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Sharma V. Shifting the paradigm in how we assess and treat perinatal psychopathology. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01453-1. [PMID: 38459990 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Both syndromic and subsyndromal episodes of psychiatric disorders are common during and after pregnancy and are associated with adverse consequences for the mother and her baby. Despite remarkable opportunities for the detection of at-risk women, the prevention and treatment of peripartum recurrences of psychiatric disorders remain a challenge for physicians, and allied professionals This brief report discusses the importance of subsyndromal symptoms and offers suggestions to improve the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of perinatal psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verinder Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Parkwood Institute Mental Health, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada.
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Wisner KL, Avram MJ, George AL, Abramova TV, Yang A, Caritis SN, Costantine MM, Stika CS. Concentrations of Fluoxetine Enantiomers Decline During Pregnancy and Increase After Birth. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 44:100-106. [PMID: 38421920 PMCID: PMC10906734 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Few studies of the effect of the dynamic physiologic changes during pregnancy on plasma concentrations of fluoxetine (FLX) have been published. OBJECTIVES We determined the change in concentration to dose (C/D) ratios of R- and S-FLX and R- and S-norfluoxetine monthly during pregnancy and postpartum, assessed their relationships to cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP2C9 metabolizer phenotypes, and evaluated the course of their depressive and anxiety symptoms. METHODS In this observational study, 10 FLX-treated pregnant individuals provided blood samples at steady state every 4 weeks during pregnancy and once postpartum for measurement of plasma FLX and norfluoxetine enantiomer concentrations. Participants were genotyped for variants in CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 using commercial assays with Taqman probes. At each assessment, depressive and anxiety symptoms were quantified. RESULTS The C/D ratios of all FLX and norfluoxetine enantiomers, and the active moiety, decreased steadily through pregnancy and rose after birth. In the final trimester, the mean C/D ratio of the active moiety was 24.9% lower compared with the mean nonpregnant, 12-week postpartum C/D ratio. One individual with CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer status was prescribed the highest FLX dose among participants. In these treated individuals, the mean depressive and anxiety symptoms remained in the mild range across the perinatal period. CONCLUSIONS These data do not support a recommendation for routine plasma concentration monitoring or CYP2D6 pharmacogenetic testing for pregnant people treated with FLX; however, monitoring for symptom relapse is recommended because of declining plasma drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Wisner
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20001. This work was conducted while Dr. Wisner was at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine, 250 E Superior Street, Suite 03-2303; Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael J. Avram
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 251 East Huron Street, Chicago, IL, 60611 USA
| | - Alfred L. George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Tatiana V. Abramova
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Amy Yang
- AY Analytics, 20 Melrose St, Westmont, IL 60559 USA (contractual statistical service to Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)
| | - Steve N. Caritis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hospital, 300 Halket St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Maged M. Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10 Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Catherine S. Stika
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine, 250 E Superior Street, Suite 03-2303; Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Mayer JLW, Yang A, Wisner KL, Stika CS, Gollan JK. Factors Associated with Depressive and Anxiety Symptom Trajectories Across Pregnancy and Postpartum in Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor-Treated Individuals. PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2023; 5:144-147. [PMID: 38077274 PMCID: PMC10698702 DOI: 10.1176/appi.prcp.20230010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary purpose of this article is to identify factors that are associated with worsening mood and anxiety trajectories across the perinatal period among pregnant individuals receiving treatment with a selective-serotonin reupdate inhibitor. Methods This secondary analysis of primary data from the original article, Trajectories of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Across Pregnancy and Postpartum in Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor-Treated Women, explores if number of lifetime episodes of depression as characterized in the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, elevated maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACE) score, or specific obstetric or neonatal factors from the Peripartum Events Scale (PES) were associated with membership in trajectory groups with the highest symptom burden. Results No difference in ACE scores or obstetric or neonatal factors were associated with membership in the trajectory groups using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and bi-variable logistic regression. The trajectory group with the highest anxiety symptom burden experienced more lifetime episodes of depression compared to other groups (odds ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence intervals, 1.02-1.34, p = 0.03). Conclusions Congruent with other studies, we found a high prevalence of co-occurring mood and anxiety symptoms and that past episodes of depression remain an important historical risk factor for perinatal symptom burden. This reinforces that past experiences of depression increase not only the risk of future symptoms but also higher symptom burden during antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. W. Mayer
- Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive DisordersDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Amy Yang
- Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive DisordersDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Katherine L. Wisner
- Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive DisordersDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Catherine S. Stika
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jacqueline K. Gollan
- Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive DisordersDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Stika CS, Wisner KL, George AL, Avram MJ, Zumpf K, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Mesches GA, Caritis SN, Venkataramanan R, Costantine MM, West HA, Clark S, Ciolino JD. Changes in Sertraline Plasma Concentrations Across Pregnancy and Postpartum. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:1280-1290. [PMID: 36094046 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common disorder in pregnancy. Although sertraline is the most frequently prescribed antidepressant for pregnant people in the United States, limited information about its pharmacokinetics in pregnancy is available. Our objectives were to characterize plasma sertraline concentration to dose (C/D) ratios across pregnancy and postpartum and investigate the effect of pharmacogenetic variability on sertraline elimination. We performed a prospective observational cohort study in people with a singleton pregnancy ≤ 18 weeks gestation and a lifetime diagnosis of MDD at the 3 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)-funded Obstetrical-Fetal Pharmacology Research Center sites. Subjects (N = 47) were receiving maintenance sertraline therapy and chose to continue it during pregnancy. Blood samples were obtained 24-hours postdose every 4 weeks across pregnancy and twice postpartum for measurement of plasma concentrations of sertraline and desmethylsertraline. Overall mean sertraline C/D ratios were decreased at study onset and remained consistently low until after delivery. During the last 4 weeks of pregnancy the mean sertraline C/D ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)), 0.25 (95% CI, 0.19, 0.3) ng/mL/dose (mg/day), was smaller than the mean ratio at ≥ 8 weeks after delivery, 0.32 (95% CI, 0.27, 0.37) ng/mL/dose (mg/day), a 22% difference. Mean sertraline/desmethylsertraline ratios were highest after birth, which confirmed increased sertraline elimination during pregnancy. Sertraline C/D ratios in participants with functional CYP2C19 activity did not change significantly during pregnancy, whereas ratios in participants with poor or intermediate CYP2C19 activity decreased by 51%. Exploratory pharmacogenomic analysis indicated that pregnant people with poor or intermediate CYP2C19 activity are at risk for subtherapeutic sertraline concentrations during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Stika
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine L Wisner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J Avram
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katelyn Zumpf
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Mesches
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steve N Caritis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maged M Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Holly A West
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Shannon Clark
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jody D Ciolino
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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