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Egan LA, Park HRP, Lam J, Gatt JM. Resilience to Stress and Adversity: A Narrative Review of the Role of Positive Affect. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2011-2038. [PMID: 38770188 PMCID: PMC11104260 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s391403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The modern conception of mental health encompasses not only mental illness but also mental wellbeing, including positive emotional states and other forms of positive experience. Accordingly, research on resilience - that is, recovery or adaptation following adversity - has recently expanded to consider the roles of positive affect in the resilience process. To review this research, we performed a keyword search of all peer-reviewed journals within the American Psychological Association's PsycInfo database, retrieving all studies of positive affect in the context of resilience. These studies measured positive affect either as the outcome of the resilience process or as a resilience resource in its own right. With positive affect as the outcome, the literature suggests that various resilience resources can promote positive affect following a stressor, especially positive personality traits (eg, hope, optimism, self-compassion) and supportive interpersonal connections. With positive affect as a resilience resource, the literature suggests that higher levels of positive affect may protect individuals from the impact of stress on a number of outcomes, such as depression and trauma symptoms. In all, the reviewed research showcases a wide range of stressors, resources, and outcomes, and there are numerous openings for future discoveries in this promising area of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Egan
- Centre for Wellbeing, Resilience and Recovery, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Haeme R P Park
- Centre for Wellbeing, Resilience and Recovery, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Janine Lam
- Centre for Wellbeing, Resilience and Recovery, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Centre for Wellbeing, Resilience and Recovery, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Chen Y, Ma J, Zhu H, Peng H, Gan Y. The mediating role of default mode network during meaning-making aroused by mental simulation between stressful events and stress-related growth: a task fMRI study. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:12. [PMID: 37454095 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressful events and meaning-making toward them play an important role in adolescents' life and growth. However, ignoring positive stressful events leads to negativity bias; further, the neural mechanisms of meaning-making are unclear. We aimed to verify the mediating role of meaning-making in stressful events and stress-related growth and the function of the default mode network (DMN) during meaning-making in this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. METHODS Participants comprised 59 university students. Stressful life events, meaning-making, and stress-related growth were assessed at baseline, followed by fMRI scanning during a meaning-making task aroused by mental simulation. General linear modeling and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses were used to explore the activation and functional connectivity of DMN during meaning-making. RESULTS Mental simulation triggered meaning-making, and DMN activity decreased during meaning-making. Activation of the DMN was negatively correlated with coping flexibility, an indicator of stress-related growth. PPI analysis showed that meaning-making was accompanied by diminished connectivity in the DMN. DMN activation during meaning-making can mediate the relationship between positive stressful events and coping flexibility. CONCLUSIONS Decreased DMN activity and diminished functional connectivity in the DMN occurred during meaning-making. Activation of the DMN during meaning-making could mediate the relationship between positive stressful events and stress-related growth, which provides a cognitive neural basis for the mediating role of meaning-making in the relationship between stressful events and indicators of stress-related growth. IMPLICATIONS This study supports the idea that prosperity makes heroes, expands the meaning-making model, and suggests the inclusion of enhancing personal resources and meaning-making in education. This study was the first to validate the activation pattern and functional connectivity of the DMN during meaning-making aroused by mental simulation using an fMRI task-state examination, which can enhance our sense of meaning and provide knowledge that can be used in clinical psychology interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was pre-registered in Open Science Framework (see osf.io/ahm6e for details).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Chen
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinjin Ma
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huanya Zhu
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huini Peng
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Deleuil S, Mussap AJ. Evaluating an online self-distancing intervention to promote emotional regulation and posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:18-37. [PMID: 36469741 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2150177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Three online studies were conducted to elucidate the role of emotional regulation (ER) in posttraumatic growth (PTG), evaluate the ability of an online self-distancing intervention to achieve ER, and test whether increasing the use of ER strategies promotes PTG. DESIGN Cross-sectional (Study 1) and longitudinal randomized controlled trials (RCT) (Studies 2 and 3). METHOD In Study 1, 626 adults completed measures of ER, PTG, and psychosocial functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Study 2, 149 adults participated in a five-week RCT comparing self-immersed, spatially self-distanced, and temporally self-distanced reflection in their ability to regulate negative affect. In Study 3, 117 adults replicated the RCT of Study 2 and completed the measures from Study 1 a week pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Path analyses confirmed that ER strategies were relevant to COVID-19-related PTG. MANOVAs revealed that self-distancing was effective in regulating state negative affect. However, ANOVAs suggest that this was not due to increased use of ER strategies and did not improve PTG or psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS These findings support further research into the relevance of ER to PTG, and provide a foundation to understand PTG and develop PTG-promoting interventions within a broader stress-coping framework.
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Nooripour R, Ghanbari N, Hassani-Abharian P, Radwin LE, Hosseinian S, Hasanvandi S. Validation of Persian Version of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in Iranian Women with Breast Cancer. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2022; 25:300-307. [PMID: 35943005 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is now the most significant health issue in women, threatening diverse aspects of human health, including mental health and cognitive function. This research aimed to validate the Persian version of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in Iranian women with breast cancer. Methods: We gathered data on 229 women with breast cancer in Tehran through convenience sampling. They completed a demographic questionnaire, the Persian version of MAAS, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and DASS-21. SPSS-22 analyzed the Pearson correlation between the Persian version of MAAS, general self-efficacy, and DASS-21. Also, LISREL 8.8 was used to analyze the internal structure of the MAAS. Results: Findings from the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the model with one factor fits well with the data (sbχ2=4.29 (P=0.36); SRMR=0.058; CFI=1.0; NFI=0.91; IFI=0.95; RFI=0.97; GFI=0.90; RMSEA=0.069). Significant negative correlations were found between MAAS and DASS-21 scores for anxiety (r=-0.51), depression (r=-0.48) and stress (r=-0.49), indicating an acceptable divergent validity. There was also a positive relationship between MAAS and general self-efficacy (r=0.37; P<0.01). Conclusion: The Persian version of MAAS seems to be a valid scale for evaluating the extent of mindfulness of Iranian women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghieh Nooripour
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikzad Ghanbari
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Hassani-Abharian
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (IRICSS), Department of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Brain and Cognition Clinic, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laurel E. Radwin
- Center for Health Care Organizational and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin Hosseinian
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Hasanvandi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanistic Sciences, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorram Abad, Iran
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Allen K, Waters L, Arslan G, Prentice M. Strength‐based parenting and stress‐related growth in adolescents: Exploring the role of positive reappraisal, school belonging, and emotional processing during the pandemic. J Adolesc 2022; 94:176-190. [PMID: 35353416 PMCID: PMC9087671 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly‐Ann Allen
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University Victoria Clayton Australia
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Lea Waters
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Gökmen Arslan
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Psychological Counseling Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey
- International Network on Personal Meaning Ontario Toronto Canada
| | - Marcelle Prentice
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University Victoria Clayton Australia
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Zlotnick C, Manor-Lavon I, Srulovici E. Resilience in late adolescence/young adulthood: Rising to the occasion? MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2021.2017190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Zlotnick
- Department of Nursing, University of Haifa Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Manor-Lavon
- Department of Nursing, University of Haifa Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Haifa, Israel
| | - Einav Srulovici
- Department of Nursing, University of Haifa Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Haifa, Israel
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Gan Y, Ma J, Peng H, Zhu H, Ju Q, Chen Y. Ten ignored questions for stress psychology research. Psych J 2022; 11:132-141. [PMID: 35112503 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress psychology is an interesting and important interdisciplinary research field. In this perspective article, we briefly discuss 10 challenges related to the conceptual definition, research methodology, and translation in the field of stress that do not receive sufficient attention or are ignored entirely. Future research should attempt to integrate a comprehensive stress conceptual framework into a multidimensional comprehensive stress model, incorporating subjective and objective indicators as comprehensive measures. The popularity of machine learning, cognitive neuroscience, and gene epigenetics is a promising approach that brings innovation to the field of stress psychology. The development of wearable devices that precisely record physiological signals to assess stress responses in naturalistic situations, standardize real-life stressors, and measure baselines presents challenges to address in the future. Conducting large individualized and digital intervention studies could be crucial steps in enhancing the translation of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Gan
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Ma
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huini Peng
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanya Zhu
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Ju
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yidi Chen
- School of Psychological Cognitive Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Chen Y, Wang L, Jiang D, Zhu S, Research Team W, Chen G, Gan Y. Vulnerability to early stressful life events: The moderating role of HOMER1 gene in the gene × environment interaction. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2021.2011717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Chen
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- WeGene, Shenzhen Zaozhidao Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Shenzhen WeGene Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - WeGene Research Team
- WeGene, Shenzhen Zaozhidao Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Shenzhen WeGene Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- WeGene, Shenzhen Zaozhidao Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Shenzhen WeGene Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Oliveira MA, Guerra MP, Lencastre L, Castro S, Moutinho S, Park CL. Stress-Related Growth Scale-Short Form: A Portuguese validation for cancer patients. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2021; 21:100255. [PMID: 34377147 PMCID: PMC8327339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background/Objective Cancer can be extremely disruptive, triggering high levels of distress, and at the same time transformative, promoting perceptions of positive life changes and growth. This study aims to analyze the psychometric proprieties of the Stress-Related Growth Scale Short-Form (SRGS-SF) in cancer patients. Method 209 Cancer patients heterogeneous in disease stage and diagnosis completed: clinical and sociodemographic information, Distress Thermometer, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Visual-analogue Scale of Perceived Positive Life Changes, and Stress-Related Growth Scale-Short Form. Results The analysis of internal structure pointed to an one-dimensional scale, with high reliability (.92) measured through the McDonald`s omega coefficient. Validity was also evidenced through significant correlations with other variables. Conclusions The Portuguese version of the SRGS-SF seems to present the necessary psychometric proprieties to be considered a valid and reliable short tool, to assess perceptions of growth following cancer and contribute to targeted and integrative psycho-oncological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda A Oliveira
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal.,Cuf Porto Hospital, Portugal
| | - Marina P Guerra
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal.,Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Portugal
| | - Leonor Lencastre
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Castro
- Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Oporto, Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Portugal
| | - Susana Moutinho
- Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Oporto, Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Portugal
| | - Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, USA
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