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Byers MR, Calkins DF. Trigeminal sensory nerve patterns in dentine and their responses to attrition in rat molars. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105197. [PMID: 34146928 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to define trigeminal nerve ending quantities and patterns in rat molar dentine, their responses to attrition (tooth wear), and their associated odontoblasts and connections with pulpal plexuses. DESIGN Trigeminal ganglia were labeled for axonal transport of 3H-proteins to dentinal nerve endings in male rats (3-13 months old). Autoradiography detected radio-labeled dentinal tubules as indicators of nerve ending locations. Quantitative morphometry was done (ANOVA, t-tests), and littermates were compared for attrition and innervation. RESULTS There were six dentinal patterns, only two of which had an associated neural plexus of Raschkow and cell-free zone (Den-1, Den-2). Other nerves entered dentin from bush-like endings near elongated odontoblasts (Den-B), as single fibers (Den-X), as networks in predentine (PdN), or as single fibers in tertiary dentine at cusp tips (Den-S). There were at least 186,600 innervated dentinal tubules within the set of three right maxillary molars of the best-labeled rat, and similar densities were found in other rats. Attrition levels differed among cusps and in littermates (t-test p < 0.02-0.0001), but the matched right/left cusps per rat were similar. Innervations of tertiary and enamel-free dentine (Den-S, Den-X) were preserved in all rats. Den-B and Den-2 coronal patterns were unchanged unless displaced by dentinogenesis. Den-1 losses occurred in older cusps, while Den-2 patterns increased near cervical and intercuspal odontoblasts. CONCLUSIONS The extensive molar dentinal innervation had unique distributions per rat per cusp that depended on region (buccal, middle, palatal) and attrition, but only two of six patterns connected to a plexus of Raschkow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Byers
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-6540, USA.
| | - Dianne F Calkins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-6540, USA
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2
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Bernal L, Sotelo-Hitschfeld P, König C, Sinica V, Wyatt A, Winter Z, Hein A, Touska F, Reinhardt S, Tragl A, Kusuda R, Wartenberg P, Sclaroff A, Pfeifer JD, Ectors F, Dahl A, Freichel M, Vlachova V, Brauchi S, Roza C, Boehm U, Clapham DE, Lennerz JK, Zimmermann K. Odontoblast TRPC5 channels signal cold pain in teeth. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/13/eabf5567. [PMID: 33771873 PMCID: PMC7997515 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Teeth are composed of many tissues, covered by an inflexible and obdurate enamel. Unlike most other tissues, teeth become extremely cold sensitive when inflamed. The mechanisms of this cold sensation are not understood. Here, we clarify the molecular and cellular components of the dental cold sensing system and show that sensory transduction of cold stimuli in teeth requires odontoblasts. TRPC5 is a cold sensor in healthy teeth and, with TRPA1, is sufficient for cold sensing. The odontoblast appears as the direct site of TRPC5 cold transduction and provides a mechanism for prolonged cold sensing via TRPC5's relative sensitivity to intracellular calcium and lack of desensitization. Our data provide concrete functional evidence that equipping odontoblasts with the cold-sensor TRPC5 expands traditional odontoblast functions and renders it a previously unknown integral cellular component of the dental cold sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bernal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pamela Sotelo-Hitschfeld
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christine König
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktor Sinica
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Winter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- HHMI, Cardiovascular Division, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filip Touska
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Susanne Reinhardt
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aaron Tragl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ricardo Kusuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Allen Sclaroff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John D Pfeifer
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabien Ectors
- FARAH Mammalian Transgenics Platform, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktorie Vlachova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Brauchi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Roza
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - David E Clapham
- HHMI, Cardiovascular Division, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Katharina Zimmermann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Pulpal upregulation of connexin 43 during pulpitis. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1327-1335. [PMID: 32623525 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Connexins are building blocks of membranous channels that form gap junctions and hemichannels. These channels are essential portals for information exchange and coordination during inflammation. Pathologic levels of these conduits may result in excessive inflammation and collateral destruction. This study aimed to analyse temporospatial levels of connexin 43 (Cx43) during pulpitis in extracted human teeth and in a rodent model. A specific interest was directed at the pulpal stroma as it is conserved during vital pulp therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pulpal tissues were attained from human extracted teeth of various pulpal inflammatory stages and fixed for cryosections. Pulpal exposures were created in bilateral maxillary molars in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were sacrificed at days 1 to 5 post-exposure. Immunofluorescence histology was performed to detect Cx43, markers for inflammation, and cell death. Immunofluorescent levels in the pulpal stroma at 3 sites (wound/near/far) were matched to pulpal condition (human) or days post-exposure (rodent). RESULTS Cx43 upregulation was observed with increased severity of pulpitis both in humans and rodent model. The upregulation appeared to be global and included distant regions. Elevated levels of neutrophils were present in advanced pulpitis. Apoptosis and necroptosis seem to be upregulated in human samples as Cx43 levels rose. CONCLUSIONS We observed a disseminated upregulation of Cx43 throughout the pulpal stroma as inflammation became advanced. This observation may facilitate cell death signal transfer or represent overt levels of purinergic signalling that leads to pro-inflammatory conditions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cx43 downregulation may represent a potential therapeutic approach to enable resolution of pulpal inflammation.
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Tazawa K, Ikeda H, Kawashima N, Okiji T. Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 8 is expressed in freshly isolated native human odontoblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 75:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Mahdee A, Alhelal A, Eastham J, Whitworth J, Gillespie J. Complex cellular responses to tooth wear in rodent molar. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 61:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sato M, Furuya T, Kimura M, Kojima Y, Tazaki M, Sato T, Shibukawa Y. Intercellular Odontoblast Communication via ATP Mediated by Pannexin-1 Channel and Phospholipase C-coupled Receptor Activation. Front Physiol 2015; 6:326. [PMID: 26617529 PMCID: PMC4639624 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP released via pannexin-1 channels, in response to the activation of mechanosensitive-TRP channels during odontoblast mechanical stimulation, mediates intercellular communication among odontoblasts in dental pulp slice preparation dissected from rat incisor. Recently, odontoblast cell lines, such as mouse odontoblast lineage cells, have been widely used to investigate physiological/pathological cellular functions. To clarify whether the odontoblast cell lines also communicate with each other by diffusible chemical substance(s), we investigated the chemical intercellular communication among cells from mouse odontoblast cell lines following mechanical stimulation. A single cell was stimulated using a glass pipette filled with standard extracellular solution. We measured intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) by fura-2 in stimulated cells, as well as in cells located nearby. Direct mechanical stimulation to a single odontoblast increased [Ca(2+)]i, which showed sensitivity to capsazepine. In addition, we observed increases in [Ca(2+)]i not only in the mechanically stimulated odontoblast, but also in nearby odontoblasts. We could observe mechanical stimulation-induced increase in [Ca(2+)]i in a stimulated human embryo kidney (HEK) 293 cell, but not in nearby HEK293 cells. The increase in [Ca(2+)]i in nearby odontoblasts, but not in the stimulated odontoblast, was inhibited by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release channel (pannexin-1) inhibitor in a concentration- and spatial-dependent manner. Moreover, in the presence of phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, the increase in [Ca(2+)]i in nearby odontoblasts, following mechanical stimulation of a single odontoblast, was abolished. We could record some inward currents evoked from odontoblasts near the stimulated odontoblast, but the currents were observed in only 4.8% of the recorded odontoblasts. The results of this study showed that ATP is released via pannexin-1, from a mechanically stimulated odontoblast, which transmits a signal to nearby odontoblasts by predominant activation of PLC-coupled nucleotide receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sato
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Furuya
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kojima
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toru Sato
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College Tokyo, Japan
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Gu J, Ikeda H, Suda H. Sympathetic Regulation of Tertiary Dentinogenesis via Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor on Rat Odontoblasts. J Endod 2015; 41:1056-60. [PMID: 25702857 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beta-2 adrenergic receptor has been found within the osteoblast membrane meditating bone remodeling. Propranolol is a sympatholytic beta antagonist commonly used as long-term medication for the management of many common diseases such as hypertension. This study was performed to verify the presence of this receptor on odontoblasts in rats and, if present, to investigate its possible association with tertiary dentinogenesis. METHODS Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats (9 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 4 groups: CP0.8 group, cavity preparation + propranolol treatment (0.8 mg/day, n = 5); CP4 group, cavity preparation + propranolol treatment (4.0 mg/day, n = 7); CON group, cavity preparation + saline treatment (0.2 mL/day, n = 5); and NT group, no treatment (n = 3). Cavity preparation was performed on the mesial aspect of the maxillary first molars bilaterally. After 2 weeks, the tertiary dentinogenesis (CP0.8, CP4, and CON) was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the localization of beta-2 adrenergic receptor (NT) was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The beta-2 adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity was observed in the odontoblastic layer in normal rat molar dental pulp. The tertiary dentinogenesis beneath the prepared cavity was significantly higher in the rats receiving 2-week systemic administration of propranolol than in those without the propranolol treatment. The higher-dose treatment of propranolol (P < .001) presented more effective up-regulation of tertiary dentinogenesis than the lower-dose treatment (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the sympathetic nervous system decreases tertiary dentin formation via beta-2 adrenergic receptors located on rat odontoblasts. It suggests that adrenergic beta antagonist is expected to use in the treatment of inducing tertiary dentin formation to protect dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ikeda
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Suda
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Hirata A, Dimitrova-Nakov S, Djole SX, Ardila H, Baudry A, Kellermann O, Simon S, Goldberg M. Plithotaxis, a collective cell migration, regulates the sliding of proliferating pulp cells located in the apical niche. Connect Tissue Res 2014; 55 Suppl 1:68-72. [PMID: 25158184 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2014.923855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining, we previously identified, after pulp exposure, three zones of proliferating cells in the rat molar pulp. Zones I and II were in the crown near the pulp. Zone III was near the apex revealing a recruitment of mitotic cells at distance from the lesion. To gain further insight into the spatio-temporal evolution of proliferating pulp cells of zone III, we performed a longitudinal study of PCNA staining in rat molar mesial root at 3, 8, and 15 d after pulp exposure associated to implantation of unloaded or amelogenin loaded agarose beads. At day 3 after implantation, PCNA-positive cells were located in the central part of the radicular pulp. At day 8, PCNA-labeled cells were aligned in the lateral part of the pulp beneath the odontoblast/sub-odontoblast layer. At day 15, PCNA labeling became undetectable in the root and was located in the coronal pulp. These results suggest that after pulp exposure, PCNA-positive cells may migrate from the central part of the radicular pulp to the sub-odontoblast cell layer and then from the apical root to the crown. Electron microscopy and immunostaining analysis showed that pulpal cells were linked by desmosome-like and gap-junctions. Extracellular matrix was composed of thin collagen fibrils associated with glycosaminoglycans favoring cell mobility. These data suggest that the syncytium-like structure formed by pulp radicular cells may be a pre-request for plithotaxis, a collective cell migration process. This emergent mechanism may govern pulp healing and regeneration after dental lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azumi Hirata
- Department of Medical and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita , Osaka , Japan
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Shibukawa Y, Sato M, Kimura M, Sobhan U, Shimada M, Nishiyama A, Kawaguchi A, Soya M, Kuroda H, Katakura A, Ichinohe T, Tazaki M. Odontoblasts as sensory receptors: transient receptor potential channels, pannexin-1, and ionotropic ATP receptors mediate intercellular odontoblast-neuron signal transduction. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:843-63. [PMID: 24939701 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various stimuli induce pain when applied to the surface of exposed dentin. However, the mechanisms underlying dentinal pain remain unclear. We investigated intercellular signal transduction between odontoblasts and trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons following direct mechanical stimulation of odontoblasts. Mechanical stimulation of single odontoblasts increased the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) by activating the mechanosensitive-transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, and TRPA1, but not TRPM8 channels. In cocultures of odontoblasts and TG neurons, increases in [Ca(2+)]i were observed not only in mechanically stimulated odontoblasts, but also in neighboring odontoblasts and TG neurons. These increases in [Ca(2+)]i were abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) and in the presence of mechanosensitive TRP channel antagonists. A pannexin-1 (ATP-permeable channel) inhibitor and ATP-degrading enzyme abolished the increases in [Ca(2+)]i in neighboring odontoblasts and TG neurons, but not in the stimulated odontoblasts. G-protein-coupled P2Y nucleotide receptor antagonists also inhibited the increases in [Ca(2+)]i. An ionotropic ATP (P2X3) receptor antagonist inhibited the increase in [Ca(2+)]i in neighboring TG neurons, but not in stimulated or neighboring odontoblasts. During mechanical stimulation of single odontoblasts, a connexin-43 blocker did not have any effects on the [Ca(2+)]i responses observed in any of the cells. These results indicate that ATP, released from mechanically stimulated odontoblasts via pannexin-1 in response to TRP channel activation, transmits a signal to P2X3 receptors on TG neurons. We suggest that odontoblasts are sensory receptor cells and that ATP released from odontoblasts functions as a neurotransmitter in the sensory transduction sequence for dentinal pain.
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Couve E, Osorio R, Schmachtenberg O. Reactionary Dentinogenesis and Neuroimmune Response in Dental Caries. J Dent Res 2014; 93:788-93. [PMID: 24928097 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514539507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactionary dentin formation is an adaptive secretory response mediated by odontoblasts to moderate dentin injury. The implications of this process for neuroimmune interactions operating to contain pathogens have not been fully appreciated. The purpose of the present study was to describe the relationship between reactionary dentinogenesis, the neurogenic changes of dental pulp innervation, and dendritic cell recruitment to caries progression, using a comparative immunohistochemical approach in human teeth from young adult individuals. Reactionary dentin formation during dentin caries progression is associated with changes in the integrity of junctional complexes within the odontoblast layer. Diminished coexpression of Cx43 and zonula occludens 1 implies a reduced level of intercellular connectivity between odontoblasts. Dentin caries also causes overexpression of growth-associated protein 43, a modulator of neural plasticity that promotes extensive sprouting of nerve endings into the reactionary dentin matrix. At the same time, an elevated number of HLA-DR-positive dendritic cells infiltrate the odontoblast layer and subsequently invade reactionary dentin formed underneath the early caries-affected regions. Simultaneous odontoblast layer remodeling, nerve fiber sprouting, and activation of dendritic cells during caries progression suggest a coordinated neuroimmune response to fight caries pathogen invasion and to promote dentin-pulp healing. We propose that reactionary dentin formation hinders pathogen invasion and supports defensive neuroimmune interactions against infection. The eventual understanding of this complex scenario may contribute to the development of novel approaches to dental caries treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Couve
- Instituto de Biología, Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - R Osorio
- Instituto de Biología, Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - O Schmachtenberg
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Couve E, Schmachtenberg O. Response to letter to the editor, "the amazing odontoblast: activity, autophagy, and aging": why rename the amazing odontoblast? J Dent Res 2013; 92:1143. [PMID: 24127419 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513509380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Couve
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
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Abstract
Odontoblasts are dentin-secreting cells that survive for the whole life of a healthy tooth. Once teeth are completely erupted, odontoblasts transform into a mature stage that allows for their functional conservation for decades, while maintaining the capacity for secondary and reactionary dentin secretion. Odontoblasts are also critically involved in the transmission of sensory stimuli from the dentin-pulp complex and in the cellular defense against pathogens. Their longevity is sustained by an elaborate autophagic-lysosomal system that ensures organelle and protein renewal. However, progressive dysfunction of this system, in part caused by lipofuscin accumulation, reduces the fitness of odontoblasts and eventually impairs their dentin maintenance capacity. Here we review the functional activities assumed by mature odontoblasts throughout life. Understanding the biological basis of age-related changes in human odontoblasts is crucial to improving tooth preservation in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Couve
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - R. Osorio
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - O. Schmachtenberg
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
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