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Artaxo P, Rizzo LV, Brito JF, Barbosa HMJ, Arana A, Sena ET, Cirino GG, Bastos W, Martin ST, Andreae MO. Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: from natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions. Faraday Discuss 2014; 165:203-35. [PMID: 24601004 DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the wet season, a large portion of the Amazon region constitutes one of the most pristine continental areas, with very low concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and aerosol particles. However, land use change modifies the biosphere-atmosphere interactions in such a way that key processes that maintain the functioning of Amazonia are substantially altered. This study presents a comparison between aerosol properties observed at a preserved forest site in Central Amazonia (TT34 North of Manaus) and at a heavily biomass burning impacted site in south-western Amazonia (PVH, close to Porto Velho). Amazonian aerosols were characterized in detail, including aerosol size distributions, aerosol light absorption and scattering, optical depth and aerosol inorganic and organic composition, among other properties. The central Amazonia site (TT34) showed low aerosol concentrations (PM2.5 of 1.3 +/- 0.7 microg m(-3) and 3.4 +/- 2.0 microg m(-3) in the wet and dry seasons, respectively), with a median particle number concentration of 220 cm(-3) in the wet season and 2200 cm(-3) in the dry season. At the impacted site (PVH), aerosol loadings were one order of magnitude higher (PM2.5 of 10.2 +/- 9.0 microg m(-3) and 33.0 +/- 36.0 microg m(-3) in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). The aerosol number concentration at the impacted site ranged from 680 cm(-3) in the wet season up to 20 000 cm(-3) in the dry season. An aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was deployed in 2013 at both sites, and it shows that organic aerosol account to 81% to the non-refractory PM1 aerosol loading at TT34, while biomass burning aerosols at PVH shows a 93% content of organic particles. Three years of filter-based elemental composition measurements shows that sulphate at the impacted site decreases, on average, from 12% of PM2.5 mass during the wet season to 5% in the dry season. This result corroborates the ACSM finding that the biomass burning contributed overwhelmingly to the organic fine mode aerosol during the dry season in this region. Aerosol light scattering and absorption coefficients at the TT34 site were low during the wet season, increasing by a factor of 5, approximately, in the dry season due to long range transport of biomass burning aerosols reaching the forest site in the dry season. Aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) ranged from 0.84 in the wet season up to 0.91 in the dry. At the PVH site, aerosol scattering coefficients were 3-5 times higher in comparison to the TT34 site, an indication of strong regional background pollution, even in the wet season. Aerosol absorption coefficients at PVH were about 1.4 times higher than at the forest site. Ground-based SSA at PVH was around 0.92 year round, showing the dominance of scattering aerosol particles over absorption, even for biomass burning aerosols. Remote sensing observations from six AERONET sites and from MODIS since 1999, provide a regional and temporal overview. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm of less than 0.1 is characteristic of natural conditions over Amazonia. At the perturbed PVH site, AOD550 values greater than 4 were frequently observed in the dry season. Combined analysis of MODIS and CERES showed that the mean direct radiative forcing of aerosols at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) during the biomass burning season was -5.6 +/- 1.7 W m(-2), averaged over whole Amazon Basin. For high AOD (larger than 1) the maximum daily direct aerosol radiative forcing at the TOA was as high as -20 W m(-2) locally. This change in the radiation balance caused increases in the diffuse radiation flux, with an increase of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of 18-29% for high AOD. From this analysis, it is clear that land use change in Amazonia shows alterations of many atmospheric properties, and these changes are affecting the functioning of the Amazonian ecosystem in significant ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Artaxo
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil.
| | - Luciana V Rizzo
- Department of Earth and Exact Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutics Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP - Campus Diadema, Rua Prof Artur Riedel, 275, CEP 09972-270, Diadema - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joel F Brito
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Henrique M J Barbosa
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Andrea Arana
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Elisa T Sena
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Glauber G Cirino
- INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - CEP 69067-375, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wanderlei Bastos
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental Wolfgang C. Pfeiffer, Universidade Federal de Rondônia - UNIR, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Meinrat O Andreae
- Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
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Badarinath KVS, Madhavi Latha K, Kiran Chand TR, Gupta PK, Ghosh AB, Jain SL, Gera BS, Singh R, Sarkar AK, Singh N, Parmar RS, Koul S, Kohli R, Nath S, Ojha VK, Singh G. Characterization of aerosols from biomass burning--a case study from Mizoram (Northeast), India. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 54:167-175. [PMID: 14559268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Physical and optical properties of biomass burning aerosols in Northeastern region, India analyzed based on measurements made during February 2002. Large spatial extent of Northeastern Region moist tropical to moist sub-tropical forests in India have high frequency of burning in annual dry seasons. Characterization of resultant trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning is important for the atmospheric radiative process. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) observed to be high during burning period compared to pre- and post-burning days. Peak period of biomass burning is highly correlated with measured AOD and total columnar water vapor. Size distribution of aerosols showed bimodal size distribution during burning day and unimodal size distribution during pre- and post-burning days. Size distribution retrievals from biomass burning aerosols show dominance of accumulation mode particles. Weighted mean radius is high (0.22 microm) during burning period. Columnar content of aerosols observed to be high during burning period in addition to the drastic reduction of visibility. During the burning day Anderson sampler measurements showed dominance of accumulation mode particles. The diurnal averaged values of surface shortwave aerosol radiative forcing af biomass burning aerosols varies from -59 to -87 Wm(-2) on different days. Measured and modeled solar irradiances are also discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V S Badarinath
- National Remote Sensing Agency, Department of Space--Government of India, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, India.
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Eck TF, Holben BN, Ward DE, Mukelabai MM, Dubovik O, Smirnov A, Schafer JS, Hsu NC, Piketh SJ, Queface A, Roux JL, Swap RJ, Slutsker I. Variability of biomass burning aerosol optical characteristics in southern Africa during the SAFARI 2000 dry season campaign and a comparison of single scattering albedo estimates from radiometric measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. F. Eck
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Biospheric Sciences Branch; National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - B. N. Holben
- Biospheric Sciences Branch; National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - D. E. Ward
- Enviropyronics; White Salmon Washington USA
| | | | - O. Dubovik
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Biospheric Sciences Branch; National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - A. Smirnov
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Biospheric Sciences Branch; National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - J. S. Schafer
- Biospheric Sciences Branch; National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Systems and Applications Inc.; National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - N. C. Hsu
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - S. J. Piketh
- Climatology Research Group; University of Witwatersrand; Gauteng South Africa
| | - A. Queface
- Climatology Research Group; University of Witwatersrand; Gauteng South Africa
| | - J. Le Roux
- Etosha Ecological Institute; Okaukuejo Namibia
| | - R. J. Swap
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - I. Slutsker
- Biospheric Sciences Branch; National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Systems and Applications Inc.; National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
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Eck TF, Holben BN, Ward DE, Dubovik O, Reid JS, Smirnov A, Mukelabai MM, Hsu NC, O'Neill NT, Slutsker I. Characterization of the optical properties of biomass burning aerosols in Zambia during the 1997 ZIBBEE field campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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