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Melikechi N, Adler HG, Safi A, Landis JE, Pourkamali-Anaraki F, Eseller KE, Berlo K, Bonito D, Chiklis GR, Xia W. Blood metal analysis of plasmas from donors with and without SARS-CoV-2 using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and logistic regression. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:446-459. [PMID: 38223176 PMCID: PMC10783903 DOI: 10.1364/boe.513558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Research on the correlation between metal levels in blood and Covid-19 infection has been conducted primarily by assessing how each individual blood metal is linked to different aspects of the disease using samples from donors with various levels of severity to Covid-19 infection. Using logistics regression on LIBS spectra of plasma samples collected pre- and post- Covid-19 pandemic from donors known to have developed various levels of antibodies to the SARS-Cov-2 virus, we show that relying on the levels of Na, K, and Mg together is more efficient at differentiating the two types of plasma samples than any single blood alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Melikechi
- Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Helmar G. Adler
- Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ali Safi
- Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Joshua E. Landis
- Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Farhad Pourkamali-Anaraki
- Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Present address: University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Kemal Efe Eseller
- Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Electrical - Electronics Engineering, Atilim University, 06836, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kim Berlo
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0E, Canada
| | - Danielle Bonito
- MRN Diagnostics, 101 Constitution Blvd, Franklin, MA 02038, USA
| | | | - Weiming Xia
- Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Bedford VA Healthcare System, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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