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Ahmad HMN, Dutta G, Csoros J, Si B, Yang R, Halpern JM, Seitz WR, Song E. Stimuli-Responsive Templated Polymer as a Target Receptor for a Conformation-based Electrochemical Sensing Platform. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:329-341. [PMID: 33748761 PMCID: PMC7971449 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of highly crosslinked molecularly imprinted polymers as a synthetic target receptor has the limitations of restricted accessibility to the binding sites resulting in slow response time. Moreover, such artificial receptors often require additional transduction mechanisms to translate target binding events into measurable signals. Here, we propose the development of a single-chain stimuli-responsive templated polymer, without using any covalent interchain crosslinkers, as a target recognition element. The synthesized polymer chain exhibits preferential binding with the target molecule with which the polymer is templated. Moreover, upon specific target recognition, the polymer undergoes conformation change induced by its particular stimuli responsiveness, namely the target binding event. Such templated single-chain polymers can be attached to the electrode surface to implement a label-free electrochemical sensing platform. A target analyte, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), was used as a template to synthesize a poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM)-based copolymer chain which was anchored to the electrode to be used as a selective receptor for 4-NP. The electrode surface chemistry analysis and the electrochemical impedance study reveal that the polymer concentration, the interchain interactions, and the Hofmeister effect play a major role in influencing the rate of polymer grafting as well as the morphology of the polymers grafted to the electrode. We also show that the specific binding between 4-NP and the copolymer results in a substantial change in the charge transfer kinetics at the electrode signifying the polymer conformation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib M. N. Ahmad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Gaurab Dutta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - John Csoros
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Bo Si
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Rongfang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Halpern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - W. Rudolf Seitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Edward Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
- Corresponding Author: Edward Song, . Phone: +1-603-862-5498
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Fulton LA, Seitz WR, Planalp RP. Aggregation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) homopolymer by Cu2+ and Zn2+: Significance for ratiometric metal ion indicators. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Scollo F, Seggio M, Torrisi RL, Bua RO, Zimbone M, Contino A, Maccarrone G. New fluorescent-labelled nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and interactions with cysteine and homocysteine to evaluate their stability in aqueous solution. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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