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Oddsdóttir C, Jónsdóttir HK, Sturludóttir E, Vilanova XM. The Effect of Repeated Blood Harvesting from Pregnant Mares on Haematological Variables. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:745. [PMID: 38473131 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have been carried out on the effect of large-volume blood harvesting from horses, but they were performed on nonpregnant horses of various breeds other than Icelandic horses. This study aimed to investigate the effect on the haematological variables indicating erythropoiesis of repeated blood harvesting from pregnant mares. To account for regional variation, two herds of mares were chosen, both kept under free-range conditions. Sequential EDTA blood samples were collected weekly from 160 mares and analysed for haematological variables in an automated analyser. Serum samples from 115 mares were analysed for total protein. In both herds, after three harvests, mares began to measure below the minimum value for erythrocyte numbers, and mild anaemia was present in up to 37% at one time. Mares in only one herd had moderate or marked anaemia, 14.3% of the herd. Both herds showed evidence of increased erythropoiesis, but there was a difference between the herds in the intensity of the response. In both herds, however, all mares had reached the minimum normal haematocrit value three weeks after the last harvest. It is important to investigate the causes for the differences between these herds, which might be addressed to reduce the risk of anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Oddsdóttir
- Division of Bacteriology and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, Keldnavegi 3, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hanna Kristrún Jónsdóttir
- Division of Bacteriology and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, Keldnavegi 3, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Erla Sturludóttir
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland
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Oddsdóttir C, Jónsdóttir HK, Sturludóttir E. Haematological reference intervals for pregnant Icelandic mares on pasture. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:57. [PMID: 38102616 PMCID: PMC10724915 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have been conducted on haematological reference intervals (RIs) in Icelandic horses. Reference intervals have been published for Icelandic horses in Austria and a preliminary study in Iceland compared haematological values in riding horses to published RIs for other breeds as well as Icelandic horses abroad. Haematological parameters can vary greatly due to factors such as breed, gender, age, reproductive status, and training, as well as feeding, prior exercise and management method. Icelandic broodmares are kept on pasture under supervision throughout the year, with haylage provided during the winter, and it is therefore of interest to establish haematological reference intervals for pregnant broodmares in Iceland. The purpose of this study was to establish haematological RIs specific to Icelandic broodmares in the first months of pregnancy, kept on pasture. Blood samples from 183 mares, stabilised in EDTA were analysed using IDEXX ProCyte Dx and total protein was analysed in serum samples from 157 of the 183 mares, using IDEXX Catalyst One analyser. The RIs were established using the guidelines of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology. RESULTS The RIs for red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin were higher in pasture-kept Icelandic mares in early pregnancy, most of which were lactating, than in pregnant mares of other breeds. This was also true for white blood cell count, as well as numbers of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, which in some instances might illustrate problems in the automated categorisation of some leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS As no RIs have been published for other pasture-kept Icelandic horses, future investigations should include other groups of pasture-kept Icelandic horses. Such an analysis might elucidate the effect of breed, management, and pregnancy on haematological values in pasture-kept Icelandic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Oddsdóttir
- Division of Bacteriology and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, Keldnavegi 3, 112, Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Hanna Kristrún Jónsdóttir
- Division of Bacteriology and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, Keldnavegi 3, 112, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Erla Sturludóttir
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, 112, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Kang YA, Kim YJ, Jin SK, Choi HJ. Antioxidant, Collagenase Inhibitory, and Antibacterial Effects of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Ulva australis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:469. [PMID: 37755082 PMCID: PMC10532848 DOI: 10.3390/md21090469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein extract of Ulva australis hydrolyzed with Alcalase and Flavourzyme was found to have multi-functional properties, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), collagenase inhibitory, and antibacterial activities. The #5 fraction (SP5) and #7 fraction (SP7) of U. australis hydrolysate from cation-exchange chromatography displayed significantly high TAC, collagenase inhibitory, and antibacterial effects against Propionibacterium acnes, and only the Q3 fraction from anion-exchange chromatography displayed high multi-functional activities. Eight of 42 peptides identified by MALDI-TOF/MS and Q-TOF/MS/MS were selected from the results for screening with molecular docking on target proteins and were then synthesized. Thr-Gly-Thr-Trp (TGTW) displayed ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activity. The effect of TAC as Trolox equivalence was dependent on the concentration of TGTW. Asn-Arg-Asp-Tyr (NRDY) and Arg-Asp-Arg-Phe (RDRF) exhibited collagenase inhibitory activity, which increased according to the increase in concentration, and their IC50 values were 0.95 mM and 0.84 mM, respectively. Peptides RDRF and His-Ala-Val-Tyr (HAVY) displayed anti-P. Acnes effects, with IC50 values of 8.57 mM and 13.23 mM, respectively. These results suggest that the U. australis hydrolysate could be a resource for the application of effective nutraceuticals and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-An Kang
- Korea Beauty Industry Development Institute Co., Ltd., #501, Elite Bldg, Jeju Science Park, Cheomdanro 213-4, Jeju 63309, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ye-Jin Kim
- Oceanpep Co., Ltd., 105, Jinju Bioindustry Foundation, Musan-myeon, Jinju 52839, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Keun Jin
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hwa-Jung Choi
- Department of Beauty Art, Youngsan University, 142 Bansong Beltway (Bansong-dong), Busan 48015, Republic of Korea
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Feng P, Li Q, Sun H, Gao J, Ye X, Tao Y, Tian Y, Wang P. Effects of fulvic acid on growth performance, serum index, gut microbiota, and metabolites of Xianju yellow chicken. Front Nutr 2022; 9:963271. [PMID: 35990363 PMCID: PMC9389313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) is a mixture of polyphenolic acid compounds extracted from humus, peat, lignite, and aquatic environments; it is used in traditional medicine to treat digestive tract diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of FA on growth performance, inflammation, intestinal microbiota, and metabolites in Xianju yellow chicken. The 240 Xianju yellow chickens (age, 524 days) included were randomly categorized into 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 10 birds per replicate. Birds received a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 500, 1,000, or 1,500 mg/kg of FA, for a period of 42 days. Dietary supplementation of FA improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum level of TNF-α in birds supplemented with FA was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and that of IL-2 was significantly increased after administration of 1,500 mg/kg FA (P < 0.05). Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that FA reduced the relative abundance of genus Mucispirillum, Anaerofustis, and Campylobacter, but enriched genus Lachnoclostridium, Subdoligranulum, Sphaerochaeta, Oscillibacter, and Catenibacillus among others. Untargeted metabolomic analyses revealed that FA increased 7-sulfocholic acid, but reduced the levels of Taurochenodeoxycholate-7-sulfate, LysoPC 20:4 (8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z), LysoPC 18:2, Phosphocholine and other 13 metabolites in the cecum. The results demonstrated that FA may potentially have a significant positive effect on the growth performance and immune function of Xianju yellow chicken through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishi Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanxue Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Ye
- Xianju Breeding Chicken Farm, Taizhou, China
| | - Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Tian
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Wahl Y, Achtzehn S, Schäfer Olstad D, Mester J, Wahl P. Training Load Measures and Biomarker Responses during a 7-Day Training Camp in Young Cyclists-A Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070673. [PMID: 34209610 PMCID: PMC8307195 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: During intense training periods, there is a high need to monitor the external and especially the internal training load in order to fine-tune the training process and to avoid overreaching or overtraining. However, data on stress reactions, especially of biomarkers, to high training loads in children and youth are rare. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the training load of youth athletes during a training camp using a multilevel approach. Materials and Methods: Six trained youth male cyclists performed a 7-day preseason training camp. To investigate the internal training load, every morning, minimally invasive “point-of-care testing” (POCT) devices were used to analyze the following biomarkers: creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin (Alb), bilirubin (Bil), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total protein (TP). Additionally, data of training load measures (HR: heart rate, RPE: rating of perceived exertion, sRPE: session-RPE, TRIMP: training impulse, intensity (RPE:HR), and load (sRPE:TRIMP) ratios), self-perception (person’s perceived physical state, questionnaires on muscle soreness, and sleep quality), and measures of the autonomic nervous system (resting heart rate, heart rate variability) were collected. Two days before and after the training camp, subjects performed performance tests (Graded Exercise Test, Wingate Anaerobic Test, Counter Movement Jump). Results: Primarily, the biomarkers CK, BUN, and Alb, as well as the self-perception showed moderate to large load-dependent reactions during the 7-day training camp. The biomarkers returned to baseline values two days after the last training session. Power output at lactate threshold showed a small increase, and no changes were found for other performance parameters. Conclusions: The study suggests that a multilevel approach is suitable to quantify the internal training load and that different parameters can be used to control the training process. The biomarkers CK, BUN, and Alb are suitable for objectively quantifying the internal training load. The self-perception provides additional subjective information about the internal training load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Wahl
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Silvia Achtzehn
- The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (S.A.); (J.M.)
| | | | - Joachim Mester
- The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (S.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Patrick Wahl
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-36122649482
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Eshar D, Solotoff KL, Beaufrère H. Comparison of plasma total solids concentration as measured by refractometry and plasma total protein concentration as measured by biuret assay in pet rabbits and ferrets. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:977-982. [PMID: 33856870 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.9.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the agreement between plasma total solids (TS) concentration as measured by refractometry and plasma total protein (TP) concentration as measured by biuret assay in pet rabbits and ferrets. SAMPLE 253 and 146 blood samples from 146 and 121 ferrets and rabbits, respectively, with results of CBC and plasma biochemical analyses. PROCEDURES Data were collected from medical records regarding plasma TS and TP concentrations, PCV, plasma biochemical values, plasma appearance, and patient signalment. Agreement was determined between refractometer and biuret assay (reference method) values for plasma TS and TP concentration. Other variables were examined for an impact on this agreement. RESULTS Mean ± SD plasma TP and TS concentrations were 6.4 ± 0.8 mg/dL and 6.6 ± 0.8 mg/dL, respectively, for rabbits and 6.3 ± 1.2 mg/dL and 6.4 ± 1.1 mg/dL for ferrets. On average, refractometer values overestimated plasma TP concentrations as measured by biuret assay. Plasma cholesterol, glucose, and BUN concentrations and hemolysis and lipemia had significant effects on this bias for ferrets; only BUN concentration had an effect on bias for rabbits given the available data. Other variables had no influence on bias. The limits of agreement were wider than the total allowable analytic error, and > 5% of the data points were outside acceptance limits, indicating that the 2 methods were not in clinical agreement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Refractometer measurements of plasma TS concentration failed to provide a good estimation of biuret assay measurements of plasma TP concentration in rabbits and ferrets, suggesting that these 2 analytic methods and the results they yield cannot be used interchangeably in these species.
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Tian CR, Qian L, Shen XZ, Li JJ, Wen JT. Distribution of serum total protein in elderly Chinese. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101242. [PMID: 24967900 PMCID: PMC4072719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum total protein levels of the elderly possibly decrease gradually with aging. However, serum total protein levels are not suitable as a uniform reference standard for the elderly at different ages and genders. Thus, we investigated the total serum protein distribution in different gender and age groups of 11,453 elderly individuals aged ≥60 years and without liver or renal disease from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. The total protein levels (TPL) of these individuals exhibited normal distribution (Z = 1.206, P = 0.109), whereas the reference range (95% CI) was 54.1 g/L to 82.3 g/L. TPL was higher in females than in males for those aged between 60 and 75 years, whereas no significant difference was observed for those aged between 80 and 95 years. TPL was negatively correlated with age in males (r = −0.1342, P<0.05), females (r = −0.304, P<0.05), and the total group (r = −0.2136, P<0.05). TPL also decreased with aging and showed a faster rate in women than in men. These results indicated that an appropriate range of serum total protein based on age and gender differences should be used for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Rong Tian
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Xinpu, China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Xinpu, China
| | - Xiao-Zhu Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Xinpu, China
| | - Jia-Jing Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Center, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Xinpu, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Wen
- Department of Clinical Science Experiment Center, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Xinpu, China
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The influence of sodium hyaluronate molecular weight on protein content according to Lowry and Coomassie blue assays. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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