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Lee S, Kang KK, Sung SE, Choi JH, Sung M, Seong KY, Lee J, Kang S, Yang SY, Lee S, Lee KR, Seo MS, Kim K. In Vivo Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Polytetrafluoroethylene Microplastics in ICR Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112220. [PMID: 35683896 PMCID: PMC9182653 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of plastics has led to severe environmental pollution, particularly by microplastics—plastic particles 5 mm or less in diameter. These particles are formed by environmental factors such as weathering and ultraviolet irradiation, thereby making environmental pollution worse. This environmental pollution intensifies human exposure to microplastics via food chains. Despite potential negative effects, few toxicity assessments on microplastics are available. In this study, two sizes of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microplastics, approximately 5 μm and 10–50 μm, were manufactured and used for single and four-week repeated toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies. Toxicological effects were comprehensively evaluated with clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, necropsy findings, and histopathological and clinical-pathological examinations. Blood collected at 15, 30 60, and 120 min after a single administration of microplastics were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. In the toxicity evaluation of single and four-week repeated oral administration of PTFE microplastics, no toxic changes were observed. Therefore, the lethal dose 50 (LD50) and no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of PTFE microplastics in ICR mice were established as 2000 mg/kg or more. PTFE microplastics were not detected in blood, so pharmacokinetic parameters could not be calculated. This study provides new insight into the long-term toxicity and pharmacokinetics of PTFE microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijoon Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.L.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.C.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Animal Medicine & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.L.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Soo-Eun Sung
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.L.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (K.-Y.S.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (S.Y.Y.)
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.L.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Minkyoung Sung
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.L.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Keum-Yong Seong
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (K.-Y.S.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (S.Y.Y.)
| | - Jian Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (K.-Y.S.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (S.Y.Y.)
| | - Subin Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (K.-Y.S.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (S.Y.Y.)
| | - Seong Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (K.-Y.S.); (J.L.); (S.K.); (S.Y.Y.)
| | - Sunjong Lee
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea;
| | - Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea;
- Department of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Seo
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.L.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.C.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-790-5727 (M.-S.S.); +82-53-790-5700 (K.K.)
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.L.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-E.S.); (J.-H.C.); (M.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahakro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-790-5727 (M.-S.S.); +82-53-790-5700 (K.K.)
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