Osteosarcoma metastatic to the larynx

Characteristics of Laryngeal Osteosarcoma: A Critical Review

Laryngeal sarcomas constitute an extremely rare entity among head and neck malignancies. Furthermore, most of them are chondrosarcomas, and the osteogenic form remains a true rarity. In general, there is a lack of information on the characteristics of laryngeal osteosarcoma. Thus, we sought to critically review the existing world literature on laryngeal osteosarcoma in order to develop a more accurate clinicopathological profile of this malignancy. Laryngeal osteosarcoma has a predilection for elderly male patients, as 87% were male in the present series and the mean age was 62 years (range 32-80), and without a direct association with tobacco exposure. Osteosarcoma of the larynx is typically a highly malignant neoplasm that metastasizes early, has a propensity for hematogenous spread and also has a marked tendency to recur. Twelve (41%) out of the 29 cases in the present review with follow-up data had metastatic disease. The aspects that distinguish osteosarcoma from its differential diagnostic alternatives are discussed in this review.

Metastatic Cancer to the Larynx: A Case Report and Update

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to describe a case of colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the larynx and provide a review of the current literature.

METHODS

A case report with chart review was performed. A review of the current literature was performed by systematically searching PubMed, OVID, CINAHL Plus, and EMBASE.

RESULTS

In 1988, a comprehensive literature review identified melanoma as the most common neoplasm to exhibit laryngeal involvement. Since that study, 41 subsequent cases have been reported, and among these, colorectal adenocarcinoma was the most frequent distant primary (24%). In 25 (58%) cases, curative surgery was attempted, but only 4 patients remained disease-free at last follow up. We report the history of a 52-year-old man who presented with rectal adenocarcinoma metastatic to his larynx 4 years after definitive treatment of the primary site.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with a laryngeal mass and a history of colorectal cancer, or those at high risk of having an occult colorectal primary, metastatic spread to the larynx must always be considered. Although secondary laryngeal metastasis portends a poor prognosis, for the select patient, surgical intervention can provide long-term disease control.

Osteosarcoma of the larynx

Malignant neoplasms of the larynx are divided into epithelial and non-epithelial. Non-epithelial neoplasms include, among others, mesenchymal chondrosarcomas and osteosarcomas. Few cases of laryngeal osteosarcomas described in the literature were usually treated by surgery without the need to use adjuvant radio- or chemotherapy. Few authors propose the initial application of radiotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy. Our study presents a very rare case of a woman treated due to laryngeal osteosarcoma. We have also presented diagnostic difficulties preceding a decision to perform radical surgery. The patient had been eligible for radical surgical treatment, even though there were no features of malignancy in a histopathological examination of the biopsy material. Complete laryngectomy was carried out without the surgery of the cervical lymphatic system. Laryngeal osteosarcoma was diagnosed based on the postoperative histopathological examination using vimentin and Ki67. The patient remains under the care of the Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology Department and Oncology Centre in Bydgoszcz. There were no reports on local recurrence or distant metastases during regular check-ups.

Osteosarcomas of the larynx

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS

The objective was to review the etiology, presentation, treatment, and prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma of the larynx using an illustrative case example.

STUDY DESIGN

Case report and literature review.

METHODS

A case is reported, and a review of all available published cases of osteosarcoma of the larynx is presented.

RESULTS

Osteosarcoma of the larynx may be a difficult clinical diagnosis. To be able to reach the correct diagnosis, a high index of suspicion and due diligence in obtaining deep biopsy specimens are important. Treatment is primarily surgical. Outcomes for this disease are generally poor, with most patients dying of the disease as a result of pulmonary metastasis.

CONCLUSION

Osteosarcoma of the larynx is a rare entity, with only 14 cases reported to date. Pathological confirmation of osteoid is required for diagnosis. It is likely that aggressive surgical intervention directed at complete tumor extirpation is the treatment of choice, although long-term prognosis is poor.

Postirradiation laryngeal osteosarcoma: case report and literature review

BACKGROUND

Laryngeal sarcoma is a rare disease entity. In review of the literature, chondrosarcoma is the most common sarcoma, followed by fibrosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is very rare; there are only seven cases reported in the literature. Postirradiation sarcoma is a late complication of radiotherapy. Osteosarcoma is the most common type in this group. The larynx is often involved in the radiation field of treatment for head and neck malignancies. However, postirradiation laryngeal osteosarcoma has not yet been reported.

METHODS

We present a 56-year-old man who under went radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma 32 years ago and later developed a laryngeal osteosarcoma.

RESULTS

The patient underwent total laryngectomy but died 1 year and 9 months later with locally extensive disease.

CONCLUSIONS

We report the first case of postirradiation laryngeal osteosarcoma. In addition to surgical treatment, adjunctive therapies should be considered for this group of patients.

Metastatic neoplasms to the larynx: report of three cases

Metastatic involvement of the larynx by distant malignancies is a rare event that can occur by hematogenous or lymphogenous spread through a retrograde or anterograde route. Only 143 cases of secondary laryngeal tumors have been reported in the literature. Metastases from cutaneous melanoma and renal carcinoma are the most common, whereas only sporadic cases stemming from lung and colon adenocarcinoma have been documented. The authors report a case of lung adenocarcinoma and two cases of colonic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the larynx and discuss the problems related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of secondary laryngeal neoplasms.

Malignant laryngeal tumors in children: a 15-year experience with four patients

Malignant laryngeal neoplasms in children are uncommon and present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 15-year retrospective review of laryngeal tumors at our institution identified four patients with malignant neoplasms. These children, 7 months to 16 years of age, were treated for squamous cell carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. This report details these cases, emphasizing diagnostic approaches, treatment decisions (medical oncologic management, surgical resection), and rehabilitation measures for postlaryngectomy communication. A multi-institutional pediatric head and neck tumor registry would be a useful reference to assist with individual treatment decisions.