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Liu F, Shen C, Jiang X, You F, Yao C, Shangguan Y. Enhancing the mechanical properties and foaming performance of polypropylene through melt grafting reaction by using trimethylolpropane triacrylate. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sandino C, Peuvrel-Disdier E, Agassant JF, Laure P, Boyer SAE, Hibert G, Trolez Y. Extrusion foaming of linear and branched polypropylenes – input of the thermomechanical analysis of pressure drop in the die. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper aims at a better understanding of the polypropylene (PP) physical extrusion foaming process with the objective of obtaining the lowest possible foam density. Two branched PPs were compared to the corresponding linear ones. Their shear and elongation viscosities were measured as well as their crystalline properties. Trials were conducted in a single screw extruder equipped with a gear pump and a static mixer cooler to adjust the melt temperature at the final die. The effect of decreasing this temperature on the PP foamability and on the pressure drop in the die was analyzed. The foam density of branched PPs varies from high to low values while decreasing the foaming temperature. In the same processing conditions, the foam density of linear PPs does not decrease so much, as already evidenced in the literature. The foamability transition coincides with an increase of the pressure drop in the die. The originality of the work lies in the thermomechanical analysis of the polymer flow in the die which allows the identification of the relevant physical phenomena for a good foamability. The comparison of the experimental pressure drops in the die and the computed ones with the identified purely viscous behavior points out the influence of the foaming temperature and of the PP structure. At high foaming temperature the discrepancy between experimental measurements and the computed pressure drops remains limited. It increases when decreasing the foaming temperature, but the mismatch is much more important for branched PPs than for linear ones. This difference is analyzed as a combination of the activation energy of the viscosity, the elongational viscosity in the convergent geometry of the die which is much more important for branched PPs than for linear ones, and the onset of crystallization which occurs at higher temperature for branched PPs than for linear PPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sandino
- Mines Paris, PSL University , Centre de mise en forme des matériaux (CEMEF), CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis cedex , France
| | - Edith Peuvrel-Disdier
- Mines Paris, PSL University , Centre de mise en forme des matériaux (CEMEF), CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis cedex , France
| | - Jean-François Agassant
- Mines Paris, PSL University , Centre de mise en forme des matériaux (CEMEF), CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis cedex , France
| | - Patrice Laure
- Mines Paris, PSL University , Centre de mise en forme des matériaux (CEMEF), CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis cedex , France
- Laboratoire J.-A. Dieudonné, CNRS UMR 6621 , Université Côte d’Azur , Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 02 , France
| | - Séverine A. E. Boyer
- Mines Paris, PSL University , Centre de mise en forme des matériaux (CEMEF), CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis cedex , France
| | - Geoffrey Hibert
- TotalEnergies One Tech Belgium , Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B 7181 Feluy , Belgium
| | - Yves Trolez
- TotalEnergies One Tech Belgium , Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B 7181 Feluy , Belgium
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Lee YH, Lee CW, Chou CH, Lin CH, Chen YH, Chen CW, Way TF, Rwei SP. Sustainable polyamide elastomers from a bio-based dimer diamine for fabricating highly expanded and facilely recyclable microcellular foams via supercritical CO2 foaming. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Kumar A, Patham B, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Polyolefinic nanocomposite foams: Review of microstructure-property relationships, applications, and processing considerations. J CELL PLAST 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x20979752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we survey the state of the art on polymeric foams incorporating nano-scale fillers. Particular focus of the review is on foams from polyolefinic nanocomposite formulations incorporating a wide variety of fillers. The nano-scale additives can influence the foam structure and properties in two ways: Firstly, they can act as composite reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties and functionality of the matrix polymer; and secondly, they can act as foaming-processing aids through modification of the rheological, thermal and crystallization properties of the matrix as well as serving as heterogeneous nucleation sites. Through a combination of these influences, and using advanced processing techniques it is possible to achieve nanocomposite foams that have higher cell density, and more uniform cell size or controlled cell-size distribution. Such controlled foam morphologies, in turn, can yield better specific mechanical properties resulting in more effective light-weighting solutions. Further, the nano-scale additives can impart additional desired functionality resulting in multi-functional foams. In this article, we provide an overview of the mechanical, thermal and a few other relevant functional properties – such as piezoelectric sensitivity, acoustics, and filtration efficiency – of foams prepared using nanocomposite formulations, along with the processing considerations for achieving high quality foams using such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kumar
- Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, India
| | - Bhaskar Patham
- SABIC Technology Centre, Global Application Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, LARPM-CIPET, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Nayak
- Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, India
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Haurat M, Dumon M. Amorphous Polymers' Foaming and Blends with Organic Foaming-Aid Structured Additives in Supercritical CO 2, a Way to Fabricate Porous Polymers from Macro to Nano Porosities in Batch or Continuous Processes. Molecules 2020; 25:E5320. [PMID: 33202668 PMCID: PMC7696767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic polymers can be made porous via continuous or discontinuous expansion processes in scCO2. The resulting foams properties are controlled by the interplay of three groups of parameters: (i) Chemical, (ii) physico-chemical, and (iii) technological/process that are explained in this paper. The advantages and drawbacks of continuous (extrusion, injection foaming) or discontinuous (batch foaming) foaming processes in scCO2, will be discussed in this article; especially for micro or nano cellular polymers. Indeed, a challenge is to reduce both specific mass (e.g., ρ < 100 kg·m-3) and cell size (e.g., average pore diameter ϕaveragepores < 100 nm). Then a particular system where small "objects" (coreshells CS, block copolymer MAM) are perfectly dispersed at a micrometric to nanometric scale in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) will be presented. Such "additives", considered as foaming aids, are aimed at "regulating" the foaming and lowering the pore size and/or density of PMMA based foams. Differences between these additives will be shown. Finally, in a PMMA/20 wt% MAM blend, via a quasi one-step batch foaming, a "porous to nonporous" transition is observed in thick samples. A lower limit of pore size (around 50 nm) seems to arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Haurat
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Bordeaux INP/ENSCBP, University Bordeaux, CNRS, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, CEDEX, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Michel Dumon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Bordeaux INP/ENSCBP, University Bordeaux, CNRS, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, CEDEX, F-33607 Pessac, France
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Kumar A, Patham B, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Polypropylene–nano‐silica nanocomposite foams: mechanisms underlying foamability, and foam microstructure, crystallinity and mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kumar
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Chennai India
| | | | - Smita Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM‐CIPET) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Nayak
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Chennai India
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Auclerc M, Sahyoun J, Tauleigne A, Da Cruz-Boisson F, Vanhille Bergeron A, Garois N, Cassagnau P, Bounor-Legaré V. Development of Copolyamide-66/6 Cross-Linked Foams by a One-Step Reactive Extrusion Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Auclerc
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jihane Sahyoun
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adrien Tauleigne
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fernande Da Cruz-Boisson
- Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 17 Av Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Nicolas Garois
- Hutchinson, Centre de Recherche, Rue Gustave Nourry - B.P. 31, 45120 Chalette-sur-Loing, France
| | - Philippe Cassagnau
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Véronique Bounor-Legaré
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Kim DY, Kim GH, Lee DY, Seo KH. Effects of compatibility on foaming behavior of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blends prepared using a chemical blowing agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hong Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Ho Seo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
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Joh SW, Lee SH, Youn JR. Rheological behavior of polydispersed bubble suspensions in shear flows. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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