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Estimating the potential of spices for mineral provision in a refugee context in East Africa. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMicronutrient deficiency remains an enormous problem in refugee settings. Transforming refugees’ food systems through the scaling up of kitchen gardening and fortifying relief food crops with minor food components including nutrient-dense spices can help improve the quality of staple foods. Globally, spices are indispensable in the daily diet and play an important role in the socio-cultural setting of different communities. Forty turmeric and curry powder samples were collected from different market establishments and geographic locations in East Africa. The samples were analyzed for selected elements using Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (PXRF). The contents of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr) in turmeric powder were statistically different among geographic origins (Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda). We also aimed to determine if a small portion of spices (turmeric (5 g) and curry (4 g)) would contribute to an adequate intake (AI) or recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for selected minerals, for refugee men and women aged between 19 and 50 years as defined by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM). For the reference groups, the contributions of turmeric and curry powder to AI/RDA for K, Ca and Zn varied between 0.48 to 4.13%. On the other hand, turmeric was identified to contribute > 20% AI/RDA for refugee men and women aged between 19 and 50 years for two micro minerals: manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). Considering turmeric and curry powder of East African origins are good sources of minerals and present acceptable toxic metal(loid)s loads coupled with low cost, these spices particularly turmeric should be more widely popularized and recommended for food-to-spice fortification among the refugee population located in East Africa.
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Woldetsadik D, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Gebrezgabher S, Njenga M, Mendum R, Castillo-López R, Fernández-de Córdova ML, Hailu H, Evans CT, Madani N, Mafika TP, Fleming DEB. Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus) in a refugee context in East Africa: Kitchen gardening helps with mineral provision. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 4:32. [PMID: 34957376 PMCID: PMC8689287 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kitchen gardening is considered a way to reconnect with agriculture and complement the cereal-based relief food offered to refugees in East Africa. This work aimed at profiling mineral content of okra in four refugee camps and settlements located in Ethiopia and Uganda and its contribution to adequate intake (AIs) or recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for young children and pregnant and lactating women (PLW). The study also evaluated the applicability of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) as compared with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for mineral profiling of okra powder samples. The contents of minerals (mg kg-1) from the ICP-MS readings were in the following ranges: K (14,385-33,294), Ca (2610-14,090), P (3178-13,248), Mg (3896-7986), Cu (3.81-19.3), Fe (75.7-1243), Zn (33-141) and Mn (23.1-261). Regardless of geographic origin, at low-end consumption probability (17 g day-1 for young children and 68 g day-1 for PLW), okra could contribute ˂ 15% (2.7-12.9%) AI for macro-minerals (K and Ca). In addition, the contributions to RDA values for Fe and Zn, elements of known public health interest, ranged from 4.5 to 34.7% for young children. Interestingly, regression lines revealed strong agreement between ICP-MS and PXRF readings for Mn and Zn, with R2 values > 0.91. This information is useful in support of nutrition-sensitive kitchen gardening programs through scaling culturally important crops in refugee settings. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42452-021-04898-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Woldetsadik
- Department of Soil and Water Resources Management, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Mary Njenga
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
- Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Mendum
- Office of International Programs, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
| | - Roxana Castillo-López
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Maria L. Fernández-de Córdova
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Hillette Hailu
- Department of Soil and Water Resources Management, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Colby T. Evans
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB Canada
| | - Nelly Madani
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB Canada
| | - Tamlyn P. Mafika
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB Canada
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Aglan RF, Mahmoud HH, Rashad AM, Saleh HM. Novel coated wire potentiometric sensor for selective determination of Mn(II) ions in various authentic samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ferreira VDJ, Almeida JS, Lemos VA, de Oliveira OM, Garcia KS, Teixeira LS. Determination of Cu, Ni, Mn, and Pb in diesel oil samples using reversed-phase vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction associated with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 222:121514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nolan S, Thorn CE, Ashekuzzaman SM, Kavanagh I, Nag R, Bolton D, Cummins E, O'Flaherty V, Abram F, Richards K, Fenton O. Landspreading with co-digested cattle slurry, with or without pasteurisation, as a mitigation strategy against pathogen, nutrient and metal contamination associated with untreated slurry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140841. [PMID: 32755776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
North Atlantic European grassland systems have a low nutrient use efficiency and high rainfall. This grassland is typically amended with unprocessed slurry, which counteracts soil organic matter depletion and provides essential plant micronutrients but can be mobilised during rainfall events thereby contributing to pathogen, nutrient and metal incidental losses. Co-digesting slurry with waste from food processing mitigates agriculture-associated environmental impacts but may alter microbial, nutrient and metal profiles and their transmission to watercourses, and/or soil persistence, grass yield and uptake. The impact of EU and alternative pasteurisation regimes on transmission potential of these various pollutants is not clearly understood, particularly in pasture-based agricultural systems. This study utilized simulated rainfall (Amsterdam drip-type) at a high intensity indicative of a worst-case scenario of ~11 mm hr-1 applied to plots 1, 2, 15 and 30 days after grassland application of slurry, unpasteurised digestate, pasteurised digestate (two conditions) and untreated controls. Runoff and soil samples were collected and analysed for a suite of potential pollutants including bacteria, nutrients and metals following rainfall simulation. Grass samples were collected for three months following application to assess yield as well as nutrient and metal uptake. For each environmental parameter tested: microbial, nutrient and metal runoff losses; accumulation in soil and uptake in grass, digestate from anaerobic co-digestion of slurry with food processing waste resulted in lower pollution potential than traditional landspreading of slurry without treatment. Reduced microbial runoff from digestate was the most prominent advantage of digestate application. Pasteurisation of the digestate further augmented those environmental benefits, without impacting grass output. Anaerobic co-digestion of slurry is therefore a multi-beneficial circular approach to reducing impacts of livestock production on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nolan
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland; Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - C E Thorn
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - S M Ashekuzzaman
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - I Kavanagh
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - R Nag
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Bolton
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - E Cummins
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - V O'Flaherty
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - F Abram
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - K Richards
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - O Fenton
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland.
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McCarthy WP, Daly K, Fenelon A, O'Connor C, McCarthy NA, Hogan SA, Tobin JT, O'Callaghan TF. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry as a tool for the rapid determination of the five major minerals (Na, Mg, K, P and Ca) in skim milk powder. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William P McCarthy
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996 Ireland
- Technological University Dublin School of Food Science and Environmental Health Cathal Brugha Street Dublin 1 D01 HV58 Ireland
| | - Karen Daly
- Teagasc Environment Soils and Land Use Johnstown Castle Co. Wexford Y35 Y521 Ireland
| | - Anna Fenelon
- Teagasc Environment Soils and Land Use Johnstown Castle Co. Wexford Y35 Y521 Ireland
| | - Christine O'Connor
- Technological University Dublin School of Food Science and Environmental Health Cathal Brugha Street Dublin 1 D01 HV58 Ireland
| | - Noel A McCarthy
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996 Ireland
| | - Sean A Hogan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996 Ireland
| | - John T Tobin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996 Ireland
- VistaMilk Research Center, Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996 Ireland
| | - Tom F O'Callaghan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996 Ireland
- VistaMilk Research Center, Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996 Ireland
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