Assessment of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Systemic Inflammation-Response Index in Different Coronary Artery Plaque Types

Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Anxiety or Depression After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Anxiety or depression after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the key clinical problems in cardiology that need to be solved urgently. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be a potential biomarker for the pathogenesis and treatment of anxiety or depression after PCI. This article reviews the correlation between BDNF and cardiovascular system and nervous system from the aspects of synthesis, release and action site of BDNF, and focuses on the latest research progress of the mechanism of BDNF in anxiety or depression after PCI. It includes the specific mechanisms by which BDNF regulates the levels of inflammatory factors, reduces oxidative stress damage, and mediates multiple signaling pathways. In addition, this review summarizes the therapeutic potential of BDNF as a potential biomarker for anxiety or depression after PCI.

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio may predict in-hospital mortality in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

Objective: The authors investigated the value of novel inflammatory markers, systemic immune-inflammation index and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Materials & methods: A total of 308 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention because of NSTEMI were retrospectively included in the study. Killip classification, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score, SYNTAX score, and CAR and systemic immune-inflammation index values were calculated. Results: CAR (cutoff: 0.0864; sensitivity: 94.1%; specificity: 40.5%; p = 0.008) and Killip classification (cutoff: 2.5; sensitivity: 64.7%; specificity: 8.9%; p = 0.001) were found to be significantly higher in determining in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: This study revealed that CAR is an inexpensive and significant factor in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for NSTEMI.

Increased Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Was Associated with Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Chinese Population

Background

Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a novel inflammatory marker, has been demonstrated to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its vascular complications, however, the relation between SII and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has been never reported. We aimed to explore whether SII is associated with DPN in Chinese population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1460 hospitalized patients with T2DM. SII was calculated as the platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count, and its possible association with DPN was investigated by correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and subgroup analyses.

Results

Patients with higher SII quartiles had higher vibration perception threshold and prevalence of DPN (all P<0.01), and SII was independently positively associated with the prevalence of DPN (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of prevalence of DPN increased progressively across SII quartiles (P for trend <0.01), and participants in the highest quartile of SII was at a significantly increased risk of prevalent DPN compared to those in the lowest quartile after adjustment for potential confounding factors (odds rate: 1.211, 95% confidence intervals 1.045-1.404, P<0.05). Stratified analysis revealed positive associations of SII quartiles with risk of prevalent DPN only in men, people less than 65 years old, with body mass index <24 kg/m2, duration of diabetes >5 years, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, poor glycaemic control, and estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P for trend <0.01 or P for trend <0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off point of SII for predicting DPN was 617.67 in patients with T2DM, with a sensitivity of 45.3% and a specificity of 73%.

Conclusion

The present study showed that higher SII is independently associated with increased risk of DPN, and SII might serve as a new risk biomarker for DPN in Chinese population.

The Systemic Inflammation Index Predicts Poor Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Initially Diagnosed Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Primary Coronary Angiography

Background

Systemic inflammation index (SII: neutrophil count * platelet count/lymphocyte count) is a new inflammatory marker that can reflect the degree of systemic inflammatory response after coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the predictive value of the SII for clinical prognosis in patients with initially diagnosed acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has yet to be thoroughly studied.

Patients and Methods

Patients with initially diagnosed ACS who underwent primary coronary angiography in our hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were included in this study. 757 patients with ACS who underwent primary coronary angiography were enrolled. According to the baseline SII level, the patients were divided into a high SII group and a low SII group. The primary endpoint was major cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and non-fatal stroke.

Results

At a median follow-up of 33.9 months, 140 (18.5%) MACEs were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that SII's best cut-off value for predicting MACEs was 713.9*109/L. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the survival rate of the low SII group was higher than the high SII group (P<0.001). Compared with the low SII group, the risk of MACEs was significantly increased in the high SII group (89 cases (33.3%) vs.51 patients (10.4%), P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis manifested that high SII level was independently associated with the occurrence of MACEs in patients with ACS undergoing primary coronary angiography (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.915, 95% confidence interval (CI%): 1.830-4.641, P<0.001). Adding SII to the conventional risk factor model improved the predictive value of MACEs.

Conclusion

This study showed that elevated SII was associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis in patients with ACS undergoing primary coronary angiography, making SII a valuable predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ACS undergoing primary coronary angiography.