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Health Literacy on Neuropsychiatric Symptom Awareness. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.723441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Shehata WM, Abdeldaim DE. Stigma Towards Mental Illness Among Tanta University Students, Egypt. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:464-470. [PMID: 31696380 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A "mental disorder" can be defined as a "behavioral or psychological syndrome that occurs in an individual. It represents about 13% of the global disease burden which is expected increase to 15% by 2020. Moreover, by 2020, depression is expected to be second to ischemic heart disease as a contributor in the global disease burden. This study aimed to assessment of stigmatizing beliefs towards mental illness among students, in Tanta University, Egypt. The study was conducted on medical, pharmaceutical and science faculties, Tanta University, Egypt during October and November 2018. The methods were a self administered questionnaire consisted of two parts sociodemographic factors and Belief about Mental Illness Scale. The results were: the pharmaceutical students have more negative beliefs towards mental illness than other students. The study concluded that: science students showing a more positive belief towards mental illness followed by medical then pharmaceutical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M Shehata
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Doaa E Abdeldaim
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Pottinger AM, Bailey A, Passard N. Archival data review of intimate partner homicide-suicide in Jamaica, 2007 - 2017: focus on mental health and community response. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2019; 43:e99. [PMID: 31819747 PMCID: PMC6884097 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2019.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To identify social and behavioral patterns and mental health concerns associated with intimate partner homicide-suicide (IPHS) in Jamaica through an analysis of media and police reports. Methods. This was an archival data review of police records and print, radio, and television reports of IPHS incidents from January 2007 – June 2017 in Jamaica. The 27 cases found were qualitatively analyzed using pre-identified codes and open coding to generate themes and patterns. Results. A prevalence rate of 0.1 per 100 000 was determined. In all cases, males were the homicide-offender. Sociodemographic patterns associated with IPHS incidents—age, personality traits, choice of weapon, and time of occurrence—were consistent with previous findings. Common triggers were offender obsession, sexual jealousy, and fear of separation. Despite reports of mental health concerns in both male and female partners, neither the couples nor community members sought help prior to the homicide-suicide. Conclusion. These findings demand a change in cultural attitudes toward domestic disputes and mental health concerns, and a redefining of the community’s responsibility in IPHS. The warning signs associated with IPHS should be part of existing violence and suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Pottinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health The University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston Jamaica Department of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Althea Bailey
- Department of Community and Psychiatry The University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston Jamaica Department of Community and Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Nickiesha Passard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health The University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston Jamaica Department of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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Attitudes toward disabilities among students in college settings: A multidimensional scaling analysis with biplot. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION COUNSELLING 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/jrc.2019.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe investigated attitudes toward 10 specific groups of individuals with disabilities among students in college settings. These groups comprised major depression, substance use disorder (SUD), anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, learning disability, visual impairment, spinal cord injury, and cancer survivor. The multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis revealed a two-dimension space representing participants’ attitudes toward those disabilities. The MDS biplot further indicated higher levels of perceived dangerousness from the groups with SUD, major depression, anxiety disorder, and ASD. The hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that cluster A (SUD and major depression) was rated as having the highest level of social distance (i.e., negative attitudes). The implications for research and practice in rehabilitation counseling were discussed.
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Aluh DO, Okonta MJ, Odili VU. Cross-sectional survey of mental health literacy among undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028913. [PMID: 31515420 PMCID: PMC6747681 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to assess knowledge of schizophrenia and help-seeking behaviour among undergraduate students of a Nigerian university. Sociodemographic predictors of correct recognition were also explored. DESIGN The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. SETTING The study was carried out at the University of Nigeria, a pioneer university located in Southeastern Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria. METHODS All consenting male and female students of three purposively selected faculties were recruited for the study. Self-administered vignette-based questionnaires were distributed to students of the selected faculties between September and November 2018. Data were analysed using the IBM Statistical Product and Services Solution for Windows V.21.0. RESULTS Out of the 400 questionnaires that were distributed, 389 were completed and returned (97.3% response rate). Respondents were mainly female (64.9%, n=252) and were between the ages of 18 and 24 years (75.8%, n=294). One in eight respondents (12.1%, n=47) correctly identified and labelled the schizophrenia vignette. Hallucination was the most identified symptom of distress for schizophrenia (47.9%, n=186). The most common alternative label for schizophrenia was 'mental illness' (24.7%, n=96). Schizophrenia was also mislabelled as depression (11.6%, n=45). More than a 10th of the respondents used stigmatising labels such as 'crazy' and 'mad' (11.1%, n=43). Psychiatrists were the most recommended source of help for the vignette character (36.3%, n=141). There was a strong association between the faculty of study and the ability to correctly identify and label the schizophrenia vignette (χ2=44.557, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Mental health literacy among students of the University of Nigeria was poor. Research on culturally sensitive interventions to improve mental health literacy should be embarked on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Oyine Aluh
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Valentine Uche Odili
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy practice, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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Kaparounaki CK, Koraka CA, Kotsi ES, Ntziovara AMP, Kyriakidis GC, Fountoulakis KN. Greek university student's attitudes and beliefs concerning mental illness and its treatment. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2019; 65:515-526. [PMID: 31311387 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019864122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stigma concerning mental disorder is a widespread phenomenon concerning the beliefs and attitudes of the public toward mental patients with a significant negative impact on state policy and the outcome of the patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 1,363 students of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The survey was based on an Internet-based electronic platform. The statistical analysis included analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Yates corrected chi-square test. RESULTS Approximately, 87% of students responded that they know what mental disorder is, 70% were informed from the Internet, 30% consider mental patients responsible for their condition, more than 95% blame the way they were raised and almost 60% consider mental disorder to be heritable. Only a minority feel negatively with a mental patient around and close to 80% would socialize with them. More than 80% accept the need for psychiatric medication treatment but the opinion is split concerning compulsory treatment, and one-third consider medication to be harmful. DISCUSSION The results of this study suggest that most students believe they know much about mental illness; however, overall their responses are contradictory. They reply with confidence although they are informed mainly by the media and the Internet in an unreliable way. A number of factors including gender, specific school or personal experience of mental disorder in the family seem to influence the result. A combined educational plus contact might be necessary to reduce stigma, since education alone seems to exert a weak effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi K Kaparounaki
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysoula A Koraka
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni S Kotsi
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria P Ntziovara
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos C Kyriakidis
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- 2 3rd Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Arrue M, Zarandona J, Hoyos Cillero I. Nursing students' alternative beliefs regarding care for patients suffering from depression. Nurse Educ Pract 2018; 29:185-190. [PMID: 29414113 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression is an illness that constitutes a major challenge for Public Health worldwide. Therefore, there is a clear need to receive training to care for this type of patient. This study sets out to identify alternative non-scientific beliefs among nursing students regarding the topic of depression after studying the module of Psychopathology. This study enrolled 102 third year undergraduate nursing students. The students resolved a case on an individual basis in written form which was analysed qualitatively. In this study, we have found that, despite having undergone information-transfer educational training in relation to the physiopathology of depression, nursing students persist in holding unscientific beliefs about this condition. On the basis that the opinions of nurses about depression can influence the care of their future patients, it is important to consider these alternative beliefs as learning difficulties in order to design an effective teaching instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arrue
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Department of Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | | | - Itziar Hoyos Cillero
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Department of Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Wong KP, Bonn G, Tam CL, Wong CP. Preferences for Online and/or Face-to-Face Counseling among University Students in Malaysia. Front Psychol 2018; 9:64. [PMID: 29445352 PMCID: PMC5798405 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, online counseling is considered to be a cost-effective and highly accessible method of providing basic counseling and mental health services. To examine the potential of online delivery as a way of increasing overall usage of services, this study looked at students' attitudes toward and likelihood of using both online and/or face-to-face counseling. A survey was conducted with 409 students from six universities in Malaysia participating. Approximately 35% of participants reported that they would be likely to utilize online counseling services but would be unlikely to participate in face-to-face counseling. Based on these results, it is suggested that offering online counseling, in addition to face-to-face services, could be an effective way for many university counseling centers to increase the utilization of their services and thus better serve their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah P. Wong
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Gregory Bonn
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cai L. Tam
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Chee P. Wong
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Ramkissoon AK, Donald C, Hutchinson G. Supernatural versus medical: Responses to mental illness from undergraduate university students in Trinidad. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63:330-338. [PMID: 28446041 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017702412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background/Introduction: Perceptions about the aetiology of mental illness are likely to influence help-seeking behaviour. Understanding help-seeking behaviour will improve service provision and access. Therefore, this is likely to improve treatment outcomes. METHODS We assessed the perceptions and help-seeking behaviours surrounding mental illness in a Trinidadian population of 158 tertiary-level students (136 female, 22 male; mean age 30) by analysing their responses to a questionnaire which asked for responses regarding a case vignette of a 25-year-old young woman exhibiting symptoms suggestive of schizophrenia. RESULTS Of the respondents, 32.3% attributed the symptoms to supernatural causes. Specifically, 27.8% to someone doing her bad and 24.1% to evil spirits. In all, 77.2% of respondents indicated that mental illness was caused by medical problems and 63.3% to work stress. A minimum of 9.5% of the students therefore have dual perceptions regarding causation (77.2 + 32.3 = 109.5) Those who perceived causation to be supernatural said they would seek help from both medical ( p = .000) and supernatural ( p = .000) modalities. This also applied significantly to those who said the causation was medical, that is, seeking both religious intervention ( p = .000) and medical intervention (.000) as the first path in the health-seeking pathway. CONCLUSION Dual help-seeking behaviour seems to be the functional result of an integration of religious and medical models of mental illness causation even in respondents who clearly identified only one of these as the likely cause of the illness behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casswina Donald
- Psychiatry Unit, The University of the West Indies, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Gerard Hutchinson
- Psychiatry Unit, The University of the West Indies, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
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Harrison A, Chambers J, Campbell-Forrester S. Adolescent health in the Caribbean region: insights from the Jamaican experience. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; 28:327-332. [PMID: 26115502 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent health in Jamaica and the wider English-speaking Caribbean has over the past three decades advanced in achieving improved healthcare services for adolescents. The path taken to achieve success thus far is reviewed - including a historical perspective on the services offered, revision of the relevant policy and legislation frameworks, improved service delivery through education and training of relevant stakeholders and providers, improved youth participation, and sustained involvement of advocates.
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Youssef FF. Medical Student Stress, Burnout and Depression in Trinidad and Tobago. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2016; 40:69-75. [PMID: 26758738 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-015-0468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health-care workers in developed nations are well known to experience high levels of burnout and psychiatric morbidity, but little information is available from the Caribbean and other less well-developed regions. This study sought to explore the prevalence of stress, burnout, and depressive symptoms and associated risk factors among medical students in Trinidad and Tobago, the southernmost Caribbean island. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was used to sample students. Data was collected utilizing standardized questionnaires that assess stress, burnout, and depressive symptoms. Demographic data and information pertaining to potential risk factors was also gathered. Overall, 450 questionnaires were distributed and analysis was performed upon 381 completed surveys (response rate 85%). RESULTS Students demonstrated high levels of stress and a significant prevalence of burnout (52%) and depressive symptoms (40%). Final year students demonstrated higher levels of burnout and depressive symptoms. Students who (i) felt they lacked emotional support, (ii) had little opportunity for relaxation and exercise, and (iii) did not feel they had control of their daily schedule all demonstrated higher levels of burnout and depressive symptoms. However, students who practiced from a faith base and considered their religion important demonstrated lower levels of both. CONCLUSIONS Medical students in Trinidad and Tobago are experiencing high levels of stress with a large proportion suffering from burnout and depressive symptoms. These data suggest that immediate interventions are necessary to help students cope with the challenges faced during medical school. Additionally, more research is needed to explore the potential causal links between burnout and depression during medical school and the effectiveness of tailored interventions especially within the context of developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid F Youssef
- The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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