Morning glory disc anomaly and optic nerve coloboma

Retinal detachment and retinoschisis associated with optic disc pit in peripapillary staphyloma

Purpose

To determine the characteristics and clinical course of an eye with a peripapillary staphyloma and an optic disc pit associated with a retinal detachment (RD) and retinoschisis.

Observations

A 44-year-old woman had a peripapillary staphyloma with a shallow RD and retinoschisis in her right eye. The optic disc was located in the peripapillary staphyloma with steep walls, and an optic disc pit was located on the temporal area of the optic disc cup. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a separation of the lamina cribrosa, herniated retinal tissue, and a subarachnoid space corresponding to the optic disc pit. Pars plana vitrectomy with laser photocoagulation around the temporal margin of the peripapillary staphyloma was performed to treat the RD, and the treatment was successful.

Conclusion and importance

Clinicians should be aware that eyes with a RD and retinoschisis associated with a deep peripapillary staphyloma and an optic disc pit exist. The RD and retinoschisis can be successfully treated by vitrectomy.

Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of congenital cavitary optic disc anomaly (CODA)

AIM

To report the finding of extension of the 4th hyper-reflective band and retinal tissue into the optic disc in patients with cavitary optic disc anomalies (CODAs).

METHODS

In this observational study, 10 patients (18 eyes) with sporadic or autosomal dominant CODA were evaluated with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and colour fundus images for the presence of 4th hyper-reflective band extension into the optic disc.

RESULTS

Of 10 CODA patients (18 eyes), five patients (8 eyes) showed a definite 4th hyper-reflective band (presumed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)) extension into the optic disc. In these five patients (seven eyes), the inner retinal layers also extended with the 4th hyper-reflective band into the optic disc. Best corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/200. In three patients (four eyes), retinal splitting/schisis was present and in two patients (two eyes), the macula was involved. In all cases, the 4th hyper-reflective band extended far beyond the termination of the choroid into the optic disc. The RPE extension was found either temporally or nasally in areas of optic nerve head excavation, most often adjacent to peripapillary pigment. Compared with eyes without RPE extension, eyes with RPE extension were more myopic (mean dioptres -0.9±2.6 vs -8.8±5, p=0.043).

CONCLUSIONS

The RPE usually stops near the optic nerve border separated by a border tissue. With CODA, extension of this hyper-reflective band and retinal tissue into the disc is possible and best evaluable using EDI-OCT or analogous image modalities. Whether this is a finding specific for CODA, linked to specific gene loci or is also seen in patients with other optic disc abnormalities needs further evaluation.