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Zhang X, Zhou S, Zhan Y, Mei Z, Qian A, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Fu T, Ma S, Li J. Molecular insights into the proteomic composition of porcine treated dentin matrix. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100990. [PMID: 38371466 PMCID: PMC10873736 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human-treated dentin matrix (hTDM) has recently been studied as a natural extracellular matrix-based biomaterial for dentin pulp regeneration. However, porcine-treated dentin matrix (pTDM) is a potential alternative scaffold due to limited availability. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the protein composition and underlying molecular mechanisms of pTDM.Methods: hTDM and pTDM were fabricated using human and porcine teeth, respectively, and their morphological characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation assays. SHEDs were cultured in three-dimensional environments with hTDM, pTDM, or biphasic hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate. The expression of odontogenesis markers in SHEDs were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunochemical staining. Subsequently, SHEDs/TDM and SHEDs/HA/TCP complexes were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. The protein composition of pTDM was analyzed using proteomics and compared to previously published data on hTDM.Results: pTDM and hTDM elicited comparable upregulation of odontogenesis-related genes and proteins in SHEDs. Furthermore, both demonstrated the capacity to stimulate root-related tissue regeneration in vivo. Proteomic analysis revealed the presence of 278 protein groups in pTDM, with collagens being the most abundant. Additionally, pTDM and hTDM shared 58 identical proteins, which may contribute to their similar abilities to induce odontogenesis. Conclusions Both hTDM and pTDM exhibit comparable capabilities in inducing odontogenesis, potentially owing to their distinctive bioactive molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyi Mei
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aizhuo Qian
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiwei Fu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Ma
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, The Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yoshida K, Suzuki S, Yuan H, Sato A, Hirata-Tsuchiya S, Saito M, Yamada S, Shiba H. Public RNA-seq data-based identification and functional analyses reveal that MXRA5 retains proliferative and migratory abilities of dental pulp stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15574. [PMID: 37730838 PMCID: PMC10511426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) usually remain quiescent in the dental pulp tissue; however, once the dental pulp tissue is injured, DPSCs potently proliferate and migrate into the injury microenvironment and contribute to immuno-modulation and tissue repair. However, the key molecules that physiologically support the potent proliferation and migration of DPSCs have not been revealed. In this study, we searched publicly available transcriptome raw data sets, which contain comparable (i.e., equivalently cultured) DPSC and mesenchymal stem cell data. Three data sets were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and then processed and analyzed. MXRA5 was identified as the predominant DPSC-enriched gene associated with the extracellular matrix. MXRA5 is detected in human dental pulp tissues. Loss of MXRA5 drastically decreases the proliferation and migration of DSPCs, concomitantly with reduced expression of the genes associated with the cell cycle and microtubules. In addition to the known full-length isoform of MXRA5, a novel splice variant of MXRA5 was cloned in DPSCs. Recombinant MXRA5 coded by the novel splice variant potently induced the haptotaxis migration of DPSCs, which was inhibited by microtubule inhibitors. Collectively, MXRA5 is a key extracellular matrix protein in dental pulp tissue for maintaining the proliferation and migration of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Yoshida
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shizu Hirata-Tsuchiya
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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Saito H, Chiba-Ohkuma R, Yamakoshi Y, Karakida T, Yamamoto R, Shirai M, Ohkubo C. Characterization of bioactive substances involved in the induction of bone augmentation using demineralized bone sheets. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:49. [PMID: 36316596 PMCID: PMC9622973 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the bone augmentation ability of demineralized bone sheets mixed with allogeneic bone with protein fractions containing bioactive substances and the interaction between coexisting bioactive substances and proteins. METHODS Four types of demineralized bone sheets mixed with allogeneic bone in the presence or absence of bone proteins were created. Transplantation experiments using each demineralized bone sheet were performed in rats, and their ability to induce bone augmentation was analysed by microcomputed tomography images. Bioactive substances in bone proteins were isolated by heparin affinity chromatography and detected by the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity in human periodontal ligament cells and dual luciferase assays. Noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) coexisting with the bioactive substances were identified by mass spectrometry, and their interaction with bioactive substances was investigated by in vitro binding experiments. RESULTS Demineralized bone sheets containing bone proteins possessed the ability to induce bone augmentation. Bone proteins were isolated into five fractions by heparin affinity chromatography, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was detected in the third fraction (Hep-c). Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), and biglycan (BGN) also coexisted in Hep-c, and the binding of these proteins to TGF-β increased TGF-β activity by approximately 14.7% to 32.7%. CONCLUSIONS Demineralized bone sheets are capable of inducing bone augmentation, and this ability is mainly due to TGF-β in the bone protein mixed with the sheets. The activity of TGF-β is maintained when binding to bone NCPs such as DMP1, MEPE, and BGN in the sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Saito
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Risako Chiba-Ohkuma
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Takeo Karakida
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamamoto
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Mai Shirai
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Chikahiro Ohkubo
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
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Nováková S, Danchenko M, Okajčeková T, Baranovičová E, Kováč A, Grendár M, Beke G, Pálešová J, Strnádel J, Janíčková M, Halašová E, Škovierová H. Comparative Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Human Osteoblasts, Differentiated from Dental Pulp Stem Cells, Hinted Crucial Signaling Pathways Promoting Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157908. [PMID: 34360674 PMCID: PMC8347416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging has been a global trend for the last decades, which increases the pressure to develop new cell-based or drug-based therapies, including those that may cure bone diseases. To understand molecular processes that underlie bone development and turnover, we followed osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) using a specific induction medium. The differentiation process imitating in vivo osteogenesis is triggered by various signaling pathways and is associated with massive proteome and metabolome changes. Proteome was profiled by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and comprehensively quantified by ion mobility-enhanced mass spectrometry. From 2667 reproducibly quantified and identified proteins, 432 were differentially abundant by strict statistic criteria. Metabolome profiling was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance. From 27 detected metabolites, 8 were differentially accumulated. KEGG and MetaboAnalyst hinted metabolic pathways that may be involved in the osteogenic process. Enrichment analysis of differentially abundant proteins highlighted PPAR, FoxO, JAK-STAT, IL-17 signaling pathways, biosynthesis of thyroid hormones and steroids, mineral absorption, and fatty acid metabolism as processes with prominent impact on osteoinduction. In parallel, metabolomic data showed that aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, as well as specific amino acids, likely promote osteodifferentiation. Targeted immunoassays validated and complemented omic results. Our data underlined the complexity of the osteogenic mechanism. Finally, we proposed promising targets for future validation in patient samples, a step toward the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavomíra Nováková
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (H.Š.); Tel.: +421-43-2633-904 (S.N.); +421-43-2633-904 (H.Š.)
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Terézia Okajčeková
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Andrej Kováč
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Marián Grendár
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Gábor Beke
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Janka Pálešová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Ján Strnádel
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Mária Janíčková
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital in Martin and JFM CU, Kollárova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Erika Halašová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Škovierová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (H.Š.); Tel.: +421-43-2633-904 (S.N.); +421-43-2633-904 (H.Š.)
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Takabatake K, Tsujigiwa H, Nakano K, Inada Y, Qiusheng S, Kawai H, Sukegawa S, Fushimi S, Nagatsuka H. Geometrical Structure of Honeycomb TCP to Control Dental Pulp-Derived Cell Differentiation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225155. [PMID: 33207665 PMCID: PMC7696394 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, dental pulp has been attracting attention as a promising source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for various clinical applications of regeneration fields. To date, we have succeeded in establishing rat dental pulp-derived cells showing the characteristics of odontoblasts under in vitro conditions. We named them Tooth matrix-forming, GFP rat-derived Cells (TGC). However, though TGC form massive dentin-like hard tissues under in vivo conditions, this does not lead to the induction of polar odontoblasts. Focusing on the importance of the geometrical structure of an artificial biomaterial to induce cell differentiation and hard tissue formation, we previously have succeeded in developing a new biomaterial, honeycomb tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffold with through-holes of various diameters. In this study, to induce polar odontoblasts, TGC were induced to form odontoblasts using honeycomb TCP that had various hole diameters (75, 300, and 500 μm) as a scaffold. The results showed that honeycomb TCP with 300-μm hole diameters (300TCP) differentiated TGC into polar odontoblasts that were DSP positive. Therefore, our study indicates that 300TCP is an appropriate artificial biomaterial for dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (Y.I.); (S.Q.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (S.F.); (H.N.)
| | - Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (Y.I.); (S.Q.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (S.F.); (H.N.)
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (Y.I.); (S.Q.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (S.F.); (H.N.)
| | - Yasunori Inada
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (Y.I.); (S.Q.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (S.F.); (H.N.)
| | - Shan Qiusheng
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (Y.I.); (S.Q.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (S.F.); (H.N.)
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (Y.I.); (S.Q.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (S.F.); (H.N.)
| | - Shintaro Sukegawa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (Y.I.); (S.Q.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (S.F.); (H.N.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa 760-0065, Japan
| | - Shigeko Fushimi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (Y.I.); (S.Q.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (S.F.); (H.N.)
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (Y.I.); (S.Q.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (S.F.); (H.N.)
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Yamashita M, Nomura Y, Ishikawa M, Shimoda S, Hanada N. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Promotes In Vitro Calcification. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225120. [PMID: 33202824 PMCID: PMC7697660 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcification plays an important role in the human body in maintaining homeostasis. In the human body, the presence of a high amount of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a consistent feature of the local areas that are common sites of ectopic calcification, namely dental calculus, renal calculus, and the areas affected by arteriosclerosis. Hence, ox-LDL may have some effect on calcification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation revealed a high amount of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) when ox-LDL was included in the solution. In the in vitro experiment, the highest amount of precipitation of calcium phosphate was observed in the solution containing ox-LDL compared to the inclusion of other biomaterials and was 4.2 times higher than that of deionized water for 4.86 mM calcium and 2.71 mM phosphate. The morphology of calcium phosphate precipitates in the solution containing ox-LDL differed from that of the precipitates in solutions containing other biomaterials, as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Through the time course observation of the sediments using TEM, it was observed that the sediments changed from spherical or oval shape to a thin film shape. These results indicate that sediments acquired a long-range order array, and the phase transitioned from non-crystalline to crystalline with an increased time and density of ACP. Thus, it is concluded that ox-LDL promoted ACP precipitation and it plays an important role in ectopic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Yamashita
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (M.Y.); (N.H.)
| | - Yoshiaki Nomura
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (M.Y.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (M.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (M.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Nobuhiro Hanada
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (M.Y.); (N.H.)
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Omi M, Kulkarni AK, Raichur A, Fox M, Uptergrove A, Zhang H, Mishina Y. BMP-Smad Signaling Regulates Postnatal Crown Dentinogenesis in Mouse Molar. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10249. [PMID: 32149267 PMCID: PMC7017888 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentinogenesis, a formation of dentin by odontoblasts, is an essential process during tooth development. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are one of the most crucial growth factors that contribute to dentin formation. However, it is still unclear how BMP signaling pathways regulate postnatal crown and root dentinogenesis. BMPs transduce signals through canonical Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways including p38 and ERK signaling pathways. To investigate the roles of Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways in dentinogenesis, we conditionally deleted Bmpr1a, which encodes the type 1A receptor for BMPs, to remove both Smad and non-Smad pathways in Osterix-expressing cells. We also expressed a constitutively activated form of Bmpr1a (caBmpr1a) to increase Smad1/5/9 signaling activity without altered non-Smad activity in odontoblasts. To understand the function of BMP signaling during postnatal dentin formation, Cre activity was induced at the day of birth. Our results showed that loss of BmpR1A in odontoblasts resulted in impaired dentin formation and short molar roots at postnatal day 21. Bmpr1a cKO mice displayed a reduction of dentin matrix production compared to controls associated with increased cell proliferation and reduced Osx and Dspp expression. In contrast, caBmpr1a mutant mice that show increased Smad1/5/9 signaling activity resulted in no overt tooth phenotype. To further dissect the functions of each signaling activity, we generated Bmpr1a cKO mice also expressing caBmpr1a to restore only Smad1/5/9 signaling activity. Restoring Smad activity in the compound mutant mice rescued impaired crown dentin formation in the Bmpr1a cKO mice; however, impaired root dentin formation and short roots were not changed. These results suggest that BMP-Smad signaling in odontoblasts is responsible for crown dentin formation, while non-Smad signaling may play a major role in root dentin formation and elongation. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Anshul K Kulkarni
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Anagha Raichur
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Mason Fox
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Amber Uptergrove
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
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Nakanishi J, Suzuki S, Yoshida K, Hirata-Tsuchiya S, Haruyama N, Yamada S, Shiba H. Dentin phosphoprotein inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage activation independent of its serine/aspartic acid-rich repeats. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104634. [PMID: 31855746 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses of macrophages in vitro. DESIGN Wildtype and mutant recombinant dentin phosphoprotein (rDPP) proteins were generated using a mammalian expression system. Macrophages, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-differentiated THP-1 cells, were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in the absence or presence of rDPP proteins. After the 24-hr incubation, the inflammatory gene expression levels were examined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and the amount of secreted TNF-α protein was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the subcellular localization of exogenously added rDPP was examined by immunocytochemistry, and the direct binding of rDPP to lipopolysaccharide was quantified by solid-phase binding assay. RESULTS rDPP dose-dependently reduced the expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory genes, such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-8, and TNF-α protein secretion from the macrophages. Furthermore, mutant rDPP having a shortened serine/aspartic acid-rich repeats (SDrr) was also able to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses of macrophages. rDPP was localized adjacent to the cellular membrane rather than in the cytoplasm, and rDPP was able to bind to lipopolysaccharide. These results suggested that rDPP inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses by binding to lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the well-known functions of DPP for dentin mineralization that depend on the SDrr, we demonstrated that DPP possesses anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages that are independent of the SDrr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakanishi
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Kazuma Yoshida
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shizu Hirata-Tsuchiya
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Naoto Haruyama
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-5852, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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Protein S100-A7 Derived from Digested Dentin Is a Critical Molecule for Dentin Pulp Regeneration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091002. [PMID: 31470634 PMCID: PMC6769619 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin consists of inorganic hard tissue and organic dentin matrix components (DMCs). Various kinds of bioactive molecules are included in DMCs and some of them can be released after digestion by endogenous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the caries region. Digested DMCs induced by MMP20 have been reported to promote pulpal wound healing processes, but the released critical molecules responsible for this phenomenon are unclear. Here, we identified protein S100-A7 as a critical molecule for pulpal healing in digested DMCs by comprehensive proteomic approaches and following pulp capping experiments in rat molars. In addition, immunohistochemical results indicated the specific distribution of S100-A7 and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) as receptor for S100-A7 in the early stage of the pulpal healing process, and following accumulation of CD146-positive stem cells in wounded pulp. Our findings indicate that protein S100-A7 released from dentin by MMP20 might play a key role in dentin pulp regeneration.
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Lu J, Li Z, Wu X, Chen Y, Yan M, Ge X, Yu J. iRoot BP Plus promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via MAPK pathways and autophagy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:222. [PMID: 31358050 PMCID: PMC6664598 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND iRoot BP Plus is a novel bioceramic endodontic material. Recently, it has been considered as an alternative to MTA which is the most popular scaffold cover during regenerative endodontic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of iRoot BP Plus on the osteo/odontogenic capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), including the underlying mechanisms. METHODS BMMSCs were collected by a whole marrow method and treated with iRoot BP Plus-conditioned medium (BP-CM). The proliferation ability was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 and flow cytometry. Complete medium was used as a blank control, and 2 mg/ml MTA-conditioned medium was served as a positive control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining, western blot, real-time RT-PCR, Alizarin Red S staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to explore the osteo/odontogenic potential and the involvement of MAPK pathways. Besides, autophagy was investigated by western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehan Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. .,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Tang J, Saito T. Laminin-1 acts as an adhesive for odontoblast-like cells and promotes their differentiation toward a hard tissue-forming phenotype. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:253-261. [PMID: 29657251 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of laminin-1 (LN-1 or LN-111) on an odontoblast-like cell line, MDPC-23. Wells of non-treated polystyrene plates were coated with various concentrations of LN-1 (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) and left to dry for 2 days. Water-coated surfaces were used as controls. MDPC-23 cell proliferation, differentiation and mineralization were evaluated in terms of the CCK-8 assay, ALP activity, real-time RT-PCR and Alizarin red staining. The data indicated that LN-1 promoted the proliferation of MDPC-23 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, it enhanced ALP activity and expression of key odontogenic genes (DMP-1 and DSPP) upon addition of mineralization reagents, leading to significant promotion of calcification by the cells. These results demonstrate that LN-1 acts as an adhesive for odontoblast-like cells, allowing up-regulation of odontogenic genes and accelerating matrix mineralization. In the context of the present study, the optimal LN-1 coating concentration for MDPC-23 cells was suggested to be 100 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is critical for cell proliferation and differentiation in dental pulp. Here, we show the dynamic mechanisms of TGF-β in porcine dental pulp, odontoblasts and dentin. The mRNA of latent TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 is predominantly expressed in odontoblasts, whereas the mRNA expression level of latent TGF-β2 is high in dental pulp. TGF-β1 is a major isoform of TGF-β, and latent TGF-β1, synthesized in dental pulp, is primarily activated by matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11). Activated TGF-β1 enhances the mRNA expression levels of MMP20 and full-length dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in dental pulp cells, coinciding with the induction of odontoblast differentiation. Latent TGF-β1 synthesized in odontoblasts is primarily activated by MMP2 and MMP20 in both odontoblasts and dentin. The activity level of TGF-β1 was reduced in the dentin of MMP20 null mice, although the amount of latent TGF-β1 expression did not change between wild-type and MMP20 null mice. TGF-β1 activity was reduced with the degradation of DSPP-derived proteins that occurs with ageing. We propose that to exert its multiple biological functions, TGF-β1 is involved in a complicated dynamic interaction with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and/or DSPP-derived proteins present in dental pulp, odontoblasts and dentin.
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Effect of Bacterial Biofilm on the Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells of Apical Papilla. J Endod 2017; 43:916-922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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TGF-β and Physiological Root Resorption of Deciduous Teeth. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010049. [PMID: 28035998 PMCID: PMC5297684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to examine how transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in root-surrounding tissues on deciduous teeth regulates the differentiation induction into odontoclasts during physiological root resorption. We prepared root-surrounding tissues with (R) or without (N) physiological root resorption scraped off at three regions (R1–R3 or N1–N3) from the cervical area to the apical area of the tooth and measured both TGF-β and the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities. The TGF-β activity level was increased in N1–N3, whereas the TRAP activity was increased in R2 and R3. In vitro experiments for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation revealed that proteins from N1–N3 and R1–R3 enhanced the TRAP activity in RAW264 cells. A genetic study indicated that the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 in N1 and N2 were significantly increased, and corresponded with levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG). In contrast, the expression level of RANKL was increased in R2 and R3. Our findings suggest that TGF-β is closely related to the regulation of OPG induction and RANKL-mediated odontoclast differentiation depending on the timing of RANKL and OPG mRNA expression in the root-surrounding tissues of deciduous teeth during physiological root resorption.
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15
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Yamamoto R, Yamakoshi Y. Dentin sialophosphoprotein-derived proteins in porcine pulp and dentin - Gene expression and function. J Oral Biosci 2016; 58:120-127. [PMID: 32512680 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in dentin and is critical for the proper mineralization of tooth dentin. DSPP is processed by proteases into three major domains: dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). Two mRNA variants are expressed from the Dspp gene. The larger transcript encodes full-length DSPP (DSP+DGP+DPP). The shorter transcript encodes only DSP. HIGHLIGHT We fractionated DSPP-derived proteins from the dental pulp of developing porcine incisors using heparin chromatography. DSP was identified, but little DPP could be detected in any fraction. Expression of full-length Dspp mRNA, determined by qPCR analysis, was significantly higher in odontoblasts than in pulp. Expression of DSP-only mRNA was almost equal in odontoblasts and in the body of pulp. Expression of full-length Dspp mRNA was also significantly higher than expression of DSP-only mRNA in odontoblasts. Both the full-length and DSP-only Dspp mRNA showed only trace expression in the pulp tip. We purified TGF-β1-unbound or -bound to DPP and DSP using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and measured its alkaline phosphatase stimulating activity in human periodontal cells with or without TGF-β receptor inhibitor. We also incubated carrier-free human recombinant TGF-β1 (CF-hTGF-β1) protein with TGF-β1-unbound DPP or DSP and characterized binding ability. CONCLUSION DSP-only is expressed throughout odontoblast differentiation, while full-length DSPP is predominantly expressed by odontoblasts only after they have differentiated from mesenchymal cells. DPP and DSP rescued the loss of TGF-β1 activity. Type I collagen was infrequently bound to CF-hTGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
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Dentin sialophosphoprotein is a potentially latent bioactive protein in dentin. J Oral Biosci 2016; 58:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Shirai M, Yamamoto R, Chiba T, Komatsu K, Shimoda S, Yamakoshi Y, Oida S, Ohkubo C. Bone augmentation around a dental implant using demineralized bone sheet containing biologically active substances. Dent Mater J 2016; 35:470-8. [PMID: 27252004 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the volume of alveolar bone augmentation after immediate implant placement using demineralized bone. We examined the collagen matrix of demineralized bone and biologically active substances contained therein. Rat maxillary first molars were extracted, and the animals were divided into five groups as follows: tooth extraction only, implant into the mesial root socket, implant and other root sockets covered with demineralized bone sheet, implant and other root sockets filled with demineralized bone powder under the sheet, and implant and other root sockets covered with demineralized bone sheet from which proteins were extracted. We ascertained whether biologically active substances are contained in extracted proteins. Biologically active substances were detected in extracted proteins. Conditions using demineralized bone sheet with biologically active substances significantly augmented the height of the alveolar bone. Such resorbable membranes containing biologically active substances hold promise as clinical agents for bone augmentation upon implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Shirai
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
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Ahn Y, Kim T, Choi H, Bae C, Yang Y, Baek J, Lee J, Cho E. Disruption of Tgfbr2 in Odontoblasts Leads to Aberrant Pulp Calcification. J Dent Res 2015; 94:828-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515577427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling has been implicated in dentin formation and repair; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying dentin formation remain unclear. To address the role of TGF-β signaling in dentin formation, we analyzed odontoblast-specific Tgfbr2 conditional knockout mice. The mutant mice had aberrant teeth with thin dysplastic dentin and pulpal obliteration, similar to teeth from human patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta type II and dentin dysplasia. In mutant, the odontoblasts lost their cellular polarity, and matrix secretion was disrupted after mantle dentin formation. As a consequence, the amount of predentin decreased significantly, and an ectopic fibrous matrix was formed below the odontoblast layer. This matrix gradually calcified and obliterated the pulp chamber with increasing age. Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of alkaline phosphatase in mutant odontoblasts. In mutant dentin, Dsp expression was reduced, but Dmp1 expression increased significantly. Collagen type I, biglycan, and Dsp were expressed in the ectopic matrix. These results suggest that loss of responsiveness to TGF-β in odontoblasts results in impaired matrix formation and pulpal obliteration. Our study indicates that TGF-β signaling plays an important role in dentin formation and pulp protection. Furthermore, our findings may provide new insight into possible mechanisms underlying human hereditary dentin disorders and reparative dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.H. Ahn
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - T.H. Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - H. Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - C.H. Bae
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Y.M. Yang
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J.A. Baek
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J.C. Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - E.S. Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
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