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Meng X, Mao H, Wan M, Lu L, Chen Z, Zhang L. Mitochondrial homeostasis in odontoblast: Physiology, pathogenesis and targeting strategies. Life Sci 2024; 352:122797. [PMID: 38917871 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Caries and pulpitis remain a major global disease burden and affect the quality of life of patients. Odontoblasts are key players in the progression of caries and pulpitis, not only secreting and mineralizing to form dentin, but also acting as a wall of defense to initiate immune defenses. Mitochondrion is an information processor for numerous cellular activities, and dysregulation of mitochondrion homeostasis not only affects cellular metabolism but also triggers a wide range of diseases. Elucidating mitochondrial homeostasis in odontoblasts can help deepen scholars' understanding of odontoblast-associated diseases. Articles on mitochondrial homeostasis in odontoblasts were evaluated for information pertinent to include in this narrative review. This narrative review focused on understanding the complex interplay between mitochondrial homeostasis in odontoblasts under physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, mitochondria-centered therapeutic strategies (including mitochondrial base editing, targeting platforms, and mitochondrial transplantation) were emphasized by resolving key genes that regulate mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are involved in odontoblast differentiation and function, and act as mitochondrial danger-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) to mediate odontoblast pathological progression. Novel mitochondria-centered therapeutic strategies are particularly attractive as emerging therapeutic approaches for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. It is expected to probe key events of odontoblast differentiation and advance the clinical resolution of dentin formation and mineralization disorders and odontoblast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Hanqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Minting Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Linxin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, HongShan District, LuoYu Road No. 237, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, HongShan District, LuoYu Road No. 237, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Fu X, Kim HS. Dentin Mechanobiology: Bridging the Gap between Architecture and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5642. [PMID: 38891829 PMCID: PMC11171917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
It is remarkable how teeth maintain their healthy condition under exceptionally high levels of mechanical loading. This suggests the presence of inherent mechanical adaptation mechanisms within their structure to counter constant stress. Dentin, situated between enamel and pulp, plays a crucial role in mechanically supporting tooth function. Its intermediate stiffness and viscoelastic properties, attributed to its mineralized, nanofibrous extracellular matrix, provide flexibility, strength, and rigidity, enabling it to withstand mechanical loading without fracturing. Moreover, dentin's unique architectural features, such as odontoblast processes within dentinal tubules and spatial compartmentalization between odontoblasts in dentin and sensory neurons in pulp, contribute to a distinctive sensory perception of external stimuli while acting as a defensive barrier for the dentin-pulp complex. Since dentin's architecture governs its functions in nociception and repair in response to mechanical stimuli, understanding dentin mechanobiology is crucial for developing treatments for pain management in dentin-associated diseases and dentin-pulp regeneration. This review discusses how dentin's physical features regulate mechano-sensing, focusing on mechano-sensitive ion channels. Additionally, we explore advanced in vitro platforms that mimic dentin's physical features, providing deeper insights into fundamental mechanobiological phenomena and laying the groundwork for effective mechano-therapeutic strategies for dentinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Fu
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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3
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Yang D, Jeong Y, Ortinau L, Solidum J, Park D. Mx1 -labeled pulp progenitor cells are main contributors to postnatal odontoblasts and pulp cells in murine molars. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586156. [PMID: 38585950 PMCID: PMC10996506 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration of dentin and odontoblasts from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is essential for permanent tooth maintenance. However, the in vivo identity and role of endogenous DPSCs in reparative dentinogenesis are elusive. Here, using pulp single-cell analysis before and after molar eruption, we revealed that endogenous DPSCs are enriched in Cxcl12- GFP + coronal papilla-like cells with Mx1- Cre labeling. These Mx1 + Cxcl12- GFP + cells are long-term repopulating cells that contribute to the majority of pulp cells and new odontoblasts after eruption. Upon molar injury, Mx1 + DPSCs localize into the injury site and differentiate into new odontoblasts, forming scleraxis -GFP + and osteocalcin -GFP + dentinal tubules and reparative dentin. Single-cell and FACS analysis showed that Mx1 + Cxcl12- GFP + DPSCs are the most primitive cells with stem cell marker expression and odontoblast differentiation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Mx1 labels postnatal DSPCs, which are the main source of pulp cells and new odontoblasts with reparative dentinogenesis in vivo .
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Bucchi C, Bucchi A, Martínez-Rodríguez P. Biological properties of stem cells from the apical papilla exposed to lipopolysaccharides: An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 159:105876. [PMID: 38181490 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the biological properties of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs), such as viability, adhesion to dentin, odontoblast-like differentiation, mineralization, and release of immunomodulatory cytokines. DESIGN SCAPs were isolated from immature teeth of three donors (10 to 15 years old) and cultured in mineralizing media with or without 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells were seeded and cultured under standardized conditions; viability was assessed by MTT assay on days 1, 3, 5, and 7; adhesion to dentin was analyzed using an environmental scanning electron microscope after 2 days; the expression of odontogenic and mineralization genes (DSPP, DMP-1, OCN, Col1A1) was evaluated through qPCR after 14 days, mineralization was evaluated with alizarin red staining after 21 days; and the release of immunomodulatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) was measured by ELISA after 1 and 7 days. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to detect the effect of LPS on SCAPs, followed by the Dunn-Sidak test. RESULTS LPS presence in the culture media affected SCAPs viability on day 5 and increased IL-6 secretion by day 7, however, SCAPs retained the adhesion to dentin and mineralization capacities, as well as the differentiation capacity into a mineralizing phenotype. CONCLUSION In conclusion, within the limitations of this in vitro study, and under the inflammatory microenvironment simulated in this study, stem cells from the apical papilla were found with retained adhesion capacity to dentin, differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype, mineralization, and release of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bucchi
- Integral Adult Dentistry Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Oral Biology Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Ana Bucchi
- Integral Adult Dentistry Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Lee YS, Park Y, Hwang G, Seo H, Ki SH, Bai S, Son C, Roh SM, Park S, Lee D, Lee J, Seo Y, Shon WJ, Jeon D, Jang M, Kim SG, Seo B, Lee G, Park J. Cpne7 deficiency induces cellular senescence and premature aging of dental pulp. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14061. [PMID: 38105557 PMCID: PMC10928576 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Once tooth development is complete, odontoblasts and their progenitor cells in the dental pulp play a major role in protecting tooth vitality from external stresses. Hence, understanding the homeostasis of the mature pulp populations is just as crucial as understanding that of the young, developing ones for managing age-related dentinal damage. Here, it is shown that loss of Cpne7 accelerates cellular senescence in odontoblasts due to oxidative stress and DNA damage accumulation. Thus, in Cpne7-null dental pulp, odontoblast survival is impaired, and aberrant dentin is extensively formed. Intraperitoneal or topical application of CPNE7-derived functional peptide, however, alleviates the DNA damage accumulation and rescues the pathologic dentin phenotype. Notably, a healthy dentin-pulp complex lined with metabolically active odontoblasts is observed in 23-month-old Cpne7-overexpressing transgenic mice. Furthermore, physiologic dentin was regenerated in artificial dentinal defects of Cpne7-overexpressing transgenic mice. Taken together, Cpne7 is indispensable for the maintenance and homeostasis of odontoblasts, while promoting odontoblastic differentiation of the progenitor cells. This research thereby introduces its potential in oral disease-targeted applications, especially age-related dental diseases involving dentinal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seon Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology‐Developmental BiologySchool of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yeoung‐Hyun Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology‐Developmental BiologySchool of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D CenterHysensBio Co., Ltd.GwacheonGyeonggiDoKorea
| | - Geumbit Hwang
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology‐Developmental BiologySchool of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyejin Seo
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology‐Developmental BiologySchool of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Si Hyoung Ki
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology‐Developmental BiologySchool of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Shengfeng Bai
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology‐Developmental BiologySchool of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Chul Son
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology‐Developmental BiologySchool of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D CenterHysensBio Co., Ltd.GwacheonGyeonggiDoKorea
| | - Seong Min Roh
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D CenterHysensBio Co., Ltd.GwacheonGyeonggiDoKorea
| | - Su‐Jin Park
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D CenterHysensBio Co., Ltd.GwacheonGyeonggiDoKorea
| | - Dong‐Seol Lee
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D CenterHysensBio Co., Ltd.GwacheonGyeonggiDoKorea
| | - Ji‐Hyun Lee
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D CenterHysensBio Co., Ltd.GwacheonGyeonggiDoKorea
| | - You‐Mi Seo
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology‐Developmental BiologySchool of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Won Jun Shon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Daehyun Jeon
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Mi Jang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sahng G. Kim
- Division of EndodonticsColumbia University College of Dental MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Byoung‐Moo Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry and Dental Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Gene Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Joo‐Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology‐Developmental BiologySchool of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D CenterHysensBio Co., Ltd.GwacheonGyeonggiDoKorea
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Garizoain G, Parra RC, Aranda CM, Luna LH. Three decades after the publication of the Lamendin method for adult age-at-death estimation: Methodological evolution of the procedure and interpretations. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 355:111917. [PMID: 38215538 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
More than three decades have passed since the publication of Lamendin et al.'s proposal in 1992. Over this time, numerous investigations have been conducted to assess the applicability of the technique in different populations with acceptable results in terms of estimation errors. The proposal by Lamendin and colleagues remains relevant today, and has made a significant contribution to adult age-at-death estimation due to its simplicity, repeatability, replicability, and high performance. Indeed, significant progress towards systematizing and strengthening the procedure has been reported in the published literature. One noteworthy advancement is the development of an international database that supports the use of Bayesian statistics for age-at-death estimation. This resource plays a crucial role in standardizing the methodology and improving the reliability for obtaining more reliable results on a global scale. The aim of this study is to investigate the historical evolution of the technique, to assess the accuracy of the results obtained by different analytic procedures, and to explore its impact in forensic applications through a systematic analysis of the specialized literature on this field. The current state of research indicates that this type of methodological research is an ongoing process, far from being completed. Many questions and challenges that require further attention to address effectively these issues remain unanswered, such as the development of non-linear regressions and probabilistic approaches, the deepening of procedures that improve global approximations, and the intensification of research focused on achieving more accurate estimations among individuals over 70 years-old. However, studies generally agree that the Lamendin technique works well for individuals between the ages of 30-60 years. It is still in force today, although the method has been significantly perfected. Despite the degree of research development in this area, further efforts are needed to improve the understanding and performance of these kinds of procedures. This will ultimately lead to an improvement in the accuracy and reliability of forensic investigation results worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garizoain
- Forensic Science Research Laboratory (LICiF), Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
| | - R C Parra
- Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN Human Rights), The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - C M Aranda
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Odontology, Endodontics Chair and Public Health Research Institute (IISAP), Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Research Unit (UIBAF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L H Luna
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters and Faculty of Odontology, Endodontics Chair and Public Health Research Institute (IISAP), Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Research Unit (UIBAF), Marcelo T de Alvear 2142 9th floor (C1122), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Multidisciplinary Institute of History and Human Sciences (IMHICIHU), Faculty of Philosophy and Letters and Faculty of Odontology, Endodontics Chair and Public Health Research Institute (IISAP), Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Research Unit (UIBAF), Marcelo T de Alvear 2142 9th floor (C1122), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wang J, Cheng X, Mei X, Wu H, Yu Q, Xiao M. The effect of Par3 on the cellular junctions and biological functions of odontoblast-lineage cells. Odontology 2024; 112:125-137. [PMID: 37493885 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfect intercellular junctions are key for odontoblast barrier function. However, whether Partitioning defective-3 (Par3) is expressed in odontoblasts and its potential effects on odontoblast junctions are unknown. Herein, we investigated the effect of Par3 on cellular junctions and the biological behavior of odontoblast-lineage cells (OLCs). Whole-transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the effects of Par3 on OLCs and the underlying molecular mechanism. Par3 was detected under physiological and inflammatory conditions in OLCs. To investigate the regulatory effect of Par3 on junctions between mouse OLCs, the effects of Par3 downregulation on the proliferation, migration, cycle and apoptosis of OLCs were detected by 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Transwell assays and flow cytometry. Western blotting and alizarin red S and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were used to observe the effect of Par3 downregulation on OLC mineralization. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was used to investigate the biological role of Par3 in OLCs and potential molecular mechanisms. Par3 was located along the odontoblast layer in the rat pulp tissue and in the cytoplasm of OLCs. Par3 expression was downregulated under inflammatory conditions. The OLC junctions were discontinuous, and total Zona occluden-1 (ZO-1) expression and expression of ZO-1 at the membrane in OLCs were reduced after Par3 silencing (P < 0.05). Expression of a junction-related protein (ZO-1) was downregulated after the downregulation of Par3 (P < 0.05), and ZO-1 moved from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm. OLC proliferation and migration were enhanced, but apoptosis and mineralization were inhibited in shPar3-transfected cells (P < 0.05). Sequencing identified 2996 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were mainly enriched in the response to stimuli and binding. Downregulation of Par3 could overactivate the PI3k-AKT pathway by promoting AKT phosphorylation (P < 0.05). Downregulation of Par3 may disrupt junctions between OLCs by affecting ZO-1 expression and distribution and promote OLC proliferation and migration but inhibit OLC mineralization. Par3 may interact with 14-3-3 proteins for PI3K-AKT pathway activation to affect OLC junctions and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaogang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoze Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, China.
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Zhou L, Mao HQ, Li JQ, Chen Z, Zhang L. Fusobacterium nucleatum exacerbates the progression of pulpitis by regulating the STING-dependent pathway. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23357. [PMID: 38085169 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301648r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is the main cause of pulpitis. However, whether a dominant bacteria can promote the progression of pulpitis and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We provided a comprehensive assessment of the microbiota alteration in pulpitis using 16S rRNA sequencing. Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most enriched in pulpitis and played a pathogenic role accelerating pulpitis progression in rat pulpitis model. After odontoblast-like cells cocultured with F. nucleatum, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and autophagy were activation. There was a float of STING expression during F. nucleatum stimulation. STING was degraded by autophagy at the early stage. At the late stage, F. nucleatum stimulated mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction and then mtDNA escape into cytosol. mtDNA, which escaped into cytosol, caused more cytosolic mtDNA binds to cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). The release of IFN-β was dramatically reduced when mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway inhibited. STING-/- mice showed milder periapical bone loss and lower serum IFN-β levels compared with wildtype mice after 28 days F. nucleatum-infected pulpitis model establishment. Our data demonstrated that F. nucleatum exacerbated the progression of pulpitis, which was mediated by the STING-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Qing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Xie Y, Chen S, Sheng L, Sun Y, Liu S. A New Landscape of Human Dental Aging: Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Avenues. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2022.1224. [PMID: 37163430 PMCID: PMC10389823 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by physical dysfunction and physiologic degeneration that occurs over an individual's lifetime. Human teeth, like many other organs, inevitably undergo chronological aging and age-related changes throughout the lifespan, resulting in a substantial need for preventive, restorative as well as periodontal dental care. This is particularly the case for seniors at 65 years of age and those older but economically disadvantaged. Dental aging not only interferes with normal chewing and digestion, but also affects daily appearance and interpersonal communications. Further dental aging can incur the case of multiple disorders such as oral cancer, encephalitis, and other systemic diseases. In the next decades or even hundreds of years, the proportion of the elderly in the global population will continue to rise, a tendency that attracts increasing attention across multiple scientific and medical disciplines. Dental aging will bring a variety of problems to the elderly themselves and poses serious challenges to the medical profession and social system. A reduced, but functional dentition comprising 20 teeth in occlusion has been proposed as a measurement index of successful dental aging. Healthy dental aging is critical to healthy aging, from both medical and social perspectives. To date, biomedical research on the causes, processes and regulatory mechanisms of dental aging is still in its infancy. In this article, updated insights into typical manifestations, associated pathologies, preventive strategies and molecular changes of dental aging are provided, with future research directions largely projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajia Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Israr F, Masood Ul Hasan S, Hussain M, Qazi FUR, Hasan A. Investigating In Situ Expression of Neurotrophic Factors and Partner Proteins in Irreversible Pulpitis. J Endod 2023; 49:1668-1675. [PMID: 37660765 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In situ assessments of neurotrophic factors and their associated molecular partners have not been explored to date, particularly in humans. The present investigation aimed to explore the expressional dysregulation of neurotrophic factors (nerve growth factor [NGF], brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], and NT4/5), their receptors (TrkA and TrkB), and their modulators (USP36 and Nedd4-2) directly in irreversibly inflamed human pulp tissues. METHODS Forty samples each of healthy and irreversibly inflamed pulp were extirpated for the study. Immunohistochemical examinations were carried out for the anatomic changes and expression of neurotrophic factors and partner proteins. Expression was digitally quantified using the IHC profiler module of ImageJ and deduced as optical density. Statistical analyses were carried out by GraphPad Prism. RESULTS Decrease in nuclear and vessel diameters was observed in irreversibly inflamed pulp tissues. NGF and BDNF were found to be significantly upregulated in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP), whereas no significant difference was observed in the expression of TrkA and TrkB. Expression of Nedd4-2, USP36, and TrkA was found positively correlated with the NGF in healthy pulp tissues. However, in SIP, positive correlation was only observed between the expression of USP36 and NGF. Among the ligands, BDNF expression was found positively correlated with NGF in healthy pulp but not with NT4/5. In the case of SIP, no correlation was observed between any neurotrophic factors. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of NGF, BDNF, USP36 and Nedd4-2 in SIP indicates dysregulation in the molecular events underlying the disease biology and could be exploited as potential markers for the disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Israr
- Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Masood Ul Hasan
- Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Hussain
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Ur Rehman Qazi
- Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Hasan
- Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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11
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Calsa B, de Camargo LS, Bortolança TJ, de Oliveira CA, Catisti R, do Amaral FG, Santamaria-Jr M. Absence of melatonin during development impairs craniofacial and dental onset in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5353-5365. [PMID: 37454327 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herein, we evaluated pinealectomy-induced melatonin absence to determine its effects on craniofacial and dental development in the offspring. DESIGN Female Wistar rats in three groups, i.e., intact pregnant rats, pinealectomized pregnant rats (PINX), and pinealectomized pregnant rats subjected to oral melatonin replacement therapy, were crossed 30 days after surgery. The heads of 7-day-old pups were harvested for cephalometric and histological analyses, and maxillae and incisors were collected for mRNA expression analysis. RESULTS The PINX pups exhibited a reduction in neurocranial and facial parameters such as a decrease in alveolar bone area, incisor size and proliferation, and an increase in odontoblasts and the dentin layer. Based on incisor mRNA expression analysis, we found that Dmp1 expression was upregulated, whereas Col1a1 expression was downregulated. Maxillary mRNA expression revealed that Rankl expression was upregulated, whereas that of Opn and Osx was downregulated. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the absence of maternal melatonin during early life could affect dental and maxillary development in offspring, as well as delay odontogenesis and osteogenesis in maxillary tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that disruptions or a lack of melatonin during pregnancy may cause changes in craniofacial and dental development, at least in animal experiments; however, in humans, these feedings are still poorly understood, and thus careful evaluations of melatonin levels in humans need to be investigated in craniofacial alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Calsa
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Scodeler de Camargo
- Pineal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosana Catisti
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Santamaria-Jr
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil.
- Graduate Program of Orthodontics Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology - College of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo 777, São José Dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
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12
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Nijakowski K, Ortarzewska M, Jankowski J, Lehmann A, Surdacka A. The Role of Cellular Metabolism in Maintaining the Function of the Dentine-Pulp Complex: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040520. [PMID: 37110177 PMCID: PMC10143950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular metabolic processes ensure the physiological integrity of the dentine-pulp complex. Odontoblasts and odontoblast-like cells are responsible for the defence mechanisms in the form of tertiary dentine formation. In turn, the main defence reaction of the pulp is the development of inflammation, during which the metabolic and signalling pathways of the cells are significantly altered. The selected dental procedures, such as orthodontic treatment, resin infiltration, resin restorations or dental bleaching, can impact the cellular metabolism in the dental pulp. Among systemic metabolic diseases, diabetes mellitus causes the most consequences for the cellular metabolism of the dentine-pulp complex. Similarly, ageing processes present a proven effect on the metabolic functioning of the odontoblasts and the pulp cells. In the literature, several potential metabolic mediators demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties on inflamed dental pulp are mentioned. Moreover, the pulp stem cells exhibit the regenerative potential essential for maintaining the function of the dentine-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Ortarzewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- Student's Scientific Group in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Lehmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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13
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Fujii Y, Hatori A, Chikazu D, Ogasawara T. Application of Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Bone and Neural Tissue Regeneration in Oral and Maxillofacial Region. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2026572. [PMID: 37035445 PMCID: PMC10076122 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2026572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the oral and maxillofacial region, the treatment of severe bone defects, caused by fractures, cancers, congenital abnormalities, etc., remains a great challenge. In addition, neurological disorders are frequently accompanied by these bone defects or the treatments for them. Therefore, novel bone regenerative techniques and methods to repair nerve injury are eagerly sought. Among them, strategies using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising options. Human DPSCs can be collected easily from extracted teeth and are now considered a type of mesenchymal stem cell with higher clonogenic and proliferative potential. DPSCs have been getting attention as a cell source for bone and nerve regeneration. In this article, we reviewed the latest studies on osteogenic or neural differentiation of DPSCs as well as bone or neural regeneration methods using DPSCs and discussed the potential of DPSCs for bone and nerve tissue regeneration.
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14
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Machla F, Sokolova V, Platania V, Prymak O, Kostka K, Kruse B, Agrymakis M, Pasadaki S, Kritis A, Alpantaki K, Vidaki M, Chatzinikolaidou M, Epple M, Bakopoulou A. Tissue engineering at the dentin-pulp interface using human treated dentin scaffolds conditioned with DMP1 or BMP2 plasmid DNA-carrying calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:156-172. [PMID: 36708852 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hard dental tissue pathologies, such as caries, are conventionally managed through replacement by tooth-colored inert biomaterials. Tissue engineering provides novel treatment approaches to regenerate lost dental tissues based on bioactive materials and/or signaling molecules. While regeneration in the form of reparative dentin (osteo-dentin) is feasible, the recapitulation of the tubular microstructure of ortho-dentin and its special features is sidelined. This study characterized in vitro, and in vivo human EDTA-treated, freeze-dried dentin matrices (HTFD scaffolds) conditioned with calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NPs) bearing plasmids encoding dentinogenesis-inducing factors (pBMP2/NPs or pDMP1/NPs). The uptake and transfection efficiency of the synthesized NPs on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as evaluated qualitatively by confocal laser microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and quantitatively by flow cytometry, while, in parallel, cell viability decreased. HTFD scaffolds conditioned with the optimal transfectability-to-viability concentration at 4 µg Ca/mL of each of the pBMP2/NPs or pDMP1/NPs preserved high levels of cell viability, evidenced by live/dead staining in vitro and caused no adverse reactions after implantation on C57BL6 mice in vivo. HTFD/NPs constructs induced rapid and pronounced odontogenic shift of the DPSCs, as evidenced by relevant gene expression patterns of RunX2, ALP, BGLAP, BMP-2, DMP-1, DSPP by real-time PCR, and acquirement of polarized meta-mitotic phenotype with cellular protrusions entering the dentinal tubules as visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Taken together, HTFD/NPs constitute a promising tool for customized reconstruction of the ortho-dentin/odontoblastic layer barrier and preservation of pulp vitality. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In clinical dentistry, the most common therapeutic approach for the reconstruction of hard dental tissue defects is the replacement by resin-based restorative materials. Even modern bioactive materials focus on reparative dentinogenesis, leading to amorphous dentin-bridge formation in proximity to the pulp. Therefore, the natural microarchitecture of tubular ortho-dentin is not recapitulated, and the sensory and defensive role of odontoblasts is sidelined. This study approaches the reconstruction at the dentin-pulp interface using a construct of human treated dentin (HTFD) scaffold and plasmid-carrying nanoparticles (NPs) encoding dentinogenic factors (DMP-1 or BMP-2) with excellent in vitro and in vivo properties. As a future perspective, the HTFD/NPs constructs could act as bio-fillings for personalized reconstruction of the dentin-pulp interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Machla
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tissue Engineering Core Unit, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Sokolova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - V Platania
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - O Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - K Kostka
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - B Kruse
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - M Agrymakis
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - S Pasadaki
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - A Kritis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Alpantaki
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Venizeleion General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - M Vidaki
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - M Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - M Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
| | - A Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tissue Engineering Core Unit, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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15
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Garizoain G, Parra RC, Aranda C, Zorba E, Moraitis K, Escalante-Flórez K, Retana F, Condori L, Valderrama-Leal C, Rodríguez P, Luna LH. Root dentin translucency and age at death estimation in adults using single rooted teeth: Update of the Forensic International Dental Database. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 343:111564. [PMID: 36669240 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the publication of Lamendin's age estimation technique, the root dentin translucency has received increasing attention as an important indicator of age. Recently, Parra and colleagues presented the Forensic International Dental Database (FIDB), a proposal to estimate age at death in adults based on Bayes theorem by applying the criteria of Lamendin's technique. The present study aims to update the procedure and to evaluate a new version of the method (named FIDBv2) using two control samples from Colombia and Greece. The performance of this new version was acceptable and suggests that the method is suitable for age at death estimation in adult individuals from different forensic contexts. The best approximations to chronological age were obtained for individuals between 30 and 60 years old, with errors less than 10 years. The age estimations calculated on control samples suggest the adequate performance of FIDBv2 on individuals from varied populations. It can be stated that the FIDBv2 constitutes a solid alternative to be used in contexts where no additional data are available. Here we reinforce the initial idea that this model for estimating age at death in adults may be generalizable to any forensic context in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Garizoain
- Chair of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Roberto C Parra
- Specialized Forensic Team, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN Human Rights), The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Claudia Aranda
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Odontology, Endodontics Chair and Public Health Research Institute (IISAP), Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Research Unit (UIBAF), Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear 2142,1122 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eleni Zorba
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Moraitis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Fernando Retana
- Fiscalía General del Estado de Puebla, adscrito al Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFO), Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Lucio Condori
- Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses del Perú, Ministerio Público, Lima, Peru.
| | - Clara Valderrama-Leal
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Pablo Rodríguez
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Odontology, Endodontics Chair and Public Health Research Institute (IISAP), Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Research Unit (UIBAF), Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear 2142,1122 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Leandro H Luna
- CONICET, Multidisciplinary Institute of History and Human Sciences (IMHICIHU), Saavedra 15,1083 Buenos Aires, Argentina; University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters and Faculty of Odontology, Endodontics Chair and Public Health Research Institute (IISAP), Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Research Unit (UIBAF), Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear 2142, 1122 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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16
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Ohkura N, Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Edanami N, Ohshima H, Takenaka S, Noiri Y. SVCT2-GLUT1-mediated ascorbic acid transport pathway in rat dental pulp and its effects during wound healing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1251. [PMID: 36690706 PMCID: PMC9870884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA; vitamin C) plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis and secretion of collagen to produce the organic matrix of hard tissues. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism by which AA induces reparative dentinogenesis is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the pathway and function of AA during wound healing in a rat pulpotomy model. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) 2 and glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 were detected in odontoblasts, endothelial cells, and nerve fibers in normal pulp tissues. SVCT2 and GLUT1 were also expressed in odontoblast-like cells in pulpotomized tissues of Wistar rats, and immunopositive cells of SVCT2 were significantly increased at 5 days after pulpotomy (p < 0.05). By contrast, osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS) rats, which cannot generate AA, also expressed SVCT2 and GLUT1 in normal and wound healing conditions. However, in ODS rats, when compared with the AA-addition group, the formation of dentin bridges in the AA-loss group was not evident, a layer of osteopontin was significantly increased beneath the wound surface (p < 0.05), and alpha smooth muscle actin at the odontoblast-like cells observed along this layer was significantly increased (p < 0.05), but not Nestin. Moreover, the amounts of type 1 collagen generated in the reparative dentin and beneath the wound healing site were significantly diminished (p < 0.05). Macrophages expressing CD68 and CD206 increased beneath the wound site. Hence, AA may be involved in odontoblast-like cell differentiation and anti-inflammatory response during dental pulp wound healing. Our results provide new insights into the function of AA through SVCT2 and GLUT1 in reparative dentinogenesis and may help in developing new therapeutic targets for dental pulpal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Edanami
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Shi Y, Wang Y, Shan Z, Gao Z. Decellularized rat submandibular gland as an alternative scaffold for dental pulp regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1148532. [PMID: 37152652 PMCID: PMC10160494 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1148532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Decellularized extracellular matrix has been recognized as an optimal scaffold for dental pulp regeneration. However, the limited amount of native dental pulp tissue restricts its clinical applications. The submandibular gland shares some basic extracellular matrix components and characteristics with dental pulp. However, whether decellularized submandibular gland extracellular matrix (DSMG) can be used as an alternative scaffold for dental pulp regenerative medicine is unclear. Methods: Thus, we successfully decellularized the whole rat submandibular gland and human dental pulp, and then conducted in vitro and in vivo studies to compare the properties of these two scaffolds for dental pulp regeneration. Results: Our results showed that extracellular matrix of the submandibular gland had great similarities in structure and composition with that of dental pulp. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the DSMG could support adhesion and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells in vitro. In vivo findings revealed that implanted cell-seeded DSMG formed a vascularized dental pulp-like tissue and expressed markers involved in dentinogenesis and angiogenesis. Discussion: In summary, we introduced a novel accessible biological scaffold and validated its effectiveness as an extracellular matrix-based tissue engineering scaffold for dental pulp regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhenhua Gao
- *Correspondence: Zhenhua Gao, ; Zhaochen Shan,
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18
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Weerakoon AT, Meyers IA, Thomson DH, Cooper C, Ford PJ, Symons AL. Coronal dentin differs between young and mature adult humans: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 144:105553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Weerakoon AT, Condon N, Cox TR, Sexton C, Cooper C, Meyers IA, Thomson D, Ford PJ, Roy S, Symons AL. Dynamic dentin: A quantitative microscopic assessment of age and spatial changes to matrix architecture, peritubular dentin, and collagens types I and III. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107899. [PMID: 36208858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
To investigate age and site-related changes to human dentin collagen, sound human teeth collected from donors aged 13-29 (young) and 50-74 (aged) years (n = 9/group) were cut to shallow and deep sites. Dentin collagen orientation and fibril bundling was investigated using the Picrosirius Red (PSR) stain observed under cross-polarized light microscopy (Pol), and collagen distribution was investigated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Collagen types III to I distribution in peritubular dentin (PTD) was revealed using Herovici stain and brightfield microscopy. Image analysis software and linear mixed modelling quantified outcomes. In situ dentin collagen was observed using Xenon Plasma Focussed Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (Xe PFIB-SEM). The PSR-Pol analysis revealed less coherently aligned and more bundled collagen fibrils in aged dentin (P = 0.005). Deep inner dentin collagen in both groups were less coherently aligned with reduced bundling. Regardless of age, CLSM showed collagen distribution remained stable; and more collagen type III was detectable in PTD located in inner dentin (Young: P = 0.006; Aged: P = 0.008). Observations following Xe PFIB-SEM cross-sectioning showed apatite-like deposits surrounding large intratubular collagen fibers, and evidence of smaller intertubular dentin collagen fibrils in situ. In conclusion, aging changes collagen network architecture, but not distribution or content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arosha T Weerakoon
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Sexton
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Crystal Cooper
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ian A Meyers
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Thomson
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pauline J Ford
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandrine Roy
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Olympus Life Science, Australia
| | - Anne L Symons
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Lorencetti-Silva F, Sales LS, Lamarque GDCC, Caixeta GA, Arnez MFM, Faccioli LH, Paula-Silva FWG. Effects of inflammation in dental pulp cell differentiation and reparative response. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.942714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The responsiveness of the dentin-pulp complex is possible due to the stimulation of dental pulp cells, which begin to synthesize and secrete dentin matrix. The inflammatory process generated by harmful stimuli should be understood as a natural event of the immune response, resulting in the recruitment of hematopoietic cells, which cross the endothelial barrier and reach the site affected by the injury in order to eliminate the damage and provide an appropriate environment for the restoration of homeostasis. The repair process occurs in the presence of adequate blood supply, absence of infection, and with the participation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix components, and other biologically active molecules. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are bioactive molecules derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid, as a result of a variable range of cellular stimuli. The aim of this review is to describe the process of formation and biomineralization of the dentin-pulp complex and how pro-inflammatory events can modify this response, with emphasis on the lipid mediators prostaglandins and leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid metabolism.
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21
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Kang KJ, Choi MJ, Min TJ, You TM, Lee G, Ko SY, Jang YJ. Cell surface accumulation of intracellular leucine proline-enriched proteoglycan 1 enhances odontogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:684-695. [PMID: 35859453 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dental pulp cells can be differentiated into odontoblast-like cells, which are responsible for dentin formation and mineralization. Successful differentiation of primary dental pulp cells can be verified using a few markers. However, odontoblast-specific cell surface markers have not been fully studied yet. LEucine PRoline-Enriched Proteoglycan 1 (LEPRE1) is a basement membrane-associated proteoglycan. LEPRE1 protein levels are increased during odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Intracellular and cell surface accumulation of this protein completely disappeared during dentin maturation and mineralization. Cell surface binding of an anti-LEPRE1 monoclonal antibody that could recognize an extracellular region was gradually increased in the odontoblastic stage. Overexpression and knock-down experiments showed that accumulation of intracellular LEPRE1 could lead to inefficient odontoblastic differentiation and that the movement of LEPRE1 from intracellular region to the cell surface was required for odontoblastic differentiation. Indeed, when LEPRE1 already located on the cell surface was blocked by the anti-LEPRE1 monoclonal antibody, odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells was inhibited. In this study, we looked at other aspects of LEPRE1 function as a cell surface molecule rather than its known intracellular hydroxylase activity. Our results indicate that this protein has potential as a specific cell surface marker in odontoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jung Kang
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Min-Jeong Choi
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Tae-Jun Min
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Tae Min You
- Dankook University College of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Gyutae Lee
- Yonsei Wooil Dental Hospital, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Seon-Yle Ko
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Dept. Nanobiomedical Science, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of).,Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of);
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22
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The Equine Dental Pulp: Histomorphometric Analysis of the Equine Dental Pulp in Incisors and Cheek Teeth. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060261. [PMID: 35737313 PMCID: PMC9227316 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain a healthy and functional status, equine hypsodont teeth have to produce lifelong large amounts of subocclusal dentin to prevent occlusal pulp exposure, which is caused by occlusal wear. To examine the cyto- and histological components that guarantee the lifelong high productivity of equine pulp, a limited number of ten incisors and ten cheek teeth from seven adult horses (aged 5 to 24 years) and five foals were sampled for preliminary histomorphometric and histomorphological evaluations. Independently of age, the equine dental pulp featured constant layers of predentin and odontoblastic cells, as well as soft connective tissue, composed of a cellular fibrous matrix, in which blood vessels and nerve fibers were embedded. As a result of the progressive deposition of newly formed dentin, the layer of dentin became thicker with age, and the size of the pulp chamber decreased. In contrast to the brachydont teeth, the morphological characteristics of the odontoblastic layer and the width of the predentin layer did not change with age. Therefore, it is assumed that the equine pulp tissue retained their juvenile status, which explains its unchanged ability to produce high amounts of subocclusal dentin. These preliminary, but clinically significant, findings are worthy of further investigation in order to identify strategies for equine-specific endodontic therapies.
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23
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Influence of ceramic veneer on the transdentinal cytotoxicity, degree of conversion and bond strength of light-cured resin cements to dentin. Dent Mater 2022; 38:e160-e173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schweikl H, Weissenberger S, Gallorini M, Bolay C, Waha C, Hiller KA, Buchalla W. Influence of HEMA on LPS- and LTA-stimulated IL-6 release from human dental pulp cells. Dent Mater 2022; 38:886-897. [PMID: 35341601 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental pulp cells interact with immunogenic components such as LPS (lipopolysaccharide) or LTA (lipoteichoic acid) released from microorganisms in carious lesions. In the present investigation, the formation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 in LPS- or LTA-stimulated cells from the dental pulp interface and pulp fibroblasts was analyzed in the presence of the resin monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) under varying cellular redox conditions. METHOD Human pulp fibroblasts (HPC) or cells from the dental pulp interface expressing an odontoblast phenotype (hOD-1) were exposed to LTA, LPS or HEMA for 1 h or 24 h. Redox homeostasis was modified by the prooxidant BSO (L-buthionine sulfoximine) or the antioxidant NAC (N-acetyl cysteine). Formation of TNFα or IL-6 was analyzed by ELISA, and cell survival was determined by a crystal violet assay. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney-U-test. RESULTS Secretion of TNFα was not detected in LPS- or LTA-stimulated HPC or hOD-1, and IL-6 was not found after a short exposure (1 h). After a 24 h exposure, LPS induced a 3-fold increase in IL-6 formation in HPC, while LTA stimulated IL-6 release about 20-fold. Likewise, LTA was more effective than LPS in hOD-1 stimulating IL-6 levels about 50-fold. HEMA inhibited the LPS- and LTA-induced IL-6 release, and this effect was enhanced by BSO but counteracted by NAC in both cell types. IL-6 release was independent of cell survival rates. CONCLUSIONS The protective immune response in odontoblasts and pulp fibroblasts is impaired by monomers such as HEMA through the disturbance of the redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Weissenberger
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carola Bolay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
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Bucchi C, Ohlsson E, de Anta JM, Woelflick M, Galler K, Manzanares-Cespedes MC, Widbiller M. Human Amnion Epithelial Cells: A Potential Cell Source for Pulp Regeneration? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052830. [PMID: 35269973 PMCID: PMC8911206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the suitability of pluripotent stem cells derived from the amnion (hAECs) as a potential cell source for revitalization in vitro. hAECs were isolated from human placentas, and dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and dentin matrix proteins (eDMPs) were obtained from human teeth. Both hAECs and hDPSCs were cultured with 10% FBS, eDMPs and an osteogenic differentiation medium (StemPro). Viability was assessed by MTT and cell adherence to dentin was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the expression of mineralization-, odontogenic differentiation- and epithelial–mesenchymal transition-associated genes was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, and mineralization was evaluated through Alizarin Red staining. The viability of hAECs was significantly lower compared with hDPSCs in all groups and at all time points. Both hAECs and hDPSCs adhered to dentin and were homogeneously distributed. The regulation of odontoblast differentiation- and mineralization-associated genes showed the lack of transition of hAECs into an odontoblastic phenotype; however, genes associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition were significantly upregulated in hAECs. hAECs showed small amounts of calcium deposition after osteogenic differentiation with StemPro. Pluripotent hAECs adhere on dentin and possess the capacity to mineralize. However, they presented an unfavorable proliferation behavior and failed to undergo odontoblastic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bucchi
- Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO), Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Ella Ohlsson
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.O.); (M.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Josep Maria de Anta
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (J.M.d.A.); (M.C.M.-C.)
| | - Melanie Woelflick
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.O.); (M.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Kerstin Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - María Cristina Manzanares-Cespedes
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (J.M.d.A.); (M.C.M.-C.)
| | - Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.O.); (M.W.); (M.W.)
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26
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Zheng H, Fu J, Chen Z, Yang G, Yuan G. Dlx3 Ubiquitination by Nuclear Mdm2 Is Essential for Dentinogenesis in Mice. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1064-1074. [PMID: 35220830 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221077202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin is a major mineralized component of teeth. Odontoblasts are responsible for synthesis and secretion of dentin matrix. Previously, it has been demonstrated in a cell culture system that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, murine double minute 2 (Mdm2), promotes odontoblast-like differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs) by ubiquitinating p53 and the odontoblast-specific substrate Dlx3. However, whether Mdm2 plays an essential role in vivo in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the in vivo functions of Mdm2 using Dmp1-Cre;Mdm2 flox/flox mice combined with multiple histological and molecular biological methods. The results showed that Mdm2 deletion in the odontoblast layer led to defects in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. Unexpectedly, specific inhibition of the Mdm2-p53 axis in wild-type mice by injection of a small-molecule inhibitor Nutlin-3a indicated that the role of Mdm2 in dentinogenesis was p53 independent, which was inconsistent with the previous in vitro study. In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) showed that Mdm2 interacted with and ubiquitinated Dlx3 in the odontoblast nucleus of mouse molars. Dlx3 promoted the translocation of Mdm2 to the nucleus, and in turn, the nuclear Mdm2 mediated ubiquitination of Dlx3 and promoted the odontoblast-like differentiation of mDPCs. Dlx3 interacted with Mdm2 through its C-terminal domain. Deletion of the C-terminal domain of Dlx3 reversed the enhanced odontoblast-like differentiation and the activation of Dspp promoter mediated by overexpression of wild-type or nuclear Mdm2. Our findings suggest that nuclear Mdm2 mediates ubiquitination of the transcription factor Dlx3, which is essential for Dlx3 transcriptional activity on Dspp as well as subsequent odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J. Fu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z. Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - G. Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - G. Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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27
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Weerakoon AT, Cooper C, Meyers IA, Condon N, Sexton C, Thomson D, Ford PJ, Symons AL. Does dentine mineral change with anatomical location, microscopic site and patient age? J Struct Biol X 2022; 6:100060. [PMID: 35146411 PMCID: PMC8818708 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2022.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The SEM BSE micrographs show dentine tubules penetrating intertubular dentine. SEM BSE micrographs illustrates mineral to fill mature not young dentine tubules and branches. Mineral density varies with the ratio of tubular to intertubular dentine. Dentine composition remains stable for age, anatomical location and microscopic site. Xe PFIB-SEM cross-sections show structural integration between peritubular and intertubular dentine.
Objective To determine the effect of patient age (young or mature), anatomical location (shallow/deep and central/peripheral) and microscopic site (intertubular/peritubular) on dentine mineral density, distribution and composition. Methods Extracted posterior teeth from young (aged 19–20 years, N = 4) and mature (aged 54–77 years, N = 4) subjects were prepared to shallow and deep slices. The dentine surface elemental composition was investigated in a SEM using Backscattered Electron (BSE) micrographs, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and Integrated Mineral Analysis. Qualitative comparisons and quantitative measures using machine learning were used to analyse the BSE images. Quantitative outcomes were compared using quantile or linear regression models with bootstrapping to account for the multiple measures per sample. Subsequently, a Xenon Plasma Focussed Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (Xe PFIB-SEM) was used to mill large area (100 µm) cross-sections to investigate morphology through the dentine tubules using high resolution secondary electron micrographs. Results With age, dentine mineral composition remains stable, but density changes with anatomical location and microscopic site. Microscopically, accessory tubules spread into intertubular dentine (ITD) from the main tubule lumens. Within the lumens, mineral deposits form calcospherites in the young that eventually coalesce in mature tubules and branches. The mineral occlusion in mature dentine increases overall ITD density to reflect peritubular dentine (PTD) infiltrate. The ITD observed in micrographs remained consistent for age and observation plane to suggest tubule deposition affects overall dentine density. Mineral density depends on the relative distribution of PTD to ITD that varies with anatomical location. Significance Adhesive materials may interact differently within a tooth as well as in different age groups.
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Key Words
- Age
- Apatite
- BSE
- BSE, Backscatter Electron
- Ca, Calcium
- Cl, Chloride
- DEJ, Dentine-enamel junction
- DT, Dentine Tubule
- Dentine
- EPMA, Electron Probe Microanalyser
- Ga, Gallium
- H, Hydrogen
- Human
- ITD, Intertubular Dentine
- Intertubular dentine
- LA-ICP-MS, Laser Ablation Induction Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy
- Mg, Magnesium
- Mineral
- Na, Sodium
- O, Oxygen
- Odontoblasts
- P, Phosporus
- PTD, Peritubular Dentine
- Peritubular dentine
- SEM, Scanning Electron Microscope
- SEM-EDS
- SEM-EDS, Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
- TEM, Transmission Electron Microscope
- TIMA, Integrated Mineral Analysis
- XE PFIB-SEM, Xenon Plasma Focussed Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope
- Xe PFIB-SEM
- β-TCMP, Magnesium-whitlockite
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Affiliation(s)
- Arosha T Weerakoon
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Crystal Cooper
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian A Meyers
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Sexton
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Thomson
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pauline J Ford
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne L Symons
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Biomolecule-Mediated Therapeutics of the Dentin–Pulp Complex: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020285. [PMID: 35204786 PMCID: PMC8961586 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the application of potential therapeutic signaling molecules on complete dentin-pulp complex and pulp tissue regeneration in orthotopic and ectopic animal studies. A search strategy was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement in the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Animal studies evaluating the application of signaling molecules to pulpectomized teeth for pulp tissue or dentin-pulp complex regeneration were included. From 2530 identified records, 18 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were subjected to detailed qualitative analysis. Among the applied molecules, basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic factor-7, nerve growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor were the most frequently studied. The clinical, radiographical and histological outcome measures included healing of periapical lesions, root development, and apical closure, cellular recolonization of the pulp space, ingrowth of pulp-like connective tissue (vascularization and innervation), mineralized dentin-like tissue formation along the internal dentin walls, and odontoblast-like cells in contact with the internal dentin walls. The results indicate that signaling molecules play an important role in dentin/pulp regeneration. However, further studies are needed to determine a more specific subset combination of molecules to achieve greater efficiency towards the desired tissue engineering applications.
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29
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Odontoblast Apoptosis and Intratubular Mineralization of Sclerotic Dentin with Aging. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 136:105371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Lavicky J, Kolouskova M, Prochazka D, Rakultsev V, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Steklikova K, Bartos M, Vijaykumar A, Kaiser J, Pořízka P, Hovorakova M, Mina M, Krivanek J. The Development of Dentin Microstructure Is Controlled by the Type of Adjacent Epithelium. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:323-339. [PMID: 34783080 PMCID: PMC9300090 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Considerable amount of research has been focused on dentin mineralization, odontoblast differentiation, and their application in dental tissue engineering. However, very little is known about the differential role of functionally and spatially distinct types of dental epithelium during odontoblast development. Here we show morphological and functional differences in dentin located in the crown and roots of mouse molar and analogous parts of continuously growing incisors. Using a reporter (DSPP-cerulean/DMP1-cherry) mouse strain and mice with ectopic enamel (Spry2+/- ;Spry4-/- ), we show that the different microstructure of dentin is initiated in the very beginning of dentin matrix production and is maintained throughout the whole duration of dentin growth. This phenomenon is regulated by the different inductive role of the adjacent epithelium. Thus, based on the type of interacting epithelium, we introduce more generalized terms for two distinct types of dentins: cementum versus enamel-facing dentin. In the odontoblasts, which produce enamel-facing dentin, we identified uniquely expressed genes (Dkk1, Wisp1, and Sall1) that were either absent or downregulated in odontoblasts, which form cementum-facing dentin. This suggests the potential role of Wnt signalling on the dentin structure patterning. Finally, we show the distribution of calcium and magnesium composition in the two developmentally different types of dentins by utilizing spatial element composition analysis (LIBS). Therefore, variations in dentin inner structure and element composition are the outcome of different developmental history initiated from the very beginning of tooth development. Taken together, our results elucidate the different effects of dental epithelium, during crown and root formation on adjacent odontoblasts and the possible role of Wnt signalling which together results in formation of dentin of different quality. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Lavicky
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Kolouskova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Prochazka
- Advanced Instrumentation and Methods for Materials Characterization, CEITEC Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Rakultsev
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcos Gonzalez-Lopez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Steklikova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bartos
- Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anushree Vijaykumar
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Advanced Instrumentation and Methods for Materials Characterization, CEITEC Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pořízka
- Advanced Instrumentation and Methods for Materials Characterization, CEITEC Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hovorakova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mina Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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31
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Jacox LA, Tang N, Li Y, Bocklage C, Graves C, Coats S, Miao M, Glesener T, Kwon J, Giduz N, Lin FC, Martinez J, Ko CC. Orthodontic loading activates cell-specific autophagy in a force-dependent manner. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 161:423-436.e1. [PMID: 35039202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) relies on bone remodeling and controlled aseptic inflammation. Autophagy, a conserved homeostatic pathway, has been shown to play a role in bone turnover. We hypothesize that autophagy participates in regulating bone remodeling during OTM in a force-dependent and cell type-specific manner. METHODS A split-mouth design was used to load molars with 1 of 3 force levels (15, 30, or 45 g of force) in mice carrying a green fluorescent protein-LC3 transgene to detect cellular autophagy. Fluorescent microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to evaluate autophagy activation and its correlation with force level. Cell type-specific antibodies were used to identify cells with green fluorescent protein-positive puncta (autophagosomes) in periodontal tissues. RESULTS Autophagic activity increased shortly after loading with moderate force and was associated with the expression of bone turnover, inflammatory, and autophagy markers. Different load levels resulted in altered degrees of autophagic activation, gene expression, and osteoclast recruitment. Autophagy was specifically induced by loading in macrophages and osteoclasts found in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Data suggest autophagy participates in regulating bone turnover during OTM. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy is induced in macrophage lineage cells by orthodontic loading in a force-dependent manner and plays a role during OTM, possibly through modulation of osteoclast bone resorption. Exploring the roles of autophagy in OTM is medically relevant, given that autophagy is associated with oral and systemic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Anne Jacox
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, and Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Na Tang
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Department of Oral Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yina Li
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Clare Bocklage
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, and Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christina Graves
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Michael Miao
- Curriculum in Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tim Glesener
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jane Kwon
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, and Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Natalie Giduz
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Abstract
The development and repair of dentin are strictly regulated by hundreds of genes. Abnormal dentin development is directly caused by gene mutations and dysregulation. Understanding and mastering this signal network is of great significance to the study of tooth development, tissue regeneration, aging, and repair and the treatment of dental diseases. It is necessary to understand the formation and repair mechanism of dentin in order to better treat the dentin lesions caused by various abnormal properties, whether it is to explore the reasons for the formation of dentin defects or to develop clinical drugs to strengthen the method of repairing dentin. Molecular biology of genes related to dentin development and repair are the most important basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Peña-Oyarzún D, San Martin C, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Lavandero S, Morselli E, Budini M, Burgos PV, Criollo A. Autophagy in aging-related oral diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:903836. [PMID: 35992149 PMCID: PMC9390882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.903836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism that allows recycling of organelles and macromolecules. Autophagic function increases metabolite availability modulating metabolic pathways, differentiation and cell survival. The oral environment is composed of several structures, including mineralized and soft tissues, which are formed by complex interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. With aging, increased prevalence of oral diseases such as periodontitis, oral cancer and periapical lesions are observed in humans. These aging-related oral diseases are chronic conditions that alter the epithelial-mesenchymal homeostasis, disrupting the oral tissue architecture affecting the quality of life of the patients. Given that autophagy levels are reduced with age, the purpose of this review is to discuss the link between autophagy and age-related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Territorial Health of the Aconcagua Valley (CIISTe Aconcagua), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, San Felipe Campus, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla San Martin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Territorial Health of the Aconcagua Valley (CIISTe Aconcagua), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, San Felipe Campus, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Criollo,
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Liao JL, Lan T, Xu GH, Li J, Qin YJ, Zhao MS, Li YL, Wang Y. Tooth Structure and Replacement of the Triassic Keichousaurus (Sauropterygia, Reptilia) From South China. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.741851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The small-sized sauropterygian Keichousaurus hui was one of the most abundant marine reptiles from the Triassic Yangtze Sea in South China. Although Keichousaurus has been studied in many aspects, including the osteology, ontogeny, sexual dimorphism, and reproduction, the dentition of this marine reptile was only briefly described in external morphology. In this study, we provide new information on Keichousaurus tooth implantation, histology, and replacement based on a detailed examination of well-preserved specimens collected in the past decades. The tooth histology has been investigated for the first time by analyzing cross-sections of premaxillary teeth and the tooth attachment and implantation have been further revealed by X-ray computed microtomography. We refer the tooth replacement of Keichousaurus to the iguanid replacement type on the basis of the observed invasion of small replacement tooth into the pulp cavity of the functional tooth. Given the resemblance to other extinct and modern piscivorous predators in the morphology and structure of teeth, Keichousaurus might mainly feed on small or juvenile fishes and some relatively soft-bodied invertebrates (e.g., mysidacean shrimps) from the same ecosystem.
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35
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Wiśniewska K, Rybak Z, Szymonowicz M, Kuropka P, Dobrzyński M. Review on the Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121257. [PMID: 34943171 PMCID: PMC8698795 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary It is debatable whether lymphatic vessels exist in the dental pulp. Most researchers confirm their presence; however, the lymphatic system in the dental pulp is much less developed compared to other tissues of the body. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in the dental pulp with inflammatory changes as a response to inflammatory stimuli acting on the tooth. If lymphangiogenesis is defined as the development of lymphatic vessels from already existing ones, such a mechanism is possible only when lymphatic vessels are present in healthy teeth. Research papers have not conclusively proved whether lymphatic vessels can form in the dental pulp. The use of an immunohistochemical examination can very likely prove the presence of a lymphatic system in dental tissues. However, the evaluation of the lymphatic system of the teeth is problematic because it is quite difficult to clearly distinguish lymphatic vessels from small blood vessels. Abstract Despite many studies, opinions on the lymphatic system of the teeth are still incompatible. Studies using light and electron microscopy and directly using methods such as a radioisotope (radionuclide) scan and interstitial fluid pressure measurement reported incomplete results. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays the main role in investigating presence of the lymphatic system in dental tissues. This method uses labeled antibodies against antigens typical of lymphatic vessels. The use of appropriate staining enables the detection of antigen-antibody reaction products using a light (optical), electron or fluorescence microscope. However, these studies do not show the system of vessels, their histologic structure under physiological conditions and inflammation as well as the lymphangiogenesis process in the dental pulp. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies associating the presence of lymphatic vessels in the dental pulp with local lymphatic nodes or large vessels outside the tooth. In the scientific and research environment, the evaluation of the lymphatic system of the teeth is problematic because it is quite difficult to clearly distinguish lymphatic vessels from small blood vessels. Despite many indications of the presence of lymphatic vessels in the pulp chamber, this problem remains open and needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Wiśniewska
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-500211130
| | - Zbigniew Rybak
- Pre-Clinical Research Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Szymonowicz
- Pre-Clinical Research Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
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36
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The Role of Dendritic Cells during Physiological and Pathological Dentinogenesis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153348. [PMID: 34362130 PMCID: PMC8348392 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dental pulp is a soft connective tissue of ectomesenchymal origin that harbors distinct cell populations, capable of interacting with each other to maintain the vitality of the tooth. After tooth injuries, a sequence of complex biological events takes place in the pulpal tissue to restore its homeostasis. The pulpal response begins with establishing an inflammatory reaction that leads to the formation of a matrix of reactionary or reparative dentin, according to the nature of the exogenous stimuli. Using several in vivo designs, antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are identified in the pulpal tissue before tertiary dentin deposition under the afflicted area. However, the precise nature of this phenomenon and its relationship to inherent pulp cells are not yet clarified. This literature review aims to discuss the role of pulpal DCs and their relationship to progenitor/stem cells, odontoblasts or odontoblast-like cells, and other immunocompetent cells during physiological and pathological dentinogenesis. The concept of “dentin-pulp immunology” is proposed for understanding the crosstalk among these cell types after tooth injuries, and the possibility of immune-based therapies is introduced to accelerate pulpal healing after exogenous stimuli.
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37
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Byers MR, Calkins DF. Trigeminal sensory nerve patterns in dentine and their responses to attrition in rat molars. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105197. [PMID: 34146928 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to define trigeminal nerve ending quantities and patterns in rat molar dentine, their responses to attrition (tooth wear), and their associated odontoblasts and connections with pulpal plexuses. DESIGN Trigeminal ganglia were labeled for axonal transport of 3H-proteins to dentinal nerve endings in male rats (3-13 months old). Autoradiography detected radio-labeled dentinal tubules as indicators of nerve ending locations. Quantitative morphometry was done (ANOVA, t-tests), and littermates were compared for attrition and innervation. RESULTS There were six dentinal patterns, only two of which had an associated neural plexus of Raschkow and cell-free zone (Den-1, Den-2). Other nerves entered dentin from bush-like endings near elongated odontoblasts (Den-B), as single fibers (Den-X), as networks in predentine (PdN), or as single fibers in tertiary dentine at cusp tips (Den-S). There were at least 186,600 innervated dentinal tubules within the set of three right maxillary molars of the best-labeled rat, and similar densities were found in other rats. Attrition levels differed among cusps and in littermates (t-test p < 0.02-0.0001), but the matched right/left cusps per rat were similar. Innervations of tertiary and enamel-free dentine (Den-S, Den-X) were preserved in all rats. Den-B and Den-2 coronal patterns were unchanged unless displaced by dentinogenesis. Den-1 losses occurred in older cusps, while Den-2 patterns increased near cervical and intercuspal odontoblasts. CONCLUSIONS The extensive molar dentinal innervation had unique distributions per rat per cusp that depended on region (buccal, middle, palatal) and attrition, but only two of six patterns connected to a plexus of Raschkow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Byers
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-6540, USA.
| | - Dianne F Calkins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-6540, USA
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38
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Deng S, Fan L, Wang Y, Zhang Q. Constitutive activation of β-catenin in odontoblasts induces aberrant pulp calcification in mouse incisors. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:567-576. [PMID: 33689044 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During dentin formation, odontoblast polarization ensures that odontoblasts directionally secrete dentin matrix protein, leading to tubular dentin formation; however, little is known about the major features and regulatory mechanisms of odontoblast polarization. In a study of epithelial cell polarization, β-catenin was shown to serve as a structural component of cadherin-based adherens junctions to initiate cell polarity. However, the role of β-catenin in odontoblast polarization has not been well investigated. In this study, we explored whether β-catenin participated in odontoblast polarization to regulate the secretion of mineralization proteins. We established Col1-CreErt2; β-catenin exon3fl/fl (CA-β-catenin) mice, which constitutively activate β-catenin in odontoblasts. CA-β-catenin mice exhibited disorganization and depolarization of incisor odontoblasts. Moreover, the incisor dentin was hypomineralized, and ectopic calcification was found in mouse incisor pulp. In addition, by constitutive activation of β-catenin, the expression levels of the core polarity molecule Cdc42 and its downstream polarity protein complex Par3-Par6-aPKC were decreased in the incisors of CA-β-catenin mice. These findings suggest that β-catenin plays an essential role in dentin formation by regulating odontoblast polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Deng
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, No.399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, No.399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, No.399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, No.399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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39
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Li Y, Jacox LA, Coats S, Kwon J, Xue P, Tang N, Rui Z, Wang X, Kim YI, Wu TJ, Lee YT, Wong SW, Chien CH, Cheng CW, Gross R, Lin FC, Tseng H, Martinez J, Ko CC. Roles of autophagy in orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:582-593. [PMID: 33771430 PMCID: PMC10911631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) relies on efficient remodeling of alveolar bone. While a well-controlled inflammatory response is essential during OTM, the mechanism regulating inflammation is unknown. Autophagy, a conserved catabolic pathway, has been shown to protect cells from excess inflammation in disease states. We hypothesize that autophagy plays a role in regulating inflammation during OTM. METHODS A split-mouth design was used to force load molars in adult male mice, carrying a GFP-LC3 transgene for in vivo detection of autophagy. Confocal microscopy, Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to evaluate autophagy activation in tissues of loaded and control molars at time points after force application. Rapamycin, a Food and Drug Administration-approved immunosuppressant, was injected to evaluate induction of autophagy. RESULTS Autophagy activity increases shortly after loading, primarily on the compression side of the tooth, and is closely associated with inflammatory cytokine expression and osteoclast recruitment. Daily administration of rapamycin, an autophagy activator, led to reduced tooth movement and osteoclast recruitment, suggesting that autophagy downregulates the inflammatory response and bone turnover during OTM. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration that shows that autophagy is induced by orthodontic loading and plays a role during OTM, likely via negative regulation of inflammatory response and bone turnover. Exploring roles of autophagy in OTM holds great promise, as aberrant autophagy is associated with periodontal disease and its related systemic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc
| | - Laura Anne Jacox
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc
| | - Shannon Coats
- Duke University Medical Center Greenspace, Durham, Nc
| | - Jane Kwon
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc
| | - Na Tang
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc Department of Oral Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zou Rui
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc Department of Dentistry, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Te Ju Wu
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc Department of Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ting Lee
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc
| | - Sing Wai Wong
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc
| | - Chia Hui Chien
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Cheng
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ryan Gross
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc
| | - Henry Tseng
- Duke University Medical Center Greenspace and Glaucoma Division, Duke Eye Center, Durham, Nc
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Ma National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, Nc
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nc.
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40
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Yang S, Fan W, Li Y, Liu Q, He H, Huang F. Autophagy in tooth: Physiology, disease and therapeutic implication. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:702-712. [PMID: 33929054 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process, in which damaged organelles and proteins are engulfed in autophagic vesicles and subsequently fuse with lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is widely involved in different physiologic or pathologic processes in human. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy operates as a critical quality control mechanism to maintain pulp homeostasis and structural integrity of the dentin-pulp complex. Autophagy is activated during stresses and is involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis and periapical infection. Recent discoveries have also provided intriguing insights into the roles of autophagy in tooth development, pulp aging and stress adaptation. In this review, we provide an update on the multifaceted functions of autophagy in physiology and pathophysiology of tooth. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of autophagy modulation in diseases and the regeneration of dentin-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyin Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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41
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Widbiller M, Rothmaier C, Saliter D, Wölflick M, Rosendahl A, Buchalla W, Schmalz G, Spruss T, Galler KM. Histology of human teeth: Standard and specific staining methods revisited. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 127:105136. [PMID: 34044318 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histological techniques have long been an integral part of dental research. Especially the processing of complex tissues poses specific challenges, however, literature offers only few technical references. Objectives of this study were therefore to optimize histological staining methods and compile detailed protocols for preparation and staining of dental tissues. METHODS Human teeth were collected and fixed with 4 % formaldehyde solution after extraction. Subsequently, teeth were decalcified in 17 % EDTA or Morse's solution over a period of 28 days. The extent of decalcification was determined by weight loss and radiography. After sectioning, histological staining methods were optimized for their use on teeth. These included hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, Masson-Goldner trichrome and May-Gruenwald-Giemsa staining. Nerve fibres were visualized by luxol fast blue staining and Bodian silver staining. In addition, specific methods like TRAP, modified Brown and Brenn as well as picrosirius red staining with light polarization or fluorescence were applied and optimized. RESULTS Preparation of an artificial access to the pulp chamber was essential to ensure prompt penetration of the chemicals. Decalcification with Morse's solution took at least two weeks but was more efficient than 17 % ETDA, where thorough demineralization was achieved only after three weeks. The staining methods exhibited differences not only regarding their ability to display specific structures of interest, but also in terms of reproducibility. CONCLUSION High-quality histology of teeth can only be achieved after optimal tissue preparation and accurate staining. A complementary use of staining techniques is necessary to answer specific research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - C Rothmaier
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D Saliter
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Wölflick
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Rosendahl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Schmalz
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Spruss
- Central Animal Facilities, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K M Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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42
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Park YH, Son C, Seo YM, Lee YS, Har A, Park JC. CPNE7-Induced Autophagy Restores the Physiological Function of Mature Odontoblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655498. [PMID: 33981704 PMCID: PMC8107363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin, which composes most of the tooth structure, is formed by odontoblasts, long-lived post-mitotic cells maintained throughout the entire life of the tooth. In mature odontoblasts, however, cellular activity is significantly weakened. Therefore, it is important to augment the cellular activity of mature odontoblasts to regenerate physiological dentin; however, no molecule regulating the cellular activity of mature odontoblasts has yet been identified. Here, we suggest that copine-7 (CPNE7) can reactivate the lost functions of mature odontoblasts by inducing autophagy. CPNE7 was observed to elevate the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II), an autophagy marker, and autophagosome formation in the pre-odontoblast and mature odontoblast stages of human dental pulp cells. CPNE7-induced autophagy upregulated DSP and DMP-1, odontoblast differentiation and mineralization markers, and augmented dentin formation in mature odontoblasts. Furthermore, CPNE7 also upregulated NESTIN and TAU, which are expressed in the physiological odontoblast process, and stimulated the elongation of the odontoblast process by inducing autophagy. Moreover, lipofuscin, which progressively accumulates in long-lived post-mitotic cells and hinders their proper functions, was observed to be removed in recombinant CPNE7-treated mature odontoblasts. Thus, CPNE7-induced autophagy reactivated the function of mature odontoblasts and promoted the formation of physiological dentin in vivo. On the other hand, the well-known autophagy inducer, rapamycin, promoted odontoblast differentiation in pre-odontoblasts but did not properly reactivate the function of mature odontoblasts. These findings provide evidence that CPNE7 functionally reactivates mature odontoblasts and introduce its potential for dentinal loss-targeted clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoung-Hyun Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Regenerative Dental Medicine R and D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Son
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You-Mi Seo
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seon Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alix Har
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Regenerative Dental Medicine R and D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
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Hermyt M, Metscher B, Rupik W. Ultrastructural studies of developing egg tooth in grass snake Natrix natrix (Squamata, Serpentes) embryos, supported by X-ray microtomography analysis. ZOOLOGY 2021; 146:125913. [PMID: 33765551 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The egg tooth development is similar to the development of all the other vertebrate teeth except earliest developmental stages because the egg tooth develops directly from the oral epithelium instead of the dental lamina similarly to null generation teeth. The developing egg tooth of Natrix natrix changes its curvature differently than the egg tooth of the other investigated unidentates due to the presence of the rostral groove. The developing grass snake egg tooth comprises dental pulp and the enamel organ. The fully differentiated enamel organ consists of outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum, and ameloblasts in its inner layer. The enamel organ directly in contact with the oral cavity is covered with periderm instead of outer enamel epithelium. Stellate reticulum cells in the grass snake egg tooth share intercellular spaces with the basal part of ameloblasts and are responsible for their nutrition. Ameloblasts during egg tooth differentiation pass through the following stages: presecretory, secretory, and mature. The ameloblasts from the grass snake egg tooth show the same cellular changes as reported during mammalian amelogenesis but are devoid of Tomes' processes. Odontoblasts of the developing grass snake egg tooth pass through the following classes: pre-odontoblasts, secretory odontoblasts, and ageing odontoblasts. They have highly differentiated secretory apparatus and in the course of their activity accumulate lipofuscin. Grass snake odontoblasts possess processes which are poor in organelles. In developing egg tooth cilia have been identified in odontoblasts, ameloblasts and cells of the stellate reticulum. Dental pulp cells remodel collagen matrix during growth of the grass snake egg tooth. They degenerate in a way previously not described in other teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Hermyt
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 9 Bankowa Str., 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Brian Metscher
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Austria
| | - Weronika Rupik
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 9 Bankowa Str., 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
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Feng Z, Meng R, Li Q, Li D, Xu Q. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine may regulate the inflammatory response of human odontoblast-like cells through the NF-κB pathway. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1105-1117. [PMID: 33539038 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of DNA methylation in the innate immunity of the dental pulp, this study investigated the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) on lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced cytokine production and related intracellular signalling pathways in human odontoblast-like cells (hOBs). METHODOLOGY hOBs were cultured and differentiated from human dental pulp tissue, and the odontoblastic phenotype of the cells was detected using immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and Western blotting. hOBs were pretreated with AZA and then stimulated with 10 μg mL-1 LTA. The levels of 42 cytokines related to immunity and inflammation were examined using a cytokine antibody array and verified using qRT-PCR and ELISA. The effect of AZA on the LTA-induced NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways was explored using Western blotting. The cells were treated with the specific NF-κB inhibitor PDTC and MAPK inhibitors (the ERK inhibitor U0126, the p38 inhibitor SB203580, and the JNK inhibitor SP600125) to further confirm the role of the signalling pathways in LTA-treated hOBs. DNA immunoprecipitation-PCR was used to examine the dynamic methylation status of the gene promoters of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in the LTA-induced hOBs. Statistical analyses of the differences between two groups were performed using Student's t-test. One-way analysis of variance (anova) or repeated-measures anova with a post hoc Dunnett's test was used to assess the differences between multiple sets of data. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The odontoblastic markers were significantly higher in hOBs than those in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) (P < 0.05). According to the cytokine antibody array results, hOBs pretreated with AZA had significantly increased production of several inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05), in which the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were the most dramatically increased upon LTA stimulation (P < 0.01). Furthermore, AZA resulted in the significant upregulation of p-IKKα/β, p-IκBα, p-p65, p-p38 and p-ERK in LTA-stimulated hOBs (P < 0.01). Treatment with the NF-κB pathway inhibitor suppressed both IL-6 and IL-8 expression (P < 0.05), whereas inhibitors of the MAPK pathway (SB203580 and SP600125) did not. In LTA-treated hOBs, AZA significantly increased the expression levels of TRAF6 and MyD88 (P < 0.05). AZA induced MyD88 promoter hypomethylation but did not affect TRAF6 methylation. CONCLUSION AZA regulated the LTA-induced inflammatory response through the NF-κB signal pathway in hOBs. This study highlights the important role of DNA methylation in the immunity defence of odontoblasts during the dental pulp immunity response to caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Stomatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Q Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Larionova D, Lesot H, Huysseune A. Miniaturization: How many cells are needed to build a tooth? Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1021-1035. [PMID: 33452709 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organs that develop early in life, and are replaced by a larger version as the animal grows, often represent a miniature version of the adult organ. Teeth constituting the first functional dentition in small-sized teleost fish, such as medaka (Oryzias latipes), are examples of such miniature organs. With a dentin cone as small as the size of one human cell, or even smaller, these teeth raise the question how many dentin-producing cells (odontoblasts) are required to build such a tooth, and whether this number can be as little as one. RESULTS Based on detailed observations with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and TEM-based 3D-reconstructions, we show that only one mesenchymal cell qualifies as a true odontoblast. A second mesenchymal cell potentially participates in dentin formation, but only at a late stage of tooth development. Moreover, the fate of these cells appears to be specified very early during tooth development. CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate that in this system, one single odontoblast fulfills roles normally exerted by a large and communicating cell population. First-generation teeth in medaka thus provide an exciting model to study integration of multiple functions into a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Larionova
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hervé Lesot
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Yin J, Xu J, Cheng R, Shao M, Qin Y, Yang H, Hu T. Role of connexin 43 in odontoblastic differentiation and structural maintenance in pulp damage repair. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:1. [PMID: 33414369 PMCID: PMC7791050 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp can initiate its damage repair after an injury of the pulp–dentin complex by rearrangement of odontoblasts and formation of newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is one of the gap junction proteins that participates in multiple tissue repair processes. However, the role of Cx43 in the repair of the dental pulp remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the function of Cx43 in the odontoblast arrangement patterns and odontoblastic differentiation. Human teeth for in vitro experiments were acquired, and a pulp injury model in Sprague-Dawley rats was used for in vivo analysis. The odontoblast arrangement pattern and the expression of Cx43 and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) were assessed. To investigate the function of Cx43 in odontoblastic differentiation, we overexpressed or inhibited Cx43. The results indicated that polarized odontoblasts were arranged along the pulp–dentin interface and had high levels of Cx43 expression in the healthy teeth; however, the odontoblast arrangement pattern was slightly changed concomitant to an increase in the Cx43 expression in the carious teeth. Regularly arranged odontoblast-like cells had high levels of the Cx43 expression during the formation of mature dentin, but the odontoblast-like cells were not regularly arranged beneath immature osteodentin in the pulp injury models. Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that Cx43 is upregulated during odontoblastic differentiation of the dental pulp cells, and inhibition or overexpression of Cx43 influence the odontoblastic differentiation. Thus, Cx43 may be involved in the maintenance of odontoblast arrangement patterns, and influence the pulp repair outcomes by the regulation of odontoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiying Shao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuandong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhan Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Pei F, Chen Z. HDAC6 Regulates the Fusion of Autophagosome and Lysosome to Involve in Odontoblast Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:605609. [PMID: 33330506 PMCID: PMC7732691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblast differentiation is an important process during tooth development in which pre-odontoblasts undergo elongation, polarization, and finally become mature secretory odontoblasts. Many factors have been found to regulate the process, and our previous studies demonstrated that autophagy plays an important role in tooth development and promotes odontoblastic differentiation in an inflammatory environment. However, it remains unclear how autophagy is modulated during odontoblast differentiation. In this study, we found that HDAC6 was involved in odontoblast differentiation. The odontoblastic differentiation capacity of human dental papilla cells was impaired upon HDAC6 inhibition. Moreover, we found that HDAC6 and autophagy exhibited similar expression patterns during odontoblast differentiation both in vivo and in vitro; the expression of HDAC6 and the autophagy related proteins ATG5 and LC3 increased as differentiation progressed. Upon knockdown of HDAC6, LC3 puncta were increased in cytoplasm and the autophagy substrate P62 was also increased, suggesting that autophagic flux was affected in human dental papilla cells. Next, we determined the mechanism during odontoblastic differentiation and found that the HDAC6 substrate acetylated-Tubulin was up-regulated when HDAC6 was knocked down, and LAMP2, LC3, and P62 protein levels were increased; however, the levels of ATG5 and Beclin1 showed no obvious change. Autophagosomes accumulated while the number of autolysosomes was decreased as determined by mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid labeling. This suggested that the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes was blocked, thus affecting the autophagic process during odontoblast differentiation. In conclusion, HDAC6 regulates the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes during odontoblast differentiation. When HDAC6 is inhibited, autophagosomes can't fuse with lysosomes, autophagy activity is decreased, and it leads to down-regulation of odontoblastic differentiation capacity. This provides a new perspective on the role of autophagy in odontoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haisheng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Pei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Maeda H. Aging and Senescence of Dental Pulp and Hard Tissues of the Tooth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:605996. [PMID: 33330507 PMCID: PMC7734349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to consume a meal using one's own teeth influences an individual's quality of life. In today's global aging society, studying the biological changes in aging teeth is important to address this issue. A tooth includes three hard tissues (enamel, dentin, and cementum) and a soft tissue (dental pulp). With advancing age, these tissues become senescent; each tissue exhibits a unique senescent pattern. This review discusses the structural alterations of hard tissues, as well as the molecular and physiological changes in dental pulp cells and dental pulp stem cells during human aging. The significance of senescence in these cells remains unclear. Thus, there is a need to define the regulatory mechanisms of aging and senescence in these cells to aid in preservation of dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Autophagy-Related Protein MAP1LC3C Plays a Crucial Role in Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 18:265-277. [PMID: 33230801 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays important roles in odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs) in the developmental stage of tooth bud. Few studies have reported the role of autophagy during reparative dentin formation process. The objective of this study was to discover gene expression pattern correlated to autophagy and their role during odontogenic differentiation process in DPCs. METHODS After tooth cavities were prepared on the mesial surface of lower first molar crown of rats. Odontogenic differentiation and reparative dentin formation were assessed based on detection of morphology change with hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS After tooth cavities were prepared on the mesial surface of lower first molar crown of rats, odontogenic differentiation and reparative dentin formation were assessed based on detection of morphology change with hematoxylin and eosin staining and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), whereas autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) reversed. Results of quantitative polymerized chain reaction array of autophagosome formation related genes revealed that GABARAPL2 was prominently upregulated while expression of other ATG8 family members were moderately increased after tooth cavity preparation. In addition, human DPCs incubated in differentiation medium predominantly upregulated MAP1LC3C, which selectively decreased by 3MA but not by autophagy enhancer trehalose. Knock-down of MAP1LC3C using shRNA resulted in strong downregulation of dentin matrix protein 1 and DSPP as well-known odontogenic marker compared to knock-down of MAP1LC3B during odontogenic differentiation process of human DPCs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MAP1LC3C plays a crucial role in odontogenic differentiation of human DPCs via regulating autophagic flux.
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