1
|
Salame M, Bonnet C, Moctar ECM, Brahim SM, Dedy A, Vetah LA, Veten F, Hamed CT, Petit C, Houmeida A. Identification a novel pathogenic LRTOMT mutation in Mauritanian families with nonsyndromic deafness. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:4057-4063. [PMID: 36928321 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although recessive mutations in GJB2 are the common genetic etiology of sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI), variants in LRTOMT gene were also identified, mostly in Middle East and North African populations. METHODS Using Sanger sequencing we screened the exon 7 of LRTOMT in a cohort of 128 unrelated Mauritanian children with congenital deafness. RESULTS Only one biallelic missense mutation, predicted as pathogenic (c.179 T > C;p.Leu60Pro) was found at homozygous state in four families. This variant, not reported before, showed a deleterious effect by SIFT (score: 0.01) and a disease-causing effect by Mutation Taster (prob: 1). Exploration of the encoded protein 3D structure revealed a disruption from an organized α helix (in the normal protein structure) into a random conformation. Early fitting of a cochlear implant seemed to improve the audition ability of the mutation carrier. CONCLUSION Further screening using a panel of deafness genes may expose other variants underlying hearing impairment in our population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malak Salame
- Unité de Recherche sur les Biomarqueurs dans la Population Mauritanienne, UNA-FST, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Crystel Bonnet
- Institut de l'AuditionInstitut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Ely Cheikh Mohamed Moctar
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0666, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Selma Mohamed Brahim
- Unité de Recherche sur les Biomarqueurs dans la Population Mauritanienne, UNA-FST, Nouakchott, Mauritania
- Centre National d'Oncologie (CNO), Unité de Recherche et d'Enseignement, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Abdallahi Dedy
- Centre Hospitalier National de Nouakchott (CHN), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | | | - Fatimetou Veten
- Unité de Recherche sur les Biomarqueurs dans la Population Mauritanienne, UNA-FST, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | | | - Christine Petit
- Institut de l'AuditionInstitut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Houmeida
- Unité de Recherche sur les Biomarqueurs dans la Population Mauritanienne, UNA-FST, Nouakchott, Mauritania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim Y, Han JH, Yoo HS, Choi BY. Molecular aetiology of ski-slope hearing loss and audiological course of cochlear implantees. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:4871-4882. [PMID: 35212774 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A challenge for patients with ski-slope hearing loss is that hearing aids do not adequately amplify the mid-to-high frequencies necessary for speech perception and conversely, cochlear implant (CI) may damage low-frequency hearing. We aimed to describe the clinical profile of patients with ski-slope hearing loss, with a special focus on aetiology of such hearing loss and audiological course of low-frequency hearing after CI. METHODS We recruited hearing-impaired patients who visited a tertiary referral centre and met the criteria for ski-slope hearing loss patients from 2015 to 2021. Genetic testing was performed in all ski-slope hearing loss patients unless refused. Baseline audiograms of patients who continued to use hearing aids or who finally underwent CIs were reviewed. As for CI patients, outcome and hearing preservation rate were rigorously analysed. RESULTS Of 46 recruited patients with ski-slope hearing loss, 45 agreed to undergo genetic testing and causative variants were identified in 17 (37.8%) patients. The TMC1, MYO7A, and TMPRSS3 variants were the most common, while LRTOMT was newly identified as a causative gene. Twenty-five patients eventually received CI, while 13 continued to wear the hearing aid and 8 patients did not ever try hearing aids. CI in ski-slope hearing loss led to immediate and sufficient improvement of sentence recognition by as early as 3 months, however, the duration of hearing loss was inversely correlated with the sentence recognition score. The average hearing preservation rate (using the HEARRING classification) after CI was 53.0% (SD 30.0) and 45.6% (SD 31.1) at 1 year. Seventy-nine percent of implantees maintained functional low-frequency hearing (better than 85 dB at 250 and 500 Hz) eligible for electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS). A trend was found that patients with hair cell stereocilia-associated genetic variants may have a slightly better preservation, albeit with no statistical significance. CONCLUSION Detection rate of a molecular genetic aetiology of ski-slope hearing loss appears to be lower than other type of hearing loss reported in the literature. Especially with short hearing loss duration, CI in ski-slope hearing loss leads to immediate and sufficient speech improvement, while preserving functional low-frequency hearing eligible for EAS as many as in 79%. A certain genetic aetiology might be associated with a trend towards better low-frequency hearing preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehree Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Soon Yoo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Ma Y, Qin Y, Zeng Z, Zhong Z, Qi Y, Liu Y. Novel Mutations in LRTOMT Associated with Congenital Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss in a Chinese Patient. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421110144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Usami SI, Nishio SY. The genetic etiology of hearing loss in Japan revealed by the social health insurance-based genetic testing of 10K patients. Hum Genet 2021; 141:665-681. [PMID: 34599366 PMCID: PMC9035015 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Etiological studies have shown genetic disorders to be a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss, but there are a limited number of comprehensive etiological reports based on genetic analysis. In the present study, the same platform using a diagnostic DNA panel carrying 63 deafness genes and the same filtering algorithm were applied to 10,047 samples obtained from social health insurance-based genetic testing of hearing loss. The most remarkable result obtained in this comprehensive study was that the data first clarified the genetic epidemiology from congenital/early-onset deafness to late-onset hearing loss. The overall diagnostic rate was 38.8%, with the rate differing for each age group; 48.6% for the congenital/early-onset group (~5y.o.), 33.5% for the juvenile/young adult-onset group, and 18.0% for the 40+ y.o. group. Interestingly, each group showed a different kind of causative gene. With regard to the mutational spectra, there are certain recurrent variants that may be due to founder effects or hot spots. A series of haplotype studies have shown many recurrent variants are due to founder effects, which is compatible with human migration. It should be noted that, regardless of differences in the mutational spectrum, the clinical characteristics caused by particular genes can be considered universal. This comprehensive review clarified the detailed clinical characteristics (onset age, severity, progressiveness, etc.) of hearing loss caused by each gene, and will provide useful information for future clinical application, including genetic counseling and selection of appropriate interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Usami
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ya Nishio
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mosrati MA, Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Benammar-Elgaaied A, Gibriel AA, Ben Said M, Masmoudi S. Deep analysis of the LRTOMTc.242G>A variant in non-syndromic hearing loss North African patients and the Berber population: Implications for genetic diagnosis and genealogical studies. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1810. [PMID: 34514748 PMCID: PMC8580077 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive non‐syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) is the most common inherited sensory impairment. It is particularly frequent in North African populations who have a high rate of consanguineous marriage. The c.242G>A homozygous variant in LRTOMT gene was previously established as pathogenic and is associated with NSHL in both humans and mice. The aim of this study is to determine the carrier frequency for the LRTOMT c.242G>A variant and also to estimate its age in addition to evaluating its diagnostic potential as a deafness biomarker among various populations and ethnicities in Northern African countries. A total of 179 Tunisian and 34 Libyan unrelated deafness patients were screened for this variant. The homozygous c.242G>A variant was found in 5.02% and 2.94% in Tunisian and Libyan families, respectively. Subsequent screening for this variant in 263 healthy controls of various ethnicities (136 Tunisian Berbers, 32 Andalusian and 95 Tunisian from undefined ethnic origin) revealed higher frequency for the heterozygous state among Tunisians of Berber origin only (19.11%). Genotyping 7 microsatellite markers nearby the variant location in ARNSHL patients who had the homozygous variant revealed the same haplotype suggesting a common founder origin for this variant. The age of this variant was estimated to be between 2025 and 3425 years (this corresponds to 3400 years when the variant rate was set at 10−3 or 2600 years when the variant rate is set at 10−2), spreading along with the Berber population who migrated to North Africa. In conclusion, the LRTOMT c.242G>A homozygous variant could be used as a useful deafness biomarker for North African ARNSHL patients meanwhile the heterozygous variant could be utilized in genealogical studies for tracing those of the Berber ethnic group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Mosrati
- Laboratoire de Procédés de Criblages Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.,Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Amel Benammar-Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Gibriel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariem Ben Said
- Laboratoire de Procédés de Criblages Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Saber Masmoudi
- Laboratoire de Procédés de Criblages Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarmadi A, Nasrniya S, Soleimani Farsani M, Narrei S, Nouri Z, Sepehrnejad M, Nilforoush MH, Abtahi H, Tabatabaiefar MA. A novel pathogenic variant in the LRTOMT gene causes autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss in an Iranian family. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:127. [PMID: 32517708 PMCID: PMC7285524 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensorineural disorder with high phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, which negatively affects life quality. Autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) constitutes a major share of HL cases. In the present study, Whole exome sequencing (WES) was applied to investigate the underlying etiology of HL in an Iranian patient with ARNSHL. Methods A proband from an Iranian consanguineous family was examined via WES, following GJB2 sequencing. WES was utilized to find possible genetic etiology of the disease. Various Bioinformatics tools were used to assess the pathogenicity of the variants. Co-segregation analysis of the candidate variant was carried out. Interpretation of variants was performed according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results WES results showed a novel frameshift (16 bp deletion) variant (p.Ala170Alafs*20) in the LRTOMT gene. This variant, which resides in exon 6, was found to be co-segregating in the family. It fulfils the criteria set by the ACMG guidelines of being pathogenic. Conclusion Here, we report successful application of WES to identify the molecular pathogenesis of ARNSHL, which is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, in a patient with ARNSHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Sarmadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Genetics Department, Erythron Pathobiology and Genetics lab, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samane Nasrniya
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimani Farsani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sina Narrei
- Genetics Department, Erythron Pathobiology and Genetics lab, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sepehrnejad
- Department of Otolaryngology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Abtahi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,GenTArget Corp (GTAC), Deputy of Research and Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghasemnejad T, Shekari Khaniani M, Zarei F, Farbodnia M, Mansoori Derakhshan S. An update of common autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss genes in Iranian population. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 97:113-126. [PMID: 28483220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive genes are responsible for about 80% of the hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) cases. In Iran, due to consanguineous marriages, NSHL is the second most frequent disability after intellectual disability, occurring one in 16 individuals. Enormous heterogeneity in the genetic pathology of hearing loss causes a major challenge in identification of responsible genes. In Iran, GJB2 is responsible for the most cases of pre-lingual and non-syndromic hearing loss (with frequency of 16.7%) which followed by other genes with lower frequency. Although several studies have indicated that a large proportion of both syndromic and non-syndromic hearing loss in Iranian populations are caused by defects in just a few genes, new detection strategies such as NGS (Next-generation sequencing) have increased the spectrum of responsible mutations. However, by applying this technique in Iran patients screening, the role of lots of novel related genes have been reported. In this review, we aim to describe function of these genes and their contribution to non-syndromic genetic hearing loss in Iranian population and we classify the genes by their functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Ghasemnejad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Zarei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Farbodnia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Saba University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sima Mansoori Derakhshan
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang R, Han S, Khan A, Zhang X. Molecular Analysis of Twelve Pakistani Families with Nonsyndromic or Syndromic Hearing Loss. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:316-321. [PMID: 28281779 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the causative genetic mutations in 12 Pakistani families with nonsyndromic or syndromic hearing loss. METHODS Mutations in the most common causative gene for hearing loss, GJB2, were evaluated by Sanger sequencing. Targeted next-generation sequencing or whole-exome sequencing was used to analyze the genomic DNA samples from 11 probands with hearing loss. Sanger sequencing was performed to verify all identified variants. RESULTS We found pathogenic, or likely to be pathogenic, mutations in all 12 families, including six known mutations in GJB2, SLC26A4, LHFPL5, and USH2A and eight novel mutations in ESPN, MYO7A, LRTOMT, PCDH15, USH2A, or EPS8L2. Notably, four compound heterozygous mutations in the MYO7A and USH2A genes were detected in two consanguineous families. In addition, the novel frameshift mutation in EPS8L2 was first documented in Pakistan. CONCLUSIONS Our study increases the spectrum of mutations associated with hearing loss in the Pakistani population. In addition, our study highlights the fact that compound heterozygous mutations, although rare, can occur in consanguineous families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, China
| | - Shirui Han
- 2 The Research Center for Medical Genomics, China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Amjad Khan
- 2 The Research Center for Medical Genomics, China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dahmani M, Ammar-Khodja F, Bonnet C, Lefèvre GM, Hardelin JP, Ibrahim H, Mallek Z, Petit C. EPS8L2 is a new causal gene for childhood onset autosomal recessive progressive hearing loss. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:96. [PMID: 26282398 PMCID: PMC4539681 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than 70 % of the cases of congenital deafness are of genetic origin, of which approximately 80 % are non-syndromic and show autosomal recessive transmission (DFNB forms). To date, 60 DFNB genes have been identified, most of which cause congenital, severe to profound deafness, whereas a few cause delayed progressive deafness in childhood. We report the study of two Algerian siblings born to consanguineous parents, and affected by progressive hearing loss. Method After exclusion of GJB2 (the gene most frequently involved in non-syndromic deafness in Mediterranean countries), we performed whole-exome sequencing in one sibling. Results A frame-shift variant (c.1014delC; p.Ser339Alafs*15) was identified in EPS8L2, encoding Epidermal growth factor receptor Pathway Substrate 8 L2, a protein of hair cells’ stereocilia previously implicated in progressive deafness in the mouse. This variant predicts a truncated, inactive protein, or no protein at all owing to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. It was detected at the homozygous state in the two clinically affected siblings, and at the heterozygous state in the unaffected parents and one unaffected sibling, whereas it was never found in a control population of 150 Algerians with normal hearing or in the Exome Variant Server database. Conclusion Whole-exome sequencing allowed us to identify a new gene responsible for childhood progressive hearing loss transmitted on the autosomal recessive mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malika Dahmani
- Equipe de Génétique, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédiène (USTHB), El Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Fatima Ammar-Khodja
- Equipe de Génétique, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédiène (USTHB), El Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Crystel Bonnet
- Syndrome de Usher et autres Atteintes Rétino-Cochléaires, Institut de la vision, 75012, Paris, France. .,UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Complexité du Vivant, Paris, 75252 Cedex 05, France.
| | - Gaelle M Lefèvre
- Syndrome de Usher et autres Atteintes Rétino-Cochléaires, Institut de la vision, 75012, Paris, France. .,UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Complexité du Vivant, Paris, 75252 Cedex 05, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Hardelin
- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Complexité du Vivant, Paris, 75252 Cedex 05, France. .,Unité de Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Hassina Ibrahim
- Service d'otorhinolaryngologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mustapha Pacha, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Zahia Mallek
- Service d'otorhinolaryngologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bab El Oued, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Christine Petit
- Syndrome de Usher et autres Atteintes Rétino-Cochléaires, Institut de la vision, 75012, Paris, France. .,UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Complexité du Vivant, Paris, 75252 Cedex 05, France. .,Unité de Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France. .,Collège de France, 75005, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|