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Ebrar Sakalli A, Arikan S. The relationship of Value dimensions in Turk Society with fatalistic tendencies, safety motivation, risk perception and safety performance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30384. [PMID: 38711627 PMCID: PMC11070871 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of people in occupational accidents is very difficult. It is always assumed that people perform the behaviour that feels right to them. This study's main topic is the relationship between values, which form the basis of human behaviour, and safety motivation, fatalistic tendencies, risk perception and safety behaviour. In this context, for the aim of the study, path analysis and partial correlation analysis were used to examine the relationship between variables, and tests were used to examine the relationship between demographic variables with 701 participants from NUTS-12 region of Turkey. According to the findings of the research, it was determined that most of the 19 value dimensions and the top values of self-protection and growth and the top value dimensions of conservation, self-enhancement, self-transcendence and openness to change affect fatalism tendencies, risk perception, safety motivation(SM) and safety performance(SP). While self-protection, conservation and self-enhancement top values have a negative effect on SP, openness to change, self-transcendence and growth top values have a positive effect on SP. Taking into consideration that individuals will exhibit behaviours based on the value dimensions they attach importance to, OHS trainings should be developed in accordance with the value dimensions given importance according to NUTS-12 regions. Furthermore, legal support should be provided to eliminate and reduce the negative aspects of value dimensions for OHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ebrar Sakalli
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Istanbul Aydın University, İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Selma Arikan
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkiye
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Examining the Relationship between Mindfulness, Personality, and National Culture for Construction Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094998. [PMID: 34066891 PMCID: PMC8125938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The construction industry still leads the world as one of the sectors with the most work-related injuries and worker fatalities. Considering that one of the barriers to improving construction safety is its stressful working environment, which increases risk of inattentiveness among construction workers, safety managers seek practices to measure and enhance worker focus and reduce stress, such as mindfulness. Considering the important role of mindfulness in curbing frequency and severity of incidents, researchers are interested in understanding the relationship between mindfulness and other common, more static human characteristics. As a result, this study examines the relationship between mindfulness and such variables as personality and national culture in the context of construction safety. Collecting data from 155 participants, this study used elastic net regression to examine the influence of independent (i.e., personality and national culture) variables on the dependent (i.e., mindfulness) variable. To validate the results of the regression, 10-fold cross-validation was conducted. The results reveal that certain personality traits (e.g., conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness) and national cultural dimensions (e.g., uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and collectivism) can be used as predictors of mindfulness for individuals. Since mindfulness has shown to increase safety and work performance, safety managers can utilize these variables to identify at-risk workers so that additional safety training can be provided to enhance work performance and improve safety outcomes. The results of this study will inform future work into translating personal and mindfulness characteristics into factors that predict specific elements of unsafe human behaviors.
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to advance and test a new construct, harmony voice. Furthermore, according to the social influence theory, the relationship between zhongyong, an essential Confucian orientation mode and voice behavior, and the moderating role of coworker’s regulatory focus (promotion focus and prevention focus) has been examined.
Design/methodology/approach
A field study has been designed to test our hypotheses. We used samples of 291 employee–coworker dyads from a variety of organizations in China to test this study’s hypotheses.
Findings
The results of this empirical study show that zhongyong is positively related to harmony voice. Coworkers’ promotion focus strengthens the positive effect of zhongyong on harmony voice, and coworkers’ prevention focus weakens the positive effect of zhongyong on harmony voice.
Research limitations/implications
Traditionally defined voice and harmony voice might cause different risks to the voicer. However, how and what kinds of risks may be differently caused by these two types of voice behaviors have not been examined in this study. Future empirical research can explore the different effects of traditionally defined voice and harmony voice.
Practical implications
Managers responsible for managing Chinese employees should notice the difference in some important ways of thinking between Easterners and Westerners. Specifically, zhongyong may direct people to express issues related to work in ways that are different from those of their Western counterparts. Harmony voice can benefit the Chinese organization without disrupting organizational development.
Social implications
By examining the relationship between zhongyong and harmony voice, we contribute to identifying antecedents of voice by using an emic research perspective.
Originality/value
We made significant theoretical contributions to voice literature. We developed the construct of harmony voice, and we examined the relationship between zhongyong and voice.
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Abstract
The paper considers the effects of cultural differences on software development of international information systems, particularly human factor issues and user involvement. A questionnaire-based instrument was used to investigate the cultural differences in a group of trainee software designers and especially to consider how the concept of locus of control relates to software design. It was concluded that internal/external locus of control could be related to cultural differences that affect responses to user centered design and team work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Dunckley
- Department of Computing, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Andy Smith
- University of Luton, Park Square, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 3JU, UK
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Abstract
The relationship between burnout and workplace deviance, identified as a component of job performance, was examined. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory which has three dimensions, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Reduced Personal Accomplishment. Workplace deviance was defined as voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and threatens the well-being of an organization, its members, or both. This was assessed with the Workplace Deviance Scale, measuring the extent to which the participants had engaged in workplace deviant behavior such as taking property from work without permission, making fun of someone at work, or cursing at someone at work. Anonymous questionnaires with stamped envelopes were distributed to a sample of 1,470 Taiwanese flight attendants at the Arrival Hall of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. A response rate of 22.45% was obtained. After cases with missing data ( n = 27) had been eliminated, the sample totaled 303, 17 men and 286 women. The average age was 28.7 yr. ( SD = 4.6). Results of hierarchical regression showed that Depersonalization scores were significantly predictive of Workplace Deviance scores but not Emotional Exhaustion and Reduced Personal Accomplishment scores. Possible reasons and implications of these findings were discussed.
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Job Formalization and Cultural Individualism as Barriers to Trust in Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1470595806066331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify some structural and cultural barriers to employees' trust in management. Multilevel analyses of data from 160,577 employees in 46 countries suggested that job formalization is negatively associated with trust in management, especially in individualistic countries, and that this relationship is mediated by less open employee–management communication. By contrast, in collectivistic countries no strong link was found between job formalization and both trust and open communication.
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Schaffer BS, Riordan CM. A Review of Cross-Cultural Methodologies for Organizational Research: A Best- Practices Approach. ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1094428103251542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cross-cultural studies that use self-report instruments can present researchers with a variety of challenges. This article reviews the organizational research literature between the years of 1995 and 2001 to identify common practices prevalent in this type of research. Key methodological issues are examined within the context of a three-stage framework: (a) the development of the research question, (b) the alignment of the research contexts, and (c) the validation of the research instruments. This examination serves as a basis for the identification of best-practice recommendations for cross-cultural researchers.
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Reader TW, Noort MC, Shorrock S, Kirwan B. Safety sans Frontières: An International Safety Culture Model. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2015; 35:770-789. [PMID: 25683474 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The management of safety culture in international and culturally diverse organizations is a concern for many high-risk industries. Yet, research has primarily developed models of safety culture within Western countries, and there is a need to extend investigations of safety culture to global environments. We examined (i) whether safety culture can be reliably measured within a single industry operating across different cultural environments, and (ii) if there is an association between safety culture and national culture. The psychometric properties of a safety culture model developed for the air traffic management (ATM) industry were examined in 17 European countries from four culturally distinct regions of Europe (North, East, South, West). Participants were ATM operational staff (n = 5,176) and management staff (n = 1,230). Through employing multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, good psychometric properties of the model were established. This demonstrates, for the first time, that when safety culture models are tailored to a specific industry, they can operate consistently across national boundaries and occupational groups. Additionally, safety culture scores at both regional and national levels were associated with country-level data on Hofstede's five national culture dimensions (collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation). MANOVAs indicated safety culture to be most positive in Northern Europe, less so in Western and Eastern Europe, and least positive in Southern Europe. This indicates that national cultural traits may influence the development of organizational safety culture, with significant implications for safety culture theory and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom W Reader
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Mark C Noort
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Steven Shorrock
- EUROCONTROL, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- School of Aviation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Strauch B. Can cultural differences lead to accidents? Team cultural differences and sociotechnical system operations. HUMAN FACTORS 2010; 52:246-263. [PMID: 20942254 DOI: 10.1177/0018720810362238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE I discuss cultural factors and how they may influence sociotechnical system operations. BACKGROUND Investigations of several major transportation accidents suggest that cultural factors may have played a role in the causes of the accidents. However, research has not fully addressed how cultural factors can influence sociotechnical systems. METHOD I review literature on cultural differences in general and cultural factors in sociotechnical systems and discuss how these differences can affect team performance in sociotechnical systems. RESULTS Cultural differences have been observed in social and interpersonal dimensions and in cognitive and perceptual styles; these differences can affect multioperator team performance. CONCLUSION Cultural factors may account for team errors in sociotechnical systems, most likely during high-workload, high-stress operational phases. However, much of the research on cultural factors has methodological and interpretive shortcomings that limit their applicability to sociotechnical systems. APPLICATION Although some research has been conducted on the role of cultural differences on team performance in sociotechnical system operations, considerable work remains to be done before the effects of these differences can be fully understood. I propose a model that illustrates how culture can interact with sociotechnical system operations and suggest avenues of future research. Given methodological challenges in measuring cultural differences and team performance in sociotechnical system operations, research in these systems should use a variety of methodologies to better understand how culture can affect multioperator team performance in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Strauch
- National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC 20594, USA.
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Deschepper R, Grigoryan L, Lundborg CS, Hofstede G, Cohen J, Kelen GVD, Deliens L, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM. Are cultural dimensions relevant for explaining cross-national differences in antibiotic use in Europe? BMC Health Serv Res 2008; 8:123. [PMID: 18538009 PMCID: PMC2430199 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-8-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotics are widely-used medicines for which a more prudent use has been advocated to minimize development of resistance. There are considerable cross-national differences that can only partially be explained by epidemiological difference and variations in health care structure. The aim of this study was to explore whether cross-national differences in use of antibiotics (prescribed and non-prescribed) are associated with differences between national cultures as described in Hofstede's model of cultural dimensions (Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance and Long-Term Orientation). Methods Country-level data of prescribed antibiotic use and self-medication with antibiotics were correlated to country-specific scores of cultural dimensions obtained from Hofstede. Data on use of antibiotics were provided by three European studies, based on different methods and/or countries: Self-medication with Antibiotics and Resistance in Europe (SAR), based on a survey in 2003 on reported use of antibiotics in 19 countries, the European Surveillance on Antimicrobial Consumption, based on distribution and reimbursement of antibiotics in ambulatory care (1997–2002), and the 2002 interview-based Eurobarometer study, asking whether respondents had taken antibiotics in the previous 12 months. These studies provided data on antibiotics use for 27 European countries in total, for which scores of cultural dimensions were also available. The SAR-study differentiated between prescribed antibiotics and self-medication with antibiotics. Results Significant positive correlations were found for Power Distance Index with use of prescribed antibiotics in the three studies (rho between 0.59 and 0.62) and with self-medication (rho = 0.54) in the SAR study. Positive significant correlations were found for the Uncertainty Avoidance Index with the use of antibiotics as reported in two studies (rho between 0.57 and 0.59; for the SAR study the correlations were insignificant). Masculinity was not significantly correlated, except in one study after controlling for GDP (r = 0.81). For Individualism and Long-Term Orientation no significant correlations were found. Conclusion Power Distance is a cultural aspect associated with antibiotic use, suggesting that the culture-specific way people deal with authority is an important factor in explaining cross-national differences in antibiotic use. There are indications that Uncertainty Avoidance also plays a role but further research is needed to better understand the complex effect of cultural dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Deschepper
- Department of Medical Sociology and Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Behavioral finance in corporate governance: economics and ethics of the devil’s advocate. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & GOVERNANCE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10997-008-9059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Håvold JI. Safety-culture in a Norwegian shipping company. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2005; 36:441-58. [PMID: 16310804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Although there has been considerable interest in safety culture and safety climate in many industries, little attention has been given to safety culture in one of the world's riskiest industries, shipping. METHOD Using both self developed items and items from published research on safety culture, safety climate, and quality and management style, a 40-item safety culture questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was distributed in a self-administered form to sailors onboard 20 vessels and to officers attending a seminar in Manila. A total of 349 questionnaires were collected (total response rate, 60%). RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 11 factors when the Kaiser eigenvalue rule was used and four factors when the scree test criterion was used. The factor structure in the material confirmed structures found in other industries. The relative importance of the factors from the factor analysis on "level of safety" measures was tested by canonical correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results confirmed previous research and showed that the most important factors were influential across industries. To determine weather differences existed between nationalities, occupations, and vessels the factors from the PCA was subjected to Multiple Discriminant Analysis. Significant differences between occupations, nations, and vessels were found on one or more of the factors from the PCA.
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Davis DD, Bryant JL. INFLUENCE AT A DISTANCE: LEADERSHIP IN GLOBAL VIRTUAL TEAMS. ADVANCES IN GLOBAL LEADERSHIP 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1535-1203(02)03015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tan W, Chong E. Power distance in Singapore construction organizations: implications for project managers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0263-7863(02)00062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate cultural changes in a Norwegian airline company over a time span of 10 years. A questionnaire including parameters characterizing culture was administered to air crews in 1986 (n = 137) and in 1996 (n = 50). The performance part of a simulator study in 1996 indicated a significant reduction in operational failures compared with the 1986 study. The data further demonstrated significant changes in cultural variables, such as reduced Dominance and Masculinity, and improved Social climate and Communication. The direction of change in scores on the cultural variables corresponded with the principles on which the remedial actions were based.
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Sherman PJ, Helmreich RL, Merritt AC. National culture and flight deck automation: results of a multination survey. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY 2001; 7:311-29. [PMID: 11540966 DOI: 10.1207/s15327108ijap0704_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Attitudes regarding flight deck automation were surveyed in a sample of 5,879 airline pilots from 12 nations. The average difference in endorsement levels across 11 items for pilots flying automated aircraft in 12 nations was 53%, reflecting significant national differences in attitudes on all items, with the largest differences observed for preference and enthusiasm for automation. The range of agreement across nations was on average four times larger than the range of agreement across different airlines within the same nation, and roughly six times larger than the range across pilots of standard and pilots of automated aircraft. Patterns of response are described in terms of dimensions of national culture. Implications of the results for development of safety cultures and culturally sensitive training are discussed.
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Abstract
Survey data collected from 9,400 male commercial airline pilots in 19 countries were used in a replication study of Hofstede's indexes of national culture. The analysis that removed the constraint of item equivalence proved superior, both conceptually and empirically, to the analysis using Hofstede's items and formulae as prescribed, and rendered significant replication correlations for all indexes (Individualism-Collectivism .96, Power Distance .87, Masculinity-Femininity .75, and Uncertainty Avoidance .68). The successful replication confirms that national culture exerts an influence on cockpit behavior over and above the professional culture of pilots, and that "one size fits all" training is inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Merritt
- Aerospace Crew Research Project, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
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