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Dietrich A, Schiemer R, Kurmann J, Zhang S, Hubbuch J. Raman-based PAT for VLP precipitation: systematic data diversification and preprocessing pipeline identification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1399938. [PMID: 38882637 PMCID: PMC11177211 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1399938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a promising class of biopharmaceuticals for vaccines and targeted delivery. Starting from clarified lysate, VLPs are typically captured by selective precipitation. While VLP precipitation is induced by step-wise or continuous precipitant addition, current monitoring approaches do not support the direct product quantification, and analytical methods usually require various, time-consuming processing and sample preparation steps. Here, the application of Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods may allow the simultaneous quantification of the precipitated VLPs and precipitant owing to its demonstrated advantages in analyzing crude, complex mixtures. In this study, we present a Raman spectroscopy-based Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool developed on batch and fed-batch precipitation experiments of Hepatitis B core Antigen VLPs. We conducted small-scale precipitation experiments providing a diversified data set with varying precipitation dynamics and backgrounds induced by initial dilution or spiking of clarified Escherichia coli-derived lysates. For the Raman spectroscopy data, various preprocessing operations were systematically combined allowing the identification of a preprocessing pipeline, which proved to effectively eliminate initial lysate composition variations as well as most interferences attributed to precipitates and the precipitant present in solution. The calibrated partial least squares models seamlessly predicted the precipitant concentration with R 2 of 0.98 and 0.97 in batch and fed-batch experiments, respectively, and captured the observed precipitation trends with R 2 of 0.74 and 0.64. Although the resolution of fine differences between experiments was limited due to the observed non-linear relationship between spectral data and the VLP concentration, this study provides a foundation for employing Raman spectroscopy as a PAT sensor for monitoring VLP precipitation processes with the potential to extend its applicability to other phase-behavior dependent processes or molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Dietrich
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Robin Schiemer
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jasper Kurmann
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Kordes BR, Ascherl L, Rüdinger C, Melchin T, Agarwal S. Competition between Hydrolysis and Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization of MDO in Water. Who Makes the Race? Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Ascherl
- Wacker Chemie AG, Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4, 81737 München, Germany
| | | | - Timo Melchin
- Wacker Chemie AG, Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4, 81737 München, Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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3
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Belthle T, Lantzius-Beninga M, Pich A. Pre- and post-functionalization of thermoresponsive cationic microgels with ionic liquid moieties carrying different counterions. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01477g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of different anions on the temperature-dependent solution properties of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) microgels carrying alkylated ionic liquid vinylimidazolium moieties synthesized by a pre- and post-functionalization approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomke Belthle
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Lantzius-Beninga
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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4
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Bonafé Allende JC, Schmarsow RN, Matxinandiarena E, García Schejtman SD, Coronado EA, AlvarezIgarzabal CI, Picchio ML, Müller AJ. Crystallization-Driven Supramolecular Gelation of Poly(vinyl alcohol) by a Small Catechol Derivative. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cruz Bonafé Allende
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), IPQA−CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, CórdobaX5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Ruth N. Schmarsow
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry, and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Eider Matxinandiarena
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry, and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sergio D. García Schejtman
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), INFIQC−CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, CórdobaX5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A. Coronado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), INFIQC−CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, CórdobaX5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Cecilia I. AlvarezIgarzabal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), IPQA−CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, CórdobaX5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Matías L. Picchio
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry, and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe3000, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry, and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Ambreen J, Al-Harbi F, Sakhawat H, Ajmal M, Naeem H, Farooqi ZH, Batool N, Siddiq M. Fabrication of poly (N-vinylcaprolactam-co-acrylic acid)-silver nanoparticles composite microgel with substantial potential of hydrogen peroxide sensing and catalyzing the reduction of water pollutants. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Huang L, Fang Y, Lin Z, Shi S, Wu H, Liang X, Wang M, Jin G. A Component Content Measurement Method Modified Using Indirect Hard Modeling for Polymer Blends Based on Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:689-698. [PMID: 35081766 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221075047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has been proven to be useful for the component content measurement of polymer blends. However, the soft modeling methods commonly used in quantitative analysis of Raman spectroscopy require a large number of training samples, resulting in a waste of materials and time. This work adopted a modified indirect hard modeling (IHM) method to measure the component content of polymer blends based on Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) blends with different component content were collected and resolved into the sum of multiple Voigt peak functions. For a large number of peak parameters, the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy was used to screen out the characteristic Voigt peaks highly correlated with component content to reduce the parameter dimensions and build the parameterized spectral models. The spectral model of the blend was expressed as the weighted sum of the pure component spectral models, during which the parameters of the pure component models were adjusted within a range. According to the relationship between the weight and content of the pure component, a linear regression model for component content prediction was established. The coefficient of determination (R2)/root mean squared error of the IHM component content prediction model was 0.9931/0.4367 wt%. Besides, two popular soft modeling methods, partial least squares and artificial neural network, were compared with the IHM method, which showed that the IHM model had higher prediction accuracy with fewer training samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering for the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering for the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering for the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyu Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering for the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering for the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianrong Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering for the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering for the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Jin
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, 26467South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering for the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Belthle T, Demco DE, Pich A. Nanostructuring the Interior of Stimuli-Responsive Microgels by N-Vinylimidazoles Quaternized with Hydrophobic Alkyl Chains. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomke Belthle
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan E. Demco
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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8
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Faust JMM, Gerlinger W, Naeem O, Mhamdi A, Mitsos A. Inline Raman Spectroscopy of an Emulsion Copolymerization in an Industrial Pilot Plant Using Indirect Hard Modeling. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M. M. Faust
- RWTH Aachen University AVT – Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Process Systems Engineering Forckenbeck Straße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | | | | | - Adel Mhamdi
- RWTH Aachen University AVT – Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Process Systems Engineering Forckenbeck Straße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- RWTH Aachen University AVT – Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Process Systems Engineering Forckenbeck Straße 51 52074 Aachen Germany
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9
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Kaven LF, Wolff HJM, Wille L, Wessling M, Mitsos A, Viell J. In-line Monitoring of Microgel Synthesis: Flow versus Batch Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luise F. Kaven
- AVT.SVT - Chair of Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanna J. M. Wolff
- AVT.CVT - Chair of Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Wille
- AVT.SVT - Chair of Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- AVT.CVT - Chair of Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- AVT.SVT - Chair of Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-SOFT, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joern Viell
- AVT.SVT - Chair of Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Process Analytical Technology for Precipitation Process Integration into Biologics Manufacturing towards Autonomous Operation—mAb Case Study. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of real time release testing into an advanced process control (APC) concept in combination with digital twins accelerates the process towards autonomous operation. In order to implement this, on the one hand, measurement technology is required that is capable of measuring relevant process data online, and on the other hand, a suitable model must be available to calculate new process parameters from this data, which are then used for process control. Therefore, the feasibility of online measurement techniques including Raman-spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), diode array detector (DAD) and fluorescence is demonstrated within the framework of the process analytical technology (PAT) initiative. The best result is achieved by Raman, which reliably detected mAb concentration (R2 of 0.93) and purity (R2 of 0.85) in real time, followed by DAD. Furthermore, the combination of DAD and Raman has been investigated, which provides a promising extension due to the orthogonal measurement methods and higher process robustness. The combination led to a prediction for concentration with a R2 of 0.90 ± 3.9% and for purity of 0.72 ± 4.9%. These data are used to run simulation studies to show the feasibility of process control with a suitable digital twin within the APC concept.
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11
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Fandrich P, Wiehemeier L, Dirksen M, Wrede O, Kottke T, Hellweg T. Acrylamide precipitation polymerization in a continuous flow reactor: an in situ FTIR study reveals kinetics. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this work, we present a combination of a continuous flow reactor with in situ monitoring of the monomer conversion in a precipitation polymerization. The flow reactor is equipped with a preheating area for the synthesis of thermoresponsive microgels, based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). The reaction progress is monitored with in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The monomer conversion at defined residence times is determined from absorbance spectra of the reaction solutions by linear combination with reference spectra of the stock solution and the purified microgel. The reconstruction of the spectra appears to be in good agreement with experimental data in the range of 1710 to 1530 cm− 1, in which prominent absorption bands are used as probes for the monomer and the polymer. With increasing residence time, we observed a decrease in intensity of the ν(C=C) vibration, originating from the monomer, while the ν(C=O) vibration is shifted to higher frequencies by polymerization. Differences between the determined inline conversion kinetics and offline growth kinetics, determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), are discussed in terms of diffusion and point to a crucial role of mixing in precipitation polymerizations.
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12
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Jung F, Ksiazkiewicz A, Mhamdi A, Pich A, Mitsos A. Model-Based Optimization of Microgel Synthesis in the μm Size Range. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Falco Jung
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Adel Mhamdi
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-SOFT, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-SOFT, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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13
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Schneider S, Jung F, Mergel O, Lammertz J, Nickel AC, Caumanns T, Mhamdi A, Mayer J, Mitsos A, Plamper FA. Model-based design and synthesis of ferrocene containing microgels. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00494g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modelling and synthesis go hand in hand to efficiently engineer copolymer microgels with various architectures: core–shell structures (with ferrocene mainly in the core or in the shell) and also microgels with homogeneous comonomer distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Falco Jung
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Olga Mergel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40
- University of Groningen
- University Medical Center Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Janik Lammertz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Anne C. Nickel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Tobias Caumanns
- GFE Central Facility for Electron Microscopy
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Adel Mhamdi
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Joachim Mayer
- GFE Central Facility for Electron Microscopy
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
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14
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Knox ST, Warren NJ. Enabling technologies in polymer synthesis: accessing a new design space for advanced polymer materials. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses how developments in laboratory technologies can push the boundaries of what is achievable using existing polymer synthesis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Knox
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
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15
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Rullich CC, Kiefer J. Principal component analysis to enhance enantioselective Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2019; 144:2080-2086. [PMID: 30734784 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01886c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective Raman (esR) spectroscopy is an innovative technique with a high potential for online process monitoring in chiral media, e.g. in the pharmaceutical industry. A prerequisite for an effective application is to combine the experimental approach with suitable concepts for data analysis. In this work, we present a chemometric approach to analyze the esR spectra recorded in an automatized polarization-resolved Raman set-up. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is capable of distinguishing between the enantiomers of the chiral alcohol 4-methylpentan-2-ol in a fully unsupervised fashion. Furthermore, it is shown that the difficulty of facing only small intensity differences between the esR spectra of the enantiomers can be overcome by feeding difference spectra between the pure enantiomers and the racemate into the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm. The enantiomers are clearly discriminable along the first principal component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Rullich
- Technische Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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16
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Jung F, Janssen FAL, Ksiazkiewicz A, Caspari A, Mhamdi A, Pich A, Mitsos A. Identifiability Analysis and Parameter Estimation of Microgel Synthesis: A Set-Membership Approach. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Falco Jung
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franca A. L. Janssen
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Caspari
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adel Mhamdi
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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17
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Agrawal G, Agrawal R. Functional Microgels: Recent Advances in Their Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801724. [PMID: 30035853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, a spotlight is shown on aqueous microgel particles which exhibit a great potential for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, cell imaging, and tissue engineering. Herein, different synthetic methods to develop microgels with desirable functionality and properties along with degradable strategies to ensure their renal clearance are briefly presented. A special focus is given on the ability of microgels to respond to various stimuli such as temperature, pH, redox potential, magnetic field, light, etc., which helps not only to adjust their physical and chemical properties, and degradability on demand, but also the release of encapsulated bioactive molecules and thus making them suitable for drug delivery. Furthermore, recent developments in using the functional microgels for cell imaging and tissue regeneration are reviewed. The results reviewed here encourage the development of a new class of microgels which are able to intelligently perform in a complex biological environment. Finally, various challenges and possibilities are discussed in order to achieve their successful clinical use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Agrawal
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Paper Mill Road, Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA
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18
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Wolff HJM, Kather M, Breisig H, Richtering W, Pich A, Wessling M. From Batch to Continuous Precipitation Polymerization of Thermoresponsive Microgels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24799-24806. [PMID: 29952202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are commonly synthesized in batch experiments, yielding quantities sufficient to perform characterization experiments for physical property studies. With increasing attention on the application potential of microgels, little attention is yet paid to the questions (a) whether they can be produced continuously on a larger scale, (b) whether synthesis routes can be easily transferred from batch to continuous synthesis, and (c) whether their properties can be precisely controlled as a function of synthesis parameters under continuous flow reaction conditions. We present a new continuous synthesis process of two typical but different microgel systems. Their size, size distribution, and temperature-responsive behavior are compared in depth to those of microgels synthesized using batch processes, and the influence of premixing and surfactant is also investigated. For the surfactant-free poly( N-vinylcaprolactam) and poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) systems, microgels are systematically smaller, while the actual size is depending on the premixing of the reaction solutions. However, by the use of a surfactant, the size difference between batch and continuous preparation diminishes, resulting in equal-sized microgels. Temperature-induced swelling-deswelling of microgels synthesized under continuous flow conditions was similar to that of their analogues synthesized using the batch polymerization process. Additionally, investigation of the internal microgel structure using static light scattering showed no significant changes between microgels prepared under batch and continuous conditions. The work encourages synthesis concepts of sequential chemical conditions in continuous flow reactors to prepare precisely tuned new microgel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Kather
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | | | | | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , 52074 Aachen , Germany
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19
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Meyer-Kirschner J, Kather M, Ksiazkiewicz A, Pich A, Mitsos A, Viell J. Monitoring Microgel Synthesis by Copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and N-vinylcaprolactam via In-Line Raman Spectroscopy and Indirect Hard Modeling. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201700067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Meyer-Kirschner
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Process Systems Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Michael Kather
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University and DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Agnieszka Ksiazkiewicz
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University and DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University and DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Process Systems Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Joern Viell
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Process Systems Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
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20
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Janssen FA, Ksiazkiewicz A, Kather M, Kröger LC, Mhamdi A, Leonhard K, Pich A, Mitsos A. Kinetic Modeling of Precipitation Terpolymerization for Functional Microgels. COMPUTER AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64235-6.50021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Janssen FAL, Kather M, Kröger LC, Mhamdi A, Leonhard K, Pich A, Mitsos A. Synthesis of Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)-Based Microgels by Precipitation Polymerization: Process Modeling and Experimental Validation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franca A. L. Janssen
- Aachener
Verfahrenstechnik−Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Kather
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leif C. Kröger
- Chair
of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adel Mhamdi
- Aachener
Verfahrenstechnik−Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Leonhard
- Chair
of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Aachener
Verfahrenstechnik−Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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22
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Ebrahimi F, Viell J, Mitsos A, Mhamdi A, Brandhorst M. In‐line monitoring of hydrogen peroxide in two‐phase reactions using raman spectroscopy. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik‐Process Systems EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen Germany
| | - Jörn Viell
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik‐Process Systems EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik‐Process Systems EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen Germany
| | - Adel Mhamdi
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik‐Process Systems EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen Germany
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23
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Brouckaert D, Uyttersprot JS, Broeckx W, De Beer T. Calibration transfer of a Raman spectroscopic quantification method from at-line to in-line assessment of liquid detergent compositions. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 971:14-25. [PMID: 28456279 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The industrial production of liquid detergent compositions entails delicate balance of ingredients and process steps. In order to assure high quality and productivity in the manufacturing line, process analytical technology tools such as Raman spectroscopy are to be implemented. Marked chemical specificity, negligible water interference and high robustness are ascribed to this process analytical technique. Previously, at-line calibration models have been developed for determining the concentration levels of the being studied liquid detergents main ingredients from Raman spectra. A strategy is now proposed to transfer such at-line developed regression models to an in-line set-up, allowing real-time dosing control of the liquid detergent composition under production. To mimic in-line manufacturing conditions, liquid detergent compositions are created in a five-liter vessel with an overhead mixer. Raman spectra are continuously acquired by pumping the detergent under production via plastic tubing towards a Raman superhead probe, which is incorporated into a metal frame with a sapphire window facing the detergent fluid. Two at-line developed partial least squares (PLS) models are aimed at transferring, predicting the concentration of surfactant 1 and polymer 2 in the examined liquid detergent composition. A univariate slope/bias correction (SBC) is investigated, next to three well-acknowledged multivariate transformation methods: direct, piecewise and double-window piecewise direct standardization. Transfer is considered successful when the magnitude of the validation sets root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) is similar to or smaller than the corresponding at-line prediction error. The transferred model offering the most promising outcome is further subjected to an exhaustive statistical evaluation, in order to appraise the applicability of the suggested calibration transfer method. Interval hypothesis tests are thereby performed for method comparison. It is illustrated that the investigated transfer approach yields satisfactory results, provided that the original at-line calibration model is thoroughly validated. Both SBC transfer models return lower RMSEP values than their corresponding original models. The surfactant 1 assay met all relevant evaluation criteria, demonstrating successful transfer to the in-line set-up. The in-line quantification of polymer 2 levels in the liquid detergent composition could not be statistically validated, due to the poorer performance of the at-line model.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brouckaert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - J-S Uyttersprot
- Procter & Gamble, Brussels Innovation Centre, Temselaan 100, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.
| | - W Broeckx
- Procter & Gamble, Brussels Innovation Centre, Temselaan 100, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.
| | - T De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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