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Vissers S, De Groof P, Fieuws S, Abramovich T, Van De Winkel N, Miserez M. Incidence of contralateral metachronous inguinal hernia on long term follow-up after unilateral inguinal hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:4831-4838. [PMID: 39110220 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-11118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repair of inguinal hernias is a common surgical procedure. Some patients will need a second operation after developing a metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia (MCIH). The suggestion has been made to strengthen the contralateral side at the same time as primary unilateral surgery. In this systematic review we aim to determine how many adult patients with a unilateral inguinal hernia will develop a MCIH. METHODS This review was reported in line with PRISMA guidelines. We performed a literature review in PubMed Publisher, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library until May 2021, including articles reporting MCIH after unilateral inguinal hernia repair in adults. As outcome measure, the number of patients diagnosed with a MCIH was registered. RESULTS A total of 19 articles with a total of 277,288 patients were included. The combined estimate for MCIH after meta-analysis equaled 8.3% (95% CI 7.1%-9.5%), with a high index of heterogeneity (I2 = 97.9%). A random-effects meta-regression was performed to obtain the percentage of MCIH as a function of median follow-up time. The percentage of MCIH at 3, 5 and 10 years was estimated at 5.2%, 8.0% and 17.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION We suggest that there is insufficient clinical evidence to support prophylactic contralateral repair in all patients. We propose a patient-specific approach in the decision to perform prophylactic repair, taking into account potential risk factors for hernia development, type of surgical approach, and general risk factors for chronic postoperative inguinal pain. More long-term prospective data are needed to guide the decision for prophylactic contralateral mesh placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schila Vissers
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pieter De Groof
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffen Fieuws
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, KU Louvain - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tamar Abramovich
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Van De Winkel
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Miserez
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Lee SR. Laparoscopic iliopubic tract repair for asymptomatic contralateral occult inguinal hernia. Hernia 2024; 28:1249-1255. [PMID: 38519734 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-024-03015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia (MCIH) may occur after unilateral inguinal hernia (IH) repair, potentially as a result of occult IH (OIH). Contralateral OIH can be checked for during laparoscopic transabdominal hernioplasty for the treatment of unilateral IH. This study aims to assess the efficacy of laparoscopic iliopubic tract repair (IPTR) in treating contralateral OIH to reduce MCIH. METHODS The medical charts of 3165 patients aged > 18 years who underwent laparoscopic transabdominal hernioplasty for unilateral IH from January 2013 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were categorized into two groups based on contralateral OIH presence: negative OIH (nOIH, 2657 patients) and OIH (508 patients). In cases of OIH, IPTR was performed, involving suturing of the iliopubic tract and transversalis fascia arch. RESULTS MCIH was indirect in 26 and direct in 4 patients in the nOIH group, and was direct in 3 patients in the OIH group. The incidence of indirect MCIH was higher in the nOIH group than in the OIH (1.0% [n = 26/2657] vs. 0.0% [n = 0/508], p = 0.048). There was no difference in postoperative complication rates, pain scores, return to daily life, or duration of hospitalization between the nOIH and OIH groups. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic IPTR for OIH treatment is an effective method for reducing the risk of indirect MCIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lee
- Department of Surgery, Damsoyu Hospital, Hakdong-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, 234, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bisciotti GN, Auci A, Bona S, Bisciotti A, Bisciotti A, Cassaghi G, DI Marzo F, DI Pietto F, Eirale C, Panascì M, Parra F, Zini R. Long-standing groin pain syndrome in athletic women: a multidisciplinary assessment in keeping with the italian consensus agreement. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:1199-1210. [PMID: 34931789 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.13322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-standing groin pain syndrome (LSGPS) is a form of groin pain syndrome in which the cohort of symptoms reported by patients is experienced for a long period, typically for over 12 weeks, and is recalcitrant to any conservative therapy. The aim of this prospective epidemiological study was to describe the clinical causes of LSGPS in 37 female athletic subjects in Italy through the Groin Pain Syndrome Italian Consensus Conference on terminology, clinical evaluation and imaging assessment in groin pain in athletes classification and guidelines. METHODS Thirty-seven female athletes affected by LSGPS were evaluated following the guidelines issued by the Groin Pain Syndrome Italian Consensus Conference on terminology, clinical evaluation and imaging assessment of groin pain in athletes. RESULTS In the considered population, each patient presented only one pathological cause for LSGPS. The most frequent aetiologies were inguinal pathologies (54.05% of the cases), acetabular labrum tear (18.92%) and pelvic floor disorders (8.11%). Adductor tendinopathy represented only 2.70% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Female athletic patients affected by LSGPS show a similar incidence of inguinal and hip pathologies as in male populations. However, these clinical situations do not seem to be associated in women unlike in the male population. This difference is probably due to particular anatomical differences related to gender. For this reason, women affected by LSGPS represent an important subset of patients. Moreover, adductor tendinopathy is probably overrated as an etiopathogenetic source of LSGPS in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Nicola Bisciotti
- Paris Saint Germain FC, Paris, France - .,Kinemove Rehabilitations Center, Pontremoli, Massa Carrara, Italy -
| | - Alessio Auci
- Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Bona
- Humanitas Resarch Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bisciotti
- Kinemove Rehabilitations Center, Pontremoli, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Federica Parra
- Kinemove Rehabilitations Center, Pontremoli, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | - Raul Zini
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
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Rogers AP, Xu Y, Lidor AO. Healthcare Resource Utilization in Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Three-Year Cost Evaluation of Truven Health Marketscan Research Databases. J Surg Res 2021; 264:408-417. [PMID: 33848840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inguinal hernia repair is the most commonly performed elective operation in the United States, with over 800,000 cases annually. While clinical outcomes comparing laparoscopic versus open techniques have been well documented, there is little data comparing costs associated with these techniques. This study evaluates the cost of healthcare resources during the 90-d postoperative period following inguinal hernia repair. METHODS We analyzed data from the Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases. Adult patients with an ICD-9 or CPT code for inguinal hernia repair from 2012 to 2014 were included. Patients with continuous enrollment for 6 mo prior to surgery and 6 mo after surgery were analyzed. Related healthcare service costs (readmission and/or ER visit and/or outpatient visit) were calculated by clinical classification software and generalized linear modeling was used to compare healthcare utilization between groups. RESULTS 124,582 cases were identified (open = 84,535; lap = 40,047). Index surgery cost was 41% higher in laparoscopic cases. The cost for readmission was close to $25,000 and similar between both groups, but the laparoscopic group were 12% less likely to be readmitted for surgical complications within 90-d when compared to the open group. Cost of bilateral laparoscopic repair is less than that of serial unilateral open repairs. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair carries a higher index surgery cost than open repair. However, open repair has an increased rate of readmission. To maximize value, efforts should be directed at minimizing readmissions and improving identification of bilateral hernias at the time of initial presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Rogers
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue MC 7375, Madison, WI 53792.
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue MC 7375, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Anne O Lidor
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue MC 7375, Madison, WI 53792
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Dhanani NH, Olavarria OA, Wootton S, Petsalis M, Lyons NB, Ko TC, Kao LS, Liang MK. Contralateral exploration and repair of occult inguinal hernias during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: systematic review and Markov decision process. BJS Open 2020; 5:6045324. [PMID: 33688950 PMCID: PMC7944513 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zraa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contralateral clinically occult hernias are frequently noted at the time of laparoscopic unilateral inguinal hernia repair. There is no consensus on the role of contralateral exploration and repair. This systematic review assessed the safety and efficacy of operative repair of occult contralateral inguinal hernias found during unilateral repair. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to February 2020. Adults diagnosed with a unilateral inguinal hernia undergoing laparoscopic repair were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of occult contralateral hernias. Summative outcomes of operative and expectant management were reported along with development of a Markov decision process. RESULTS Thirteen studies (1 randomized trial, 12 observational cohorts) with 5000 patients were included. The incidence of occult contralateral inguinal hernias was 14.6 (range 7.3-50.1) per cent. Among patients who underwent repair, 10.5 (4.3-17.0) per cent experienced a postoperative complication. Of patients managed expectantly, 29 per cent later required elective repair for symptoms. Mean follow-up was 36 (range 2-218) months. Using a Markov decision process, it was calculated that, for every 1000 patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair, contralateral exploration would identify 150 patients with an occult hernia. Repair would result in 15 patients developing a postoperative complication and 105 undergoing unnecessary repair. Alternatively, expectant management would result in 45 patients requiring subsequent repair. CONCLUSION Contralateral repair is not warranted in patients with occult hernias diagnosed at the time of elective hernia repair. The evidence is largely based on observational studies at high risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Dhanani
- Department of Surgery, Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - O A Olavarria
- Department of Surgery, Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - S Wootton
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Hermann Children's Hospital, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M Petsalis
- Department of Surgery, Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - N B Lyons
- Department of Surgery, Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - T C Ko
- Department of Surgery, Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - L S Kao
- Department of Surgery, Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M K Liang
- Department of Surgery, Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
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Tiwary SK, Kumar S, More R, Shankar V, Kumar S, Dwivedi AND. A study of contralateral occult inguinal hernia in adult male patients undergoing total extraperitoneal herniorraphy. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2975-2979. [PMID: 32984158 PMCID: PMC7491803 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_207_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of contralateral occult hernia (COH) varies from 4.2% to 57.5%. Total extraperitoneal (TEP) gives us opportunity to visualize contralateral groin for occult hernia and its simultaneous repair. Ultrasonography (USG) helps to diagnose occult hernia preoperatively with detection rate of 96.6% with specificity 84.4%. Objective: The aims of this study were to identify the incidence of contralateral occult inguinal hernia in clinically diagnosed unilateral inguinal hernia patients using USG as diagnostic modality and to compare the clinical outcomes of unilateral TEP vs. bilateral TEP with respect to pain, duration of hospital stay, time for return to normal work, and postoperative complications. Setting and Design: This was a prospective observational, single-center study. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male patients were included in the study who was having clinically diagnosed unilateral hernia. All patients were assessed by USG for contralateral occult inguinal hernia. Results: Incidence of COH was 10%, two (6.7%) had indirect defect, and 1 (3.3%) had direct defect. Two (6.7%) patients underwent bilateral TEP and 28 (93.3%) underwent unilateral TEP. No significant difference was observed in terms of mean duration of hospital stay, duration of surgery, and visual analog scale score for pain in both unilateral and bilateral TEP. The mean for resuming daily work in unilateral TEP was 4.86 ± 0.833 days and in bilateral TEP the mean was 7.50 ± 0.70 days and this showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with COH should be counselled for synchronous repair as there is no significant difference in clinical outcomes of unilateral and bilateral TEP. On the basis of this pilot study, it can be concluded that preoperative USG is mandatory for diagnosis and simultaneous management of preexisting contralateral hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Tiwary
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satendra Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghunath More
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandip Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A N D Dwivedi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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