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Domingo-Espiñeira J, Varaona A, Montero M, Lara-Abelenda FJ, Gutierrez-Rojas L, Fernández del Campo EA, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Pinto da Costa M, Ortega MA, Alvarez-Mon M, Alvarez-Mon MA. Public perception of psychiatry, psychology and mental health professionals: a 15-year analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1369579. [PMID: 38745783 PMCID: PMC11092373 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1369579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background X (previously known as "Twitter") serves as a platform for open discussions on mental health, providing an avenue for scrutinizing public perspectives regarding psychiatry, psychology and their associated professionals. Objective To analyze the conversations happening on X about psychiatrists, psychologists, and their respective disciplines to understand how the public perception of these professionals and specialties has evolved over the last 15 years. Methods We collected and analyzed all tweets posted in English or Spanish between 2007 and 2023 referring to psychiatry, psychology, neurology, mental health, psychiatrist, psychologist, or neurologist using advance topic modelling and sentiment analysis. Results A total of 403,767 tweets were analyzed, 155,217 (38%) were in English and 248,550 (62%) in Spanish. Tweets about mental health and mental health professionals and disciplines showed a consistent volume between 2011 and 2016, followed by a gradual increase from 2016 through 2022. The proportion of tweets discussing mental health doubled from 2016 to 2022, increasing from 20% to 67% in Spanish and from 15% to 45% in English. Several differences were observed on the volume of tweets overtime depending on the language they were written. Users associated each term with varied topics, such as seeking for help and recommendation for therapy, self-help resources, medication and side effects, suicide prevention, mental health in times of crisis, among others. The number of tweets mentioning these topics increased by 5-10% from 2016 to 2022, indicating a growing interest among the population. Emotional analysis showed most of the topics were associated with fear and anger. Conclusion The increasing trend in discussions about mental health and the related professionals and disciplines over time may signify an elevated collective awareness of mental health. Gaining insights into the topics around these matters and user's corresponding emotions towards them presents an opportunity to combat the stigma surrounding mental health more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Varaona
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - María Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Lara-Abelenda
- Departamento Teoria de la Señal y Comunicaciones y Sistemas Telemáticos y Computación, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria de Telecomunicación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Luis Gutierrez-Rojas
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Pinto da Costa
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research, Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
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Kwak M, Fogel J, Tetrokalashvili M. Utilization of Mental Health Services Within 1 Year of Delivery among Different Language Groups. South Med J 2024; 117:175-181. [PMID: 38569603 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cultural differences can affect postpartum mental health disorders and the utilization of mental health services. We compared women speaking English, Spanish, Russian, and Urdu/Bengali/Punjabi from postpartum through 1 year after delivery. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 3478 pregnant women from a public hospital in New York City. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of the presence of any of the following: diagnosis of depressive disorder, diagnosis of anxiety disorder, visit to a behavioral health service provider, and/or psychiatric admission. The secondary outcome was healthcare provider referral to a behavioral health service provider. RESULTS Languages spoken were English (n = 1881), Spanish (n = 694), Russian (n = 600), and Urdu/Bengali/Punjabi (n = 303). The language groups differed significantly (P = 0.02) for the composite outcome, with English having the greatest percentage (3.5%) and Russian the lowest percentage (1.2%). The language groups significantly differed for referral to behavioral health (P = 0.04), with Spanish having the greatest percentage (1.6%) and Russian the lowest percentage (0.2%). Anxiety disorder history (odds ratio [OR] 10.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.75-22.91, P < 0.001) and psychiatric disorder history (OR 5.26, 95% CI 2.13-8.49, P < 0.001) were each significantly associated with increased odds for the composite outcome. Anxiety disorder history (OR 6.42, 95% CI 1.92-21.45, P = 0.003) and elevated depressive symptoms (OR 4.92, 95% CI 2.04-11.83, P < 0.001) each were significantly associated with increased odds for referral to behavioral health. CONCLUSIONS Russian language was associated with lower utilization of mental health services postpartum. These findings can help clinicians determine among postpartum women who will be affected with mental health concerns and who will seek treatment for mental health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kwak
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Joshua Fogel
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Entrepreneurship, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Maggie Tetrokalashvili
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, New York
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Jurcik T, Zaremba-Pike S, Kosonogov V, Mohammed AR, Krasavtseva Y, Sawada T, Samarina I, Buranova N, Adu P, Sergeev N, Skuratov A, Demchenko A, Kochetkov Y. The efficacy of augmented reality exposure therapy in the treatment of spider phobia-a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1214125. [PMID: 38440241 PMCID: PMC10911123 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1214125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The evidence for the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in treating specific phobias has been growing. However, issues of accessibility persist, especially in developing countries. The current study examined a novel, but relatively simple therapist guided smartphone-based AR Exposure Treatment (ARET) of spider phobia. Participants who reported symptoms of Arachnophobia were randomized into one of three comparison groups: ARET (n = 20), traditional in vivo exposure therapy (IVET; n = 18) and a waitlist control group (n = 17). Behavioral approach, subjective symptom measures, and galvanic skin response were assessed pre- and post-treatment. The study was concluded with a one-month follow up assessment. Results indicated that both treatment groups showed statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in behavioral approach at post-test that were maintained at 1 month follow- up, compared to the wait-listed group. Moreover, the treatment groups demonstrated significant improvements in subjective symptom report at 1-month follow up. Given its utility and potential accessibility, our findings suggest that future AR evaluation research could be conducted in therapy settings with minimal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jurcik
- School of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Abdul-Raheem Mohammed
- Department of Social and Behavioral Change, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yulia Krasavtseva
- Department of Pedagogy and Medical Psychology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Cognitive Therapy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tadamasa Sawada
- School of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Psychology, Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University, Yerevan, Armenia
- Akian College of Science and Engineering, American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
- European University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Irina Samarina
- Department of Healthcare, P. B. Gannushkin Moscow Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 4, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter Adu
- Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nikita Sergeev
- Department of Computer Engineering, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Skuratov
- Department of Computer Engineering, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
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Kass M, Alexander L, Moskowitz K, James N, Salum GA, Leventhal B, Merikangas K, Milham MP. Robust Parental Preferences in Mental Health Screening in Youth From a Multinational Online Survey. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.09.23285610. [PMID: 36798244 PMCID: PMC9934784 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.23285610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Importance Screening youth for mental disorders may assist in prevention, promote early identification, and reduce related lifetime impairment and distress. Objective The goal was to survey parents about their comfort and preferences for pediatric mental health screening, as well as factors associated with these preferences. Design The online survey was available July 11-14, 2021 on Prolific Academic. Analyses were conducted from November 2021 to November 2022. Setting Online survey. Participants The survey was administered to English-speaking parents with at least one 5-21-year old child at home. The sample included 972 parents, aged 21 and older, from the United States ( n =265), United Kingdom ( n =282), Canada ( n =171), and Other Countries ( n =254). Exposures None. Main Outcomes/Measures Parental preferences regarding the screening content, implementation preferences, and screener reviewing preferences of pediatric mental health screening were assessed in a novel survey. Mixed effects logistic models were employed to evaluate factors that influence parental comfort levels. Results Parents, aged 21 to 65 ( M =39.4; 62.3% female), supported annual mental health screening for their child and preferred reviewing the screening results with professional staff (e.g., physicians). Parents preferred parent-report over child self-reports, though they were generally comfortable with both options. Despite slight variations based on country of residence, screening topic, and child's age, parents were generally comfortable discussing all 21 topics. The greatest comfort was with sleep problems; the least comfort was with firearms, gender identity, suicidality, and substance use/abuse. Conclusions/Relevance Our data indicated that parents support annual parent- and child self-report mental health screening in primary care settings, but comfort levels differ according to various factors, such as screening topic. Parents preferred screening to occur in the healthcare office and to discuss screening results with professional staff. In addition to parental need for expert guidance, the growing awareness of child mental health needs highlights the importance of addressing mental health concerns early via regular mental health screenings. KEY POINTS Question: What are parents' attitudes towards pediatric mental health screening in primary care settings?Findings: The vast majority of parents surveyed online ( N=972) expressed comfort with the screening of children for mental health concerns in the primary care setting. Variations in comfort were noted in relation to age of child and topics included. Parents expressed a preference for parent report over child report, as well as for reviewing screening results with professional medical staff. These findings were robust to the country of residence (e.g., United States, Canada, United Kingdom). Meaning: Our findings document parental preferences that should be incorporated to enhance the feasibility of mental health screening in primary care settings.
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Cavanagh D, Jurcik T, Charkhabi M. How does trust affect help-seeking for Depression in Russia and Australia? Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1561-1570. [PMID: 34461759 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211039253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major contributor to the global burden of disease that affects more than 300 million people worldwide. Cross cultural studies find that culture influences levels of trust which can impact upon an individual's likelihood to seek psychological help when experiencing Depression. AIMS Help seeking is essential for improved mental health outcomes. This study aims to consider how trust affects help-seeking as well as examine the differences in stigma and social distance between participants in Russia and Australia. METHOD Participants consisted of two separate samples from Australian (n = 229) and Russia (n = 259) which were recruited based on a vignette of a diagnostically unlabelled psychiatric case history with Depression using a cross-cultural research design. They completed items on the level of trust in health professionals, stigma and endorsement of help-seeking. RESULTS Findings suggest that trust can predict the endorsement of seeking help from a psychologist. Moreover, trust was lower for participants in Russia compared to those in Australia for mental health professionals. Participants in Russia had higher levels of stigma and social distance than their counterparts in Australia. Overall, participants in Australia were more likely to seek professional help than those in Russia. CONCLUSIONS Trust can predict the endorsement of help-seeking from mental health professionals cross culturally. Barriers to help-seeking such as stigma continue to negatively affect mental health outcomes, particularly in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cavanagh
- HSE University, Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Knaifel E, Youngmann R, Neter E. Immigrant generation, acculturation, and mental health literacy among former Soviet Union immigrants in Israel. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 69:724-734. [PMID: 36409068 PMCID: PMC10152215 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221134236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on Mental Health Literacy (MHL) has been growing in different geographical and cultural contexts. However, little is known about the relationship between immigrant generations, acculturation, stigma, and MHL among immigrant populations. AIMS This study aims to examine differences in MHL among immigrant generations (first, 1.5, and second) from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel and to assess whether differences are accounted for by immigration generation or acculturation. METHOD MHL was assessed among 420 participants using a cross-sectional survey adapted from the Australian National Survey. Associations of immigrant generation, socio-demographic characteristics, and acculturation with MHL indices were examined using bivariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS First generation immigrants reported poorer identification of mental disorders and higher personal stigma than both 1.5- and second-generation immigrants. Acculturation was positively associated with identification of mental disorders and negatively associated with personal stigma across all immigrants' generations. When all variables were entered into a multivariate model predicting MHL indices, acculturation and gender were associated with personal stigma and only acculturation was associated with better identification of mental disorders. CONCLUSION Differences in MHL among FSU immigrants in Israel are mainly explained by acculturation rather than by immigrant generation. Implications for policy makers and mental health professionals working with FSU immigrants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Knaifel
- Institute for Immigration and Social Integration, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Rafael Youngmann
- Clinical Psychology Graduate Program, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Efrat Neter
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
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White J, Ahern E. Self‐efficacy, sympathy, and attributions: Understanding helping intentions towards disclosers of mental health concerns on social media. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica White
- School of Psychology, Glasnevin Campus Dublin City University Dublin Ireland
| | - Elayne Ahern
- School of Psychology, Glasnevin Campus Dublin City University Dublin Ireland
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Doll CM, Michel C, Betz LT, Schimmelmann BG, Schultze-Lutter F. The Important Role of Stereotypes in the relation between Mental Health Literacy and Stigmatization of Depression and Psychosis in the Community. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:474-486. [PMID: 34037914 PMCID: PMC8860791 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased mental health literacy (MHL) has not reduced stigmatization of people with mental disorder. Thus, we examined the role of stereotypes in the interplay of MHL (correct labelling, causal explanations) and the wish for social distance (WSD) from people with depressive and psychotic symptoms in a community sample of 1526 German-speaking participants in the Swiss 'Bern Epidemiological At-Risk' study (age 16-40 years; response rate: 60.1%). Following the presentation of an unlabelled case vignette of depression or psychosis, MHL, stereotypes and WSD were assessed in a questionnaire survey. Their interrelations were studied using structural equation modelling. MHL was not directly linked to WSD, only the psychosocial causal model was directly negatively associated with WSD. Perceived dangerousness particularly increased WSD, this was increased by a biogenetic causal model and decreased by a psychosocial causal model. Awareness-campaigns that, next to biological causes, emphasize psychosocial causes of mental disorders might better reduce stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin M Doll
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Linda T Betz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benno G Schimmelmann
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Mosolov SN, Martynikhin IA, Syunyakov TS, Galankin TL, Neznanov NG. Incidence of the Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders in the Russian Federation: Results of a Web-Based Survey of Psychiatrists. Neurol Ther 2021; 10:971-984. [PMID: 34460079 PMCID: PMC8571473 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-021-00277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction According to the official Russian source, in 2017 only 0.27% of the population of Russia was diagnosed with International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10) F4 category disorders (neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders), despite these disorders being among the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. Here we report the results of a large-scale survey among Russian psychiatrists with the primary objective to assess the proportion of psychiatrists who use the diagnoses of interest (mixed anxiety and depression disorder [MADD], adjustment disorder [AdD], panic disorder [PD], agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], social phobia, simple phobia, acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder) and compare results with those of a recent World Psychiatric Association (WPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) survey. We also compared the incidence of these diagnoses between state and non-state psychiatric services in Russia. Methods Mean proportions and distribution of proportions of participants who made diagnoses of interest at different rates were calculated and compared with the results of the recent WPA and WHO survey. Risk ratios (RR) of the incidence of these diagnoses made at a frequency of at least once a week were calculated to compare state and non-state psychiatric services. The 95% confidence intervals of the RRs were calculated using the Koopman asymptotic score method. Results Responses of 960 Russian psychiatrists were included in the analysis. Of these 95, 89 and 87% reported making diagnoses of MADD, AdD and PD, respectively, during the preceding 12 months, a far larger proportion compared to other disorders of interest. In general, a significantly smaller proportion of participants in our survey made diagnoses of anxiety disorders compared to respondents in the international WPA–WHO survey. Based on RRs, diagnoses of MADD, AdD, PD, GAD and acute stress disorder were less frequently made in the state-operated psychiatric service. Conclusion Our survey revealed a serious underdiagnosis of anxiety disorders in Russia that may be associated with complex factors that include, but are not limited to the current stigma associated with the state-operated psychiatric service, which is still the exclusive source of official statistical data in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Mosolov
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, 3, Poteshnaya ul., 107076, Moscow, Russia. .,Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan A Martynikhin
- The First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Timur S Syunyakov
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia.,Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named After N.A. Alexeev Education Center, Department of Health of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timofey L Galankin
- The First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay G Neznanov
- The First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia.,St. Petersburg V.M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Adu P, Jurcik T, Dmitry G. Mental health literacy in Ghana: Implications for religiosity, education and stigmatization. Transcult Psychiatry 2021; 58:516-531. [PMID: 34165347 DOI: 10.1177/13634615211022177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on Mental Health Literacy (MHL) has been growing internationally. However, the beliefs and knowledge of Ghanaians about specific mental disorders have yet to be explored. This vignette study was conducted to explore the relationships between religiosity, education, stigmatization and MHL among Ghanaians using a sample of laypeople (N = 409). The adapted questionnaire presented two vignettes (depression and schizophrenia) about a hypothetical person. The results revealed that more participants were able to recognize depression (47.4%) than schizophrenia (15.9%). Religiosity was not significantly associated with recognition of mental disorders but was positively associated with both social and personal stigma for depression, and negatively associated with personal and perceived stigma for schizophrenia. Moreover, education was found to be positively associated with disorder recognition, and negatively with perceived stigma. Finally, perceived stigma was positively associated with disorder recognition, whereas personal stigma for schizophrenia related negatively to recognition of mental disorders. In conclusion, education but not religiosity predicted identification accuracy, but both predictors were associated with various forms of stigma. Findings from this study have implications for MHL and anti-stigma campaigns in Ghana and other developing countries in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Adu
- 68192National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tomas Jurcik
- 68192National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigoryev Dmitry
- 68192National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Cook S, Kudryavtsev AV, Bobrova N, Saburova L, Denisova D, Malyutina S, Lewis G, Leon DA. Prevalence of symptoms, ever having received a diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety, and associations with health service use amongst the general population in two Russian cities. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:537. [PMID: 33183249 PMCID: PMC7663865 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the burden of common mental disorders in Russia despite high levels of suicide and alcohol-related mortality. Here we investigated levels of symptoms, self-reports of ever having received a diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression in two Russian cities. METHODS The study population was men and women aged 35-69 years old participating in cross-sectional population-based studies in the cities of Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk (2015-18). Participants completed an interview which included the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales, questions on whether participants had ever received a diagnosis of depression or anxiety, and health service use in the past year. Participants also reported current medication use and medications were coded in line with the WHO anatomical therapeutic classification (ATC). Depression was defined as PHQ-9 ≥ 10 and Anxiety as GAD-7 ≥ 10. RESULTS Age-standardised prevalence of PHQ-9 ≥ 10 was 10.7% in women and 5.4% in men (GAD-7 ≥ 10 6.2% in women; 3.0% in men). Among those with PHQ-9 ≥ 10 17% reported ever having been diagnosed with depression (equivalent finding for anxiety 29%). Only 1.5% of those with PHQ-9 ≥ 10 reported using anti-depressants and 0.6% of those with GAD-7 ≥ 10 reported using anxiolytics. No men with PHQ-9 ≥ 10 and/or GAD-7 ≥ 10 reported use of anti-depressants or anxiolytics. Use of health services increased with increasing severity of both depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION There was a large gap between symptoms and reporting of past diagnosis and treatment of common mental disorders in two Russian cities. Interventions aimed at improving mental health literacy and reducing stigma could be of benefit in closing this substantial treatment gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cook
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Alexander V. Kudryavtsev
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway ,grid.412254.40000 0001 0339 7822Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Bobrova
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lyudmila Saburova
- grid.426536.00000 0004 1760 306XInstitute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Diana Denisova
- grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation ,grid.445341.30000 0004 0467 3915Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Glyn Lewis
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A. Leon
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway ,grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK ,grid.410682.90000 0004 0578 2005International Laboratory for Population and Health, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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