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de Albuquerque TL, Marques Júnior JE, de Queiroz LP, Ricardo ADS, Rocha MVP. Polylactic acid production from biotechnological routes: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:933-951. [PMID: 34273343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) has been highlighted as an important polymer due to its high potential for applicability in various areas, such as in the chemical, medical, pharmaceutical or biotechnology field. Very recently, studies have reported its use as a basic component for the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) required for the prevention of Sars-Cov-2 contamination, responsible for the cause of coronavirus disease, which is currently a major worldwide sanitary and social problem. PLA is considered a non-toxic, biodegradable and compostable plastic with interesting characteristics from the industrial point of view, and it emerges as a promising product under the concept of "green plastic", since most of the polymers produced currently are petroleum-based, a non-renewable raw material. Biotechnology routes have been mentioned as potential methodologies for the production of this polymer, especially by enzymatic routes, in particular by use of lipases enzymes. The availability of pure lactic acid isomers is a fundamental aspect of the manufacture of PLA with more interesting mechanical and thermal properties. Due to the technological importance that PLA-based polymers are acquiring, as well as their characteristics and applicability in several fields, especially medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnology, this review article sought to gather very recent information regarding the development of research in this area. The main highlight of this study is that it was carried out from a biotechnological point of view, aiming at a totally green bioplastic production, since the obtaining of lactic acid, which will be used as raw material for the PLA synthesis, until the degradation of the polymer obtained by biological routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lima de Albuquerque
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Departament of Chemical Engineering, Bloco 709, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Edvan Marques Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Departament of Chemical Engineering, Bloco 709, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lívia Pinheiro de Queiroz
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Departament of Chemical Engineering, Bloco 709, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson Diógenes Souza Ricardo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Departament of Chemical Engineering, Bloco 709, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Departament of Chemical Engineering, Bloco 709, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Fernandes Nassar S, Delpouve N, Sollogoub C, Guinault A, Stoclet G, Régnier G, Domenek S. Impact of Nanoconfinement on Polylactide Crystallization and Gas Barrier Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9953-9965. [PMID: 32011861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The barrier properties of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) were investigated in multinanolayer systems, probing the effect of confinement, the compatibility between the confining and the confined polymer, crystal orientation, and amorphous phase properties. The multilayer coextrusion process was used to confine PLLA between two amorphous polymers (polystyrene, PS; and polycarbonate, PC), which have different chemical affinities with PLLA. Confined PLLA layers of approximately 20 nm thickness were obtained. The multinanolayer materials were annealed at different temperatures to obtain PLLA crystallites with distinct polymorphs. PLLA annealed in PC/PLLA films at 120 °C afforded a crystallinity degree up to 65%, and PLLA annealed in PC/PLLA or PS/PLLA films at 85 °C had a crystallinity degree of 45%. WAXS measurements evidenced that the PLLA lamellas between PS layers had a mixed in-plane and on-edge orientation. PLLA lamellas between PC layers were uniquely oriented in-plane. DMA results evidenced a shift of the PC glass transition toward lower temperature, suggesting the possible presence of an interphase. The development of the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in the amorphous phase during annealing was impacted by the confiner polymer. The RAF content of semicrystalline PLLA was about 15% in PC/PLLA, whereas it was neglectable in PS/PLLA. The oxygen barrier properties appeared to be governed by RAF content, and no impact of the PLLA polymorph or the crystalline orientation was observed. This study shows that the confinement of PLLA on itself does not impact barrier properties but that the proper choice of the confiner polymer can lead to decrease the phase coupling which creates the RAF. It is the prevention of RAF that decreases permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Normandie Univ , UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Cyrille Sollogoub
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS , CNAM, Hesam Université , 151, Boulevard de l'Hôpital , F-75013 Paris Cedex , France
| | - Alain Guinault
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS , CNAM, Hesam Université , 151, Boulevard de l'Hôpital , F-75013 Paris Cedex , France
| | - Gregory Stoclet
- Univ Lille , CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Gilles Régnier
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS , CNAM, Hesam Université , 151, Boulevard de l'Hôpital , F-75013 Paris Cedex , France
| | - Sandra Domenek
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech , INRAE, UMR 0782 SayFood , 91300 Massy , France
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Forghani E, Azizi H, Karabi M, Ghasemi I. Compatibility, morphology and mechanical properties of polylactic acid/polyolefin elastomer foams. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x16681450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, different blends based on polylactic acid (PLA)/polyolefin elastomer (POE) and compatibilized PLA/POE was prepared by melt mixing. The compatibilizer glycidyl methacrylate-grafted-polyolefin elastomer (POE-g-GMA) was synthesized in a separate process. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirmed the reaction of POE and glycidyl methacrylate. Meanwhile, the morphology of dispersed phase was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the compatibilizer has improved the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between PLA and POE phase. The rheological test results revealed that the introduction of compatibilizer could enhance the storage modulus and melt complex viscosity of PLA/POE blends. The foamability was studied in the presence of azodicarbonamide as a chemical blowing agent in the batch foaming process. Morphology of foams such as porous cell size, porous cell population density, and foam density were studied. It was found that the presence of POE in PLA foams has a great influence on their mechanical properties and the toughness. Addition of POE-g-GMA in samples increased elastic modulus of foams and decreased their strain at break.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Forghani
- Department of Plastic Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Azizi
- Department of Plastic Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Karabi
- Department of Elastomer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - I Ghasemi
- Department of Plastic Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Li S, He T, Liao X, Yang Q, Li G. Structural changes and crystallization kinetics of polylactide under CO2investigated using high-pressure Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Ting He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
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