 2). Engraftment was documented in 24 patients, and graft-versus-host disease in 13 patients. Up to 7 patients died 0.2 to 12 months after HSCT. The global survival rate after HSCT among NEMO-deficient children was 74% at a median follow-up after HSCT of 57 months (range, 4-108 months). Preexisting mycobacterial infection and colitis were associated with poor HSCT outcome. The underlying mutation does not appear to have any influence, as patients with the same mutation had different outcomes. Transplantation did not appear to cure colitis, possibly as a result of cell-intrinsic disorders of the epithelial barrier. Overall, HSCT can cure most clinical features of patients with a variety of IKBKG mutations.
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2
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Guo L, Lee HH, Noriega MDLM, Paust HJ, Zahner G, Thaiss F. Lymphocyte-specific deletion of IKK2 or NEMO mediates an increase in intrarenal Th17 cells and accelerates renal damage in an ischemia-reperfusion injury mouse model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1005-F1014. [PMID: 27582100 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00242.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor patient outcome and a global burden for end-stage renal disease. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major causes of AKI, and experimental work has revealed many details of the inflammatory response in the kidney, such as activation of the NF-κB pathway. Here, we investigated whether deletion of the NF-κB kinases IKK2 or NEMO in lymphocytes or systemic inhibition of IKK2 would cause different kidney inflammatory responses after IRI induction. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, and renal tubular injury score were significantly increased in CD4creIKK2f/f (CD4xIKK2Δ) and CD4creNEMOf/f (CD4xNEMOΔ) mice compared with CD4cre mice after IRI induction. The frequency of Th17 cells infiltrating the kidneys of CD4xIKK2Δ or CD4xNEMOΔ mice was also significantly increased at all time points. CCL20, an important chemokine in Th17 cell recruitment, was significantly increased at early time points after the induction of IRI. IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL2 were also significantly increased in different patterns. A specific IKK2 inhibitor, KINK-1, reduced BUN and serum creatinine compared with nontreated mice after IRI induction, but the frequency of kidney Th17 cells was also significantly increased. In conclusion, although systemic IKK2 inhibition improved kidney function, lymphocyte-specific deletion of IKK2 or NEMO aggravated kidney injury after IRI, and, in both conditions, the percentage of Th17 cells was increased. Our findings demonstrate the critical role of the NF-κB pathway in Th17 activation, which advises caution when using systemic IKK2 inhibitors in patients with kidney injury, since they might impair the T cell response and aggravate renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Guo
- III Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Heejung Lee
- III Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Hans J Paust
- III Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Zahner
- III Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Thaiss
- III Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Huppmann AR, Leiding JW, Hsu AP, Raffeld M, Uzel G, Pittaluga S, Holland SM. Pathologic Findings in NEMO Deficiency: A Surgical and Autopsy Survey. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2015; 18:387-400. [PMID: 26230867 DOI: 10.2350/15-05-1631-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypomorphic mutations in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) essential modulator (NEMO), encoded by IKBKG, lead to a variable combined immunodeficiency, which puts patients at risk of early death from infectious complications. The spectrum of clinical manifestations includes inflammatory disorders, especially colitis. Because of the multiple complications of NEMO deficiency, a variety of biopsy, excisional, and autopsy materials from these patients may be subject to pathologic examination. Therefore, using samples from a cohort of patients with this disorder, we aimed to survey the pathologic spectrum of NEMO deficiency and search for correlations between specific genotypes and phenotypes. Clinical and laboratory data, mutation analysis, and pathology from 13 patients were examined, including 6 autopsies. No specific genotype-pathology correlation was identified. However, we confirmed an association between ectodermal dysplasia and inflammatory conditions. We found no characteristic pathology to identify patients with NEMO deficiency; therefore, history, physical examination, and specific infections must remain the clues to suggest the diagnosis. Variability among patients and by infection makes the pathologic recognition of NEMO deficiency challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Huppmann
- 1 Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer W Leiding
- 2 Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,3 University of South Florida, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Amy P Hsu
- 2 Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Raffeld
- 1 Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- 2 Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- 1 Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- 2 Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dan C, Jinjun B, Zi-Chun H, Lin M, Wei C, Xu Z, Ri Z, Shun C, Wen-Zhu S, Qing-Cai J, Wu Y. Modulation of TNF-α mRNA stability by human antigen R and miR181s in sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:140-57. [PMID: 25535255 PMCID: PMC4328645 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoparalysis is an important pathological mechanism in sepsis. However, an effective small molecule therapy is lacking. Here, we show that ouabain, a Na+,K+-ATPase ligand, can reverse immunoparalysis in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical samples. Notably, the effect of ouabain was critically dependent on TNF-α expression. However, ouabain had opposing effects on the stability of TNF-α mRNA: Ouabain triggered miR-181 transcription, which promoted TNF-α mRNA degradation and induced immunoparalysis, and ouabain triggered the nuclear export of human antigen R (HuR), which stabilized TNF-α mRNA and suppressed immuno-paralysis. Interestingly, because the miR-181 binding site is located within the HuR binding site in the 3′-untranslated region of TNF-α, in ouabain-treated cells, HuR competed with miR-181 for binding to TNF-α mRNA and recruited TNF-α mRNA to stress granules, thereby stabilizing TNF-α mRNA and reversing immunoparalysis. Ouabain also induced GM-CSF and interferon-γ expression in a HuR-dependent manner. Hence, the fine-tuning of TNF-α mRNA stability by HuR and miR181 plays a crucial role in immunoparalysis, and Na+,K+-ATPase ligands are promising agents for immunoparalysis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Dan
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bian Jinjun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Changhai Hospital Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zi-Chun
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ma Lin
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wei
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Changhai Hospital Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Ri
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Shun
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sun Wen-Zhu
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Qing-Cai
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Wu
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China The State Key Lab of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China Jiangsu Key Lab of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Zhao Y, Ma CA, Wu L, Iwai K, Ashwell JD, Oltz EM, Ballard DW, Jain A. CYLD and the NEMO Zinc Finger Regulate Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling and Early Embryogenesis. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26224629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) and cylindromatosis protein (CYLD) are intracellular proteins that regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway. Although mice with either CYLD deficiency or an alteration in the zinc finger domain of NEMO (K392R) are born healthy, we found that the combination of these two gene defects in double mutant (DM) mice is early embryonic lethal but can be rescued by the absence of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Notably, NEMO was not recruited into the TNFR1 complex of DM cells, and consequently NF-κB induction by TNF was severely impaired and DM cells were sensitized to TNF-induced cell death. Interestingly, the TNF signaling defects can be fully rescued by reconstitution of DM cells with CYLD lacking ubiquitin hydrolase activity but not with CYLD mutated in TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) or NEMO binding sites. Therefore, our data demonstrate an unexpected non-catalytic function for CYLD as an adapter protein between TRAF2 and the NEMO zinc finger that is important for TNF-induced NF-κB signaling during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongge Zhao
- From the Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Chi A Ma
- From the Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Liming Wu
- From the Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- the Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Dean W Ballard
- the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ashish Jain
- From the Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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NF-κB Essential Modulator Deficiency Leading to Disseminated Cutaneous Atypical Mycobacteria. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2015; 7:e2015010. [PMID: 25574369 PMCID: PMC4283928 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2015.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) is a kinase integral to the macrophage TNF-α pathway, which leads to the intracellular destruction of Mycobacteria species. Defects in the NEMO pathway result in spectrum of diseases, including but not limited to ectodermal dysplasia, Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases, and incontinentia pigmenti. In addition, paucity of NEMO can lead to the inability to mount a proper immune response against opportunistic pyogenic and mycobacterial infections, leading to dissemination to various organ systems. This manuscript will discuss the numerous clinical manifestations of NEMO deficiency, the differential diagnosis of atypical mycobacterial infections in immunocompetent adults, and feature a case report of rare isolated susceptibility to disseminated atypical mycobacteria due to a mutation in the first exon of the NEMO gene.
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Raje N, Soden S, Swanson D, Ciaccio CE, Kingsmore SF, Dinwiddie DL. Utility of next generation sequencing in clinical primary immunodeficiencies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2014; 14:468. [PMID: 25149170 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-014-0468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders that present with very similar symptoms, complicating definitive diagnosis. More than 240 genes have hitherto been associated with PIDs, of which more than 30 have been identified in the last 3 years. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of genomes or exomes of informative families has played a central role in the discovery of novel PID genes. Furthermore, NGS has the potential to transform clinical molecular testing for established PIDs, allowing all PID differential diagnoses to be tested at once, leading to increased diagnostic yield, while decreasing both the time and cost of obtaining a molecular diagnosis. Given that treatment of PID varies by disease gene, early achievement of a molecular diagnosis is likely to enhance treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Raje
- Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
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Espinosa L, Margalef P, Bigas A. Non-conventional functions for NF-κB members: the dark side of NF-κB. Oncogene 2014; 34:2279-87. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Büyükçelik M, Keskin M, Keskin Ö, Bay A, Demircioğlu Kılıç B, Kor Y, Kılınç MA, Balat A. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3c with ectodermal dysplasia, immune deficiency and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2014; 6:47-50. [PMID: 24637310 PMCID: PMC3986739 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) is a disorder which is associated with multiple endocrine gland insufficiency and also with non-endocrine manifestations. The pathophysiology of APS is poorly understood, but the hallmark evidence of APS is development of autoantibodies against multiple endocrine and non-endocrine organs. These autoantibodies are responsible for the dysfunction of the affected organs and sometimes may also cause non-endocrine organ dysfunction. The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious and life-threatening disease which develops due to many etiological factors including autoimmune disorders. Here, we present an unusual case of APS. Ectodermal dysplasia with immune deficiency and HUS occurred concomitantly in the same patient with APS type 3c. Once the autoantibody generation was initiated in the human body, development of multiple disorders due to organ dysfunction and also autoantibody-related diseases may have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithat Büyükçelik
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gaziantep, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Mehmet Keskin
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gaziantep, Turkey
,* Address for Correspondence: Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gaziantep, Turkey Phone: +90 342 360 60 60 E-mail:
| | - Özlem Keskin
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ali Bay
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Yılmaz Kor
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - M. Arda Kılınç
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Balat
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Huang WC, Hung MC. Beyond NF-κB activation: nuclear functions of IκB kinase α. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:3. [PMID: 23343355 PMCID: PMC3563485 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IκB kinase (IKK) complex, the master kinase for NF-κB activation, contains two kinase subunits, IKKα and IKKβ. In addition to mediating NF-κB signaling by phosphorylating IκB proteins during inflammatory and immune responses, the activation of the IKK complex also responds to various stimuli to regulate diverse functions independently of NF-κB. Although these two kinases share structural and biochemical similarities, different sub-cellular localization and phosphorylation targets between IKKα and IKKβ account for their distinct physiological and pathological roles. While IKKβ is predominantly cytoplasmic, IKKα has been found to shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The nuclear-specific roles of IKKα have brought increasing complexity to its biological function. This review highlights major advances in the studies of the nuclear functions of IKKα and the mechanisms of IKKα nuclear translocation. Understanding the nuclear activity is essential for targeting IKKα for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chien Huang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
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