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Manzano Espín JL, Gómez Jorge C, Zarges Triviño PD, Garrido Ríos S, González Álvarez P. Total breast necrosis following cytotoxic agents extravasation. Cir Esp 2023; 101:648-649. [PMID: 35934236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José L Manzano Espín
- Servicio Cirugía Plástica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain.
| | - Concepción Gómez Jorge
- Servicio Cirugía Plástica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Pablo D Zarges Triviño
- Servicio Cirugía Plástica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Sofía Garrido Ríos
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pilar González Álvarez
- Servicio Cirugía Plástica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Atay S, Üzen Cura Ş, Efil S. Nurses' knowledge and experience related to short peripheral venous catheter extravasation. J Vasc Access 2023; 24:848-853. [PMID: 34590526 DOI: 10.1177/11297298211045589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of hospitalized patients receive a Peripheral Venous Catheter (PVC) in the course of their treatment. Extravasation injury is a serious complication of intravenous treatment. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional survey designed study aims to investigate nurses' knowledge and experience related to short peripheral venous catheter extravasation. METHOD The study sample included 145 nurses working in a university hospital in the west of Turkey. A questionnaire developed in accordance with the literature was used for data collection. The data were assessed by frequency and proportions. RESULTS Of the nurses included in this study, 26.2% reported they had experienced extravasation injury in a patient; 74.5% said they had received no instruction in the management of extravasation during their in-service training program; and 85.5% stated they did not keep a record of extravasation. 89.7% of the nurses reported infused medications as a cause of extravasation, and 81.4% reported catheter sites as a cause. Among the medications reported by the nurses as causing extravasation: 89.7% reported contrast agents; 84.8% TPN solutions; 71.0% cytotoxic agents; and 65.1% mannitol. The symptoms of extravasation reported by nurses included: swelling (97.9%), redness (97.2%), pain (92.4%), rise in temperature (65.5%), and ulceration (60.0%). In responding to the occurrence of extravasation, interventions reported by the nurses included: stopping the flow of fluid (98.6%), elevation (89.7%), cold application (76.6%), and aspiration of drug (40.7%). CONCLUSION Based on these results, it is recommended that guidelines are developed for the management of extravasation, that periodic in-service training programs are provided and that observational studies are carried out into the administration of vesicant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Atay
- Nursing Department at School of Health, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Şengül Üzen Cura
- Nursing Department at School of Health, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Sevda Efil
- Nursing Department at School of Health, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
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3
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Necrosis mamaria total tras extravasación de agentes citostáticos. Cir Esp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Procarbazine, Lomustine, and Vincristine (PCV) Regimen for Central Nervous System Tumors. Hosp Pharm 2017; 52:98-104. [PMID: 28321136 DOI: 10.1310/hpj5202-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases. Questions or suggestions for topics should be addressed to Dominic A. Solimando, Jr, President, Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203, e-mail: OncRxSvc@comcast.net; or J. Aubrey Waddell, Professor, University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804, e-mail: waddfour@charter.net. The information presented in this review is based on published data and clinical expertise and includes information not included in the product labeling. Incorporation of such published data provides a more robust assessment of the drugs and assists pharmacists in evaluation of orders for off-label use of these agents.
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Jones AD, Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Hyper-Fractionated Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Doxorubicin, and Dexamethasone Alternating with Methotrexate and Cytarabine (Hyper-CVAD) Regimen. Hosp Pharm 2017. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4106-511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- April D. Jones
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, Memphis, TN
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Pluschnig U, Haslik W, Bartsch R, Mader RM. Extravasation emergencies: state-of-the-art management and progress in clinical research. MEMO 2016; 9:226-230. [PMID: 28058065 PMCID: PMC5165032 DOI: 10.1007/s12254-016-0304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In cancer treatment, extravasation is defined as an inadvertent instillation or leakage of cytotoxic drugs into the perivascular space during infusion. As a dreaded complication of chemotherapy, extravasation has gained increasing attention in recent years. Classified according to their subcutaneous toxicity, three types of cytotoxins have been established: vesicants, irritants and nonvesicant drugs. Vesicant cytotoxic drugs may induce tissue damage, ulceration and tissue necrosis. Although we have established measures to manage extravasation emergencies, prevention is of paramount importance. This may be achieved within hospitals through regular training and education, which is best provided by a specialised and experienced task force including all disciplines involved in cancer therapy. Moreover, clinical and translational studies contribute to a better management of chemotherapy-induced extravasation as shown by our group in recent years. We were able to demonstrate that the evaluation of blood flow by indocyanine green angiography in the extravasation area predicts the extent of damage and the need of future surgical intervention. When a Port-a-Cath® extravasation is detected early, a subcutaneous wash-out procedure was found to be beneficial, corroborated by the analytical evaluation of the removed cytotoxic compound epirubicin. In another study, the tissue distribution of platinum was quantified at the anatomic level in cryosections of various tissues. This novel knowledge complements and supports our current efforts to handle extravasations better. On the other hand, a number of new drugs (chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors etc.) with many open issues to reliably classify their tissue toxicity still require our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Pluschnig
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, General Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Werner Haslik
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Bartsch
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert M. Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Gilbar P, Dooley M, Brien JA. Inadvertent intrathecal administration of vincristine: are we fulfilling our roles as oncology pharmacists? J Oncol Pharm Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1191/1078155204jp134ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gilbar PJ, Carrington CV. The incidence of extravasation of vinca alkaloids supplied in syringes or mini-bags. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2016; 12:113-8. [PMID: 16984750 DOI: 10.1177/1078155206070448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Study objective. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of vinca alkaloid extravasation following administration via syringes or mini-bags. Methods. An electronic survey was sent to pharmacy departments at hospitals throughout Australia. The survey was designed to collect data on the administration methods of vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine) and the corresponding documented incidence of extravasation. The questionnaire requested the following information: how the drugs were prepared for administration (syringe or mini-bag); volume of each product; number of items supplied; and the number of cases of extravasation reported for each product. Results. Questionnaires were sent to 228 hospital pharmacy departments in Australia. Sixty-eight questionnaires were received (29.8%), including responses from most major cancer centres. Data represented a range of 3 to 120 months (mean: 38 months) of clinical experience. The reported incidence of vincristine extravasation from syringes was 0.03% (11/37 084) and 0.041% (3/7255) with mini-bags. One case of vinblastine extravasation was reported with syringes 0.013% (1/7913), none from mini-bags (0/1421). Vinorelbine data were difficult to interpret as cases may represent phlebitis rather than extravasation. The reported incidence from vinorelbine syringes was 0.029% (2/6914) and 0.146% (8/5475) with mini-bags. Excluding vinorelbine data, the reported vinca alkaloid extravasation episodes from syringes (0.027%) and mini-bags (0.035%) were found to be similar and infrequent. Conclusion. The data suggest that vinca alkaloids can be given safely as low volume, short infusions via mini-bags. Policies and practices that ensure the same careful monitoring of infusional therapy as is recommended with administration by syringe may further reduce the incidence of untoward effects. Mini-bags should be used for the administration of vinca alkaloids and this practice will prevent the inadvertent intrathecal administration of vinca alkaloids via syringes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gilbar
- Department of Pharmacy, Toowoomba Health Services, PMB 2, Toowoomba 4350, Australia.
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Adkins KE, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Doxorubicin and Dacarbazine (AD) Regimen for Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Hosp Pharm 2015; 50:194-8. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj5003-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E. Adkins
- Hematology-Oncology Pharmacy Service, Department of Pharmacy, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
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10
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Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases. Questions or suggestions for topics should be addressed to Dominic A. Solimando, Jr, President, Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203, e-mail: OncRxSvc@comcast.net; or J. Aubrey Waddell, Professor, University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804, e-mail: waddfour@charter.net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Y Shang
- Dr. Shang is a pharmacist with the American Red Cross, Department of Pharmacy, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dominic A Solimando
- Dr. Shang is a pharmacist with the American Red Cross, Department of Pharmacy, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Aubrey Waddell
- Dr. Shang is a pharmacist with the American Red Cross, Department of Pharmacy, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, Maryland
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Conde-Estévez D, Mateu-de Antonio J. Treatment of anthracycline extravasations using dexrazoxane. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 16:11-7. [PMID: 23949792 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extravasation of cytotoxic agents is a true medical emergency. Dexrazoxane is the only licensed drug for the treatment of anthracycline extravasations. Dexrazoxane proved to be effective and moderately well tolerated. However, alternative approaches for the management of anthracycline extravasations are available such as topical DMSO and cooling. There appears to be general agreement about dexrazoxane usefulness when extravasations involve large volumes of anthracycline and/or central venous access device. Nevertheless, the non-invasive combination of DMSO and cooling is the most commonly described therapy, particularly in small anthracycline extravasations. Further research is still needed to establish unequivocal situations where dexrazoxane must be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Conde-Estévez
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitari del Mar. Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain,
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13
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Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Cisplatin, Epirubicin, Levoleucovorin (or Leucovorin), and Fluorouracil (PELF) Regimen for Gastric Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4711-834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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14
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Moller AG, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicin, and Fluorouracil (CEF) Regimen for Breast Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4709-683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G. Moller
- oncology pharmacist at Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Ft. Belvoir, Virginia
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15
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Boschi R, Rostagno E. Extravasation of antineoplastic agents: prevention and treatments. Pediatr Rep 2012; 4:e28. [PMID: 25396033 PMCID: PMC4227315 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2012.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extravasation of antineoplastic agents is an unwanted and distressing situation that can easily occur. It may cause severe and irreversible local injuries. Left untreated, vesicant chemotherapy extravasation can potentially cause tissue necrosis, functional impairment and permanent disfigurement. This article provides a review of current literature regarding recommendations on the prevention and treatment of extravasation of antineoplastic agents.
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16
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Sun J, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Cisplatin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine (CVD) Regimen for Melanoma. Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4707-518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Sun
- U.S. Pharmacopeia, Rockville, Maryland. University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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17
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Massoud RV, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Leucovorin, Fluorouracil, and Irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus Bevacizumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4610-748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Vivian Massoud
- Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC. University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, Virginia
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18
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Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Epirubicin, Oxaliplatin, and Capecitabine Regimen for Gastric and Esophageal Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4609-657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203
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Conde-Estévez D, Mateu-de Antonio J. [Update in the management of extravasations of cytocytostatic agent]. FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA 2011; 36:34-42. [PMID: 21798785 DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present current developments in the specific management of extravasations of antineoplastic agents after the extravasation. METHOD We conducted a search in PubMed, Medline and IDIS-Iowa to identify papers written in English or Spanish that described new specific measures for the management of extravasations. We also reviewed the references given in these papers and recent tertiary sources related to oncology or cytostatic agents. The search covered the period between 1997 and 2010. RESULTS There are only specific measures for the treatment of extravasations of 22 cytostatic agents. These measures are presented for each cytostatic agent, according their drug group. CONCLUSIONS Although currently there is no general consensus on the specific management of antineoplastic agents after extravasation, this review outlines the information collected and published so far, so that it may be of use to any national health centre where cytostatic drugs are prescribed, handled or administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Conde-Estévez
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital del Mar (Parc de Salut Mar), Barcelona, España.
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20
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Furst JM, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Bevacizumab. Hosp Pharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4606-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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21
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King CL, Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Gemcitabine and Carboplatin (GC) Regimen for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4605-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L. King
- PGY-1 Pharmacy Practice Resident at Blount Memorial Hospital, Maryville, Tennessee
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22
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Grimes SS, Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Weekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4603-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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23
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Subcutaneous wash-out procedure (SWOP) for the treatment of chemotherapeutic extravasations. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011; 64:240-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2010.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zomp A, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. CODOX-M/IVAC for non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Hosp Pharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4602-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Zomp
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, North Carolina, when this publication was written. She is currently a pharmacy practice resident at Palmetto Health Richland in Columbia, South Carolina
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26
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Yarbro LM, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Stanford V Regimen for Hodgkin Lymphoma. Hosp Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4512-906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Yarbro
- Oncology Pharmacy Resident (PGY2) at the Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona
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Successful dexrazoxane treatment of a potentially severe extravasation of concentrated doxorubicin. Anticancer Drugs 2010; 21:790-4. [PMID: 20671512 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32833d9032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dexrazoxane is now authorized for the treatment of anthracycline extravasations. Several clinical cases of doxorubicin extravasation treated with dexrazoxane have been reported to date, but detailed cases have not been published. We report a case of a successful dexrazoxane treatment for a potentially severe extravasation of concentrated doxorubicin. We also describe objective outcome of this treatment, drug tolerance to dexrazoxane and long follow-up. A 29-year-old man diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma was prescribed a regimen including 90 mg of doxorubicin in a 50 ml infusion using a reduced occlusion infusion pump. After this infusion, the patient complained of pain around the site of injection and presented a 10x6-cm swollen area with erythema and inflammation. A significant portion of doxorubicin was extravasated. Dexrazoxane was prescribed as an antidote. Side effects of dexrazoxane were restricted to reversible hematological toxicity, nausea, and vomiting. The next day, the inflammation of the extravasation area was reduced. On day 7, a painless mild induration in the extravasated area was the only remaining sign of the extravasation. On day 40, an arm nuclear magnetic resonance image showed no focal injuries. At 6-month follow-up, the patient has no sequelae. The two risk factors that could have increased the severity of the extravasation are the use of an infusion pump and the high drug concentration. Dexrazoxane proved to be effective and moderately well tolerated. A dexrazoxane stock in oncological facilities could help to promptly handle emergencies like this. Anthracyclines can be administered using reduced occlusion infusion pumps, but it seems preferable to always administer a free-running infusion to minimize accidents like this one.
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28
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Wu K, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Docetaxel and Carboplatin (DC) for Ovarian Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4508-607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Wu
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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29
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Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and Capecitabine (ECX) Regimen. Hosp Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4507-527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Aubrey Waddell
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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30
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Solimando DA, Moussavian PA, Franklin K, Waddell JA. Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil (TCF) for Head and Neck Cancers. Hosp Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4506-453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parvaneh A. Moussavian
- Supervisor of the Investigational Drug Section, Department of Pharmacy, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Kaitlyn Franklin
- Doctor of Pharmacy student at Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine School of Pharmacy, Erie, Pennsylvania
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31
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Halford ZR, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Docetaxel and Prednisone (DP) for Advanced Prostate Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4504-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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32
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Rutledge MR, Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Liposomal Doxorubicin and Bortezomib for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Hosp Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4503-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Rutledge
- Hematology-Oncology Pharmacy Service, Department of Pharmacy, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203
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33
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Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil (ECF) Regimen. Hosp Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4412-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparing, dispensing, and administering antineoplastic therapy and to the agents, commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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34
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Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Pemetrexed and Carboplatin (PC) Regimen. Hosp Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4411-946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparing, dispensing, and administering antineoplastic therapy and to the agents, commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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35
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Solimando DA, Waddell JA. BEACOPP (escalated) Regimen for Hodgkin Lymphoma. Hosp Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4410-858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparing, dispensing, and administering antineoplastic therapy and to the agents, commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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36
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Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Irinotecan and Carboplatin (IC) Regimen for Lung Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4409-740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires that pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparing, dispensing, and administering antineoplastic therapy and to the agents, commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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37
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Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires that pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparing, dispensing, and administering antineoplastic therapy and to the agents, commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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38
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Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Melphalan, Prednisone, and Thalidomide (MPT) Regimen for Multiple Myeloma. Hosp Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4407-569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires that pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparing, dispensing, and administering antineoplastic therapy and to the agents, commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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39
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Solimando DA, Waddell JA, Watts AJ. Docetaxel and Estramustine for Prostate Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4406-473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires that pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparing, dispensing, and administering antineoplastic therapy and to the agents, commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew J. Watts
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nursing & AHS, Howard University, Washington, DC
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40
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Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Gemcitabine and Capecitabine (GemCap) Regimen for Solid Tumors. Hosp Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4404-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires that pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparing, dispensing, and administering antineoplastic therapy and to the agents, commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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41
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42
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Bae EJ, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, and Cyclophosphamide (FEC100) for Breast Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4401-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires that pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd. #110–545, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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43
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44
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Moussavian PA, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide (ICE) for Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Hosp Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4311-878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires that pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases. The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh A. Moussavian
- Hematology-Oncology Pharmacy Service, Department of Pharmacy, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd. #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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45
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Solimando DA, Patel K, Waddell JA. Cisplatin and Pemetrexed for Lung Cancer and Pleural Mesothelioma. Hosp Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4310-800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires that pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kajal Patel
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
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46
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Whitmore MB, Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide Regimen in the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4309-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires that pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensation, and administration of antineoplastic therapy and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Brooke Whitmore
- Wilson Pharmacy, Johnson City, Tennessee, Blount Memorial Hospital, Maryville, Tennessee
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd. #110–545, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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47
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Watanabe H, Ikesue H, Yoshida M, Yamamoto N, Sakamoto S, Koga T, Sueyasu M, Egashira N, Inoshima I, Nakanishi Y, Oishi R. Protection against the Extravasation of Anticancer Drugs by Standardization of the Management System. Hosp Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4307-571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extravasation of anticancer drugs is a serious complication. On the basis of data regarding extravasation prevention and treatment obtained primarily by pharmacists, the management system for extravasation of anticancer drugs was standardized at an outpatient chemotherapy center. A kit was prepared so that physicians could promptly and safely perform venipuncture; the kit included a classification list of anticancer drugs. Prior to administration of vesicant or irritant drugs, pharmacists and nurses educated the patients. When anticancer drugs were administered via peripheral vein without using an implanted venous access device, extravasation occurred in 10 out of 7,059 courses (0.14%) during the 2-year study period postintroduction of the present management system. This incidence is remarkably low as compared with those previously reported. The extravasated drugs were epirubicin (n = 3), paclitaxel (n = 3), vinorelbine (n = 1), 5–fluorouracil (n = 1), carboplatin (n = 1), and cyclophosphamide (n = 1). Cold packs were applied around the injection site except in the cases involving vinorelbine, in which warm packs were used. In all cases of extravasation of vesicant drugs, glucocorticoid was injected locally. There were no cases involving continuous pain or skin ulcers. The standardization of the management system for extravasation of anticancer drugs was very effective in decreasing the occurrence, as well as decreasing skin damage if it occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Setsuko Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Koga
- Outpatient Chemotherapy Center and Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Masanori Sueyasu
- Outpatient Chemotherapy Center and Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Inoshima
- Outpatient Chemotherapy Center and Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Outpatient Chemotherapy Center and Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryozo Oishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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48
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Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Vincristine, Dactinomycin, and Cyclophosphamide (VAC) Regimen. Hosp Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4307-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy now requires that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column will review various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy and review various agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
| | - Dominic A. Solimando
- Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203
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49
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Mbue JE, Solimando DA, Waddell JA. Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, and Cyclophosphamide (FEC) for Breast Cancer. Hosp Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4306-462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy now requires that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column will review various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy, and review various agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Mbue
- Medical Service Corps, Hematology-Oncology Pharmacy Service, Department of Pharmacy, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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50
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Rutledge MR, Waddell JA, Solimando DA. Vincristine, Doxorubicin, and Cyclophosphamide Alternating with Ifosfamide and Etoposide Regimen for Ewing's Sarcoma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET) of Bone. Hosp Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4305-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy now requires that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column will review various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy, and review various agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Aubrey Waddell
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804
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