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Ding T, Xiao Y, Saiding Q, Li X, Chen G, Zhang T, Ma J, Cui W. Capture and Storage of Cell-Free DNA via Bio-Informational Hydrogel Microspheres. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403557. [PMID: 38881489 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Excessive cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can induce chronic inflammation by activating intracellular nucleic acid sensors. Intervention in cfDNA-mediated "pro-inflammatory signaling transduction" could be a potential alleviating strategy for chronic inflammation, such as in diabetic wounds. However, effectively and specifically downgrading cfDNA concentration in the pathological microenvironment remains a challenge. Therefore, this work prepares free-standing polydopamine nanosheets through DNA-guided assembly and loaded them into microfluidic hydrogel microspheres. The π─π stacking/hydrogen bonding interactions between polydopamine nanosheets and the π-rich bases of cfDNA, along with the cage-like spatial confinement created by the hydrogel polymer network, achieved cfDNA capture and storage, respectively. Catechol in polydopamine nanosheets can also assist in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Efficient cfDNA binding independent of serum proteins, specific interdiction of abnormal activation of cfDNA-associated toll-like receptor 9, as well as down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and ROS levels are shown in this system. The chronic inflammation alleviating and the pro-healing effects on the mice model with diabetic wounds are also investigated. This work presents a new strategy for capturing and storing cfDNA to intervene in cell signaling transduction. It also offers new insights into the regulatory mechanisms between inflammatory mediators and biomaterials in inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Yongqiang Xiao
- ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Ma
- ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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Xiao Y, Fang H, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Dai Z, Wang H, Xia Z, Tu Z, Leong KW. Multifunctional Cationic Hyperbranched Polyaminoglycosides that Target Multiple Mediators for Severe Abdominal Trauma Management. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305273. [PMID: 37997512 PMCID: PMC10767409 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Trauma and its associated complications, including dysregulated inflammatory responses, severe infection, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), continue to pose lethal threats worldwide. Following injury, cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), categorized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are released from dying or dead cells, triggering local and systemic inflammatory responses and coagulation abnormalities that worsen disease progression. Harnessing cfNA scavenging strategies with biomaterials has emerged as a promising approach for treating posttrauma systemic inflammation. In this study, the effectiveness of cationic hyperbranched polyaminoglycosides derived from tobramycin (HPT) and disulfide-included HPT (ss-HPT) in scavenging cfNAs to mitigate posttrauma inflammation and hypercoagulation is investigated. Both cationic polymers demonstrate the ability to suppress DAMP-induced toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and hypercoagulation by efficiently scavenging cfNAs. Additionally, HPT and ss-HPT exhibit potent antibacterial efficacy attributed to the presence of tobramycin in their chemical composition. Furthermore, HPT and ss-HPT exhibit favorable modulatory effects on inflammation and therapeutic outcomes in a cecal ligation puncture (CLP) mouse abdominal trauma model. Notably, in vivo studies reveal that ss-HPT displayed high accumulation and retention in injured organs of traumatized mice while maintaining a higher biodegradation rate in healthy mice, contrasting with findings for HPT. Thus, functionalized ss-HPT, a bioreducible polyaminoglycoside, holds promise as an effective option to enhance therapeutic outcomes for trauma patients by alleviating posttrauma inflammation and coagulation complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Xiao
- Department of Burn Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
- ENT InstituteDepartment of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryEye & ENT HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200031P. R. China
| | - He Fang
- Department of Burn Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Zhu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Breast SurgeryAffiliated Cancer Hospital and InstituteGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510095P. R. China
| | - Zhanzhan Dai
- Department of Burn Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Zhaofan Xia
- Department of Burn Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxu Tu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
- The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
- Department of Systems BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA
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Gonzalez OA, Kirakodu SS, Ebersole JL. DAMPs and alarmin gene expression patterns in aging healthy and diseased mucosal tissues. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1320083. [PMID: 38098978 PMCID: PMC10720672 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1320083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is delineated by a dysbiotic microbiome at sites of lesions accompanied by a dysregulated persistent inflammatory response that undermines the integrity of the periodontium. The interplay of the altered microbial ecology and warning signals from host cells would be a critical feature for maintaining or re-establishing homeostasis in these tissues. Methods This study used a nonhuman primate model (Macaca mulatta) with naturally-occurring periodontitis (n = 34) and experimental ligature-induced periodontitis (n = 36) to describe the features of gene expression for an array of damage-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs) or alarmins within the gingival tissues. The animals were age stratified into: ≤3 years (Young), 7-12 years (Adolescent), 12-15 years (Adult) and 17-23 years (Aged). Gingival tissue biopsies were examined via microarray. The analysis focused on 51 genes representative of the DAMPs/alarmins family of host cell warning factors and 18 genes associated with tissue destructive processed in the gingival tissues. Bacterial plaque samples were collected by curette sampling and 16S rRNA gene sequences used to describe the oral microbiome. Results A subset of DAMPs/alarmins were expressed in healthy and naturally-occurring periodontitis tissues in the animals and suggested local effects on gingival tissues leading to altered levels of DAMPs/alarmins related to age and disease. Significant differences from adult healthy levels were most frequently observed in the young and adolescent animals with few representatives in this gene array altered in the healthy aged gingival tissues. Of the 51 target genes, only approximately ⅓ were altered by ≥1.5-fold in any of the age groups of animals during disease, with those increases observed during disease initiation. Distinctive positive and negative correlations were noted with the DAMP/alarmin gene levels and comparative expression changes of tissue destructive molecules during disease across the age groups. Finally, specific correlations of DAMP/alarmin genes and relative abundance of particular microbes were observed in health and resolution samples in younger animals, while increased correlations during disease in the older groups were noted. Conclusions Thus, using this human-like preclinical model of induced periodontitis, we demonstrated the dynamics of the activation of the DAMP/alarmin warning system in the gingival tissues that showed some specific differences based on age.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - S. S. Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - J. L. Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Wielento A, Lagosz-Cwik K, Potempa J, Grabiec A. The Role of Gingival Fibroblasts in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:489-496. [PMID: 36883660 PMCID: PMC10249005 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231151921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) are essential components of the periodontium, which are responsible for the maintenance of tissue structure and integrity. However, the physiological role of GFs is not restricted to the production and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. GFs also act as sentinel cells that modulate the immune response to oral pathogens invading the gingival tissue. As an important "nonclassical" component of the innate immune system, GFs respond to bacteria and damage-related signals by producing cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. Although the activation of GFs supports the elimination of invading bacteria and the resolution of inflammation, their uncontrolled or excessive activation may promote inflammation and bone destruction. This occurs in periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium initiated and sustained by dysbiosis. In the inflamed gingival tissue, GFs acquire imprinted proinflammatory phenotypes that promote the growth of inflammophilic pathogens, stimulate osteoclastogenesis, and contribute to the chronicity of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of GFs in healthy and inflamed gingival tissue, highlighting recent studies that provide insight into their role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. We also draw parallels with the recently discovered fibroblast populations identified in other tissues and their roles in health and disease. This knowledge should be used in future studies to discover more about the role of GFs in periodontal diseases, especially chronic periodontitis, and to identify therapeutic strategies targeting their pathological interactions with oral pathogens and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wielento
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - K.B. Lagosz-Cwik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - J. Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A.M. Grabiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Kato H, Ohta K, Akagi M, Fukada S, Sakuma M, Naruse T, Nishi H, Shigeishi H, Takechi M, Aikawa T. LL-37-dsRNA Complexes Modulate Immune Response via RIG-I in Oral Keratinocytes. Inflammation 2023; 46:808-823. [PMID: 36763254 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of nucleic acids as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promotes an inflammatory response. On the other hand, LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, is a multifunctional modulator of immune response, though whether it modulates inflammatory responses induced by nucleic acids in oral keratinocytes is unknown. In this study, we firstly investigated the effect of LL-37 on CXCL10 induced by DAMPs and PAMPs in immortalized oral keratinocytes, RT7. Furthermore, the effects of LL-37 on translocation of exogenous nucleic acids into cytoplasm as well as cytosolic receptor, RIG-I on immune responses mediated by LL-37-nucleic acid complexes were examined. From these results, LL-37 enhanced necrotic cell supernatant (NCS)-induced CXCL10 expression in RT7, while the response was decreased by RNase. Complexes of LL-37 and double-stranded (ds) RNA, Poly(I:C) enhanced CXCL10 expression in comparison with each alone, which were associated with NF-κB activation. Furthermore, LL-37 was shown to bind with ds nucleotides and translocate into cytoplasm. Knockdown of RIG-I decreased expression of CXCL10 induced by LL-37-Poly(I:C) complexes, and RIG-I were co-localized with Poly(I:C) entered by LL-37 in cytoplasm. LL-37 modulates dsRNA-mediated inflammatory response via RIG-I in oral keratinocytes, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Centerand, Chugoku Cancer Center , 3-1 Aoyama-Cho, Kure, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Misaki Akagi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shohei Fukada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takako Naruse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishi
- Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Centerand, Chugoku Cancer Center , 3-1 Aoyama-Cho, Kure, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Tomonao Aikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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Innate Immune Sensing of Nucleic Acid in Endodontic Infection. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1335-1346. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shikama Y, Kurosawa M, Furukawa M, Kudo Y, Ishimaru N, Matsushita K. The Priming Potential of Interferon Lambda-1 for Antiviral Defense in the Oral Mucosa. Inflammation 2022; 45:1348-1361. [PMID: 35044570 PMCID: PMC8767043 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oral mucosa is one of the first lines of the innate host defense system against microbial invasion. Interferon (IFN) lambda-1 (IFN-λ1), a type III IFN, exhibits type I IFN-like antiviral activity. In contrast to ubiquitously expressed type I IFN receptors, IFN-λ receptor 1 (IFN-λR1), which has higher affinity for type III IFNs than low-affinity interleukin (IL)-10 receptor 2, is mainly expressed on epithelial cells. Although IFN-λ1 has been shown to exert antiviral effects in the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, the regulation of type III IFN receptor expression and its functions in the oral mucosa remain unclear. We herein showed the expression of IFN-λR1 in human gingival keratinocytes. The expression of IL-6, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (a critical molecule for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection), and IL-8 in human primary gingival keratinocytes (HGK) were significantly higher following treatments with either type I IFN (IFN-β) or type II IFN (IFN-γ) than with IFN-λ1. However, the IFN-λ1 treatment strongly induced toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), which mainly recognize viral nucleic acids, via the STAT1-mediated pathway. Furthermore, a stimulation with a RIG-I or TLR3 agonist promoted the production of IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-λ in HGK, which was significantly enhanced by a pretreatment with IFN-λ1. These results suggest that IFN-λ1 may contribute to the activation of innate immune responses to oral viral infections by up-regulating the expression of RIG-I and TLR3 and priming their functions in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Shikama
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Mie Kurosawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masae Furukawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
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Thymoquinone-Mediated Modulation of Toll-like Receptors and Pluripotency Factors in Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091452. [PMID: 35563755 PMCID: PMC9101758 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), the key active component of Nigella sativa (NS), demonstrates very promising biomedical anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Several investigations have inspected the modulative activities of TQ on different stem/progenitor cell types, but its possible role in the regulation of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs) has not yet been characterized. For the first time, this study investigates the effects of TQ on G-MSCs’ stemness and Toll-like receptor expression profiles. G-MSCs (n = 5) were isolated, sorted via anti-STRO-1 antibodies and then disseminated on cell culture dishes to create colony-forming units (CFUs), and their stem/progenitor cell attributes were characterized. TQ stimulation of the G-MSCs was performed, followed by an examination of the expression of pluripotency-related factors using RT-PCR and the expression profiles of TLRs 1−10 using flowcytometry, and they were compared to a non-stimulated control group. The G-MSCs presented all the predefined stem/progenitor cells’ features. The TQ-activated G-MSCs displayed significantly higher expressions of TLR3 and NANOG with a significantly reduced expression of TLR1 (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). TQ-mediated stimulation preserves G-MSCs’ pluripotency and facilitates a cellular shift into an immunocompetent-differentiating phenotype through increased TLR3 expression. This characteristic modulation might impact the potential therapeutic applications of G-MSCs.
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Tominari T, Akita M, Matsumoto C, Hirata M, Yoshinouchi S, Tanaka Y, Karouji K, Itoh Y, Maruyama T, Miyaura C, Numabe Y, Inada M. Endosomal TLR3 signaling in stromal osteoblasts induces prostaglandin E 2-mediated inflammatory periodontal bone resorption. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101603. [PMID: 35101442 PMCID: PMC8892075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that play a critical role in innate immune diseases. TLR3, which is localized in the endosomal compartments of hematopoietic immune cells, is able to recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) derived from viruses and bacteria and thereby induce innate immune responses. Inflammatory periodontal bone resorption is caused by bacterial infections, which initially is regulated by innate immunity; however, the roles of TLR3 signaling in bone resorption are still not known. We examined the roles of TLR3 signaling in bone resorption using poly(I:C), a synthetic dsRNA analog. In cocultures of mouse bone marrow cells and stromal osteoblasts, poly(I:C) clearly induced osteoclast differentiation. In osteoblasts, poly(I:C) increased PGE2 production and upregulated the mRNA expression of PGE2-related genes, Ptgs2 and Ptges, as well as that of a gene related to osteoclast differentiation, Tnfsf11. In addition, we found that indomethacin (a COX-2 inhibitor) or an antagonist of the PGE2 receptor EP4 attenuated the poly(I:C)-induced PGE2 production and subsequent Tnfsf11 expression. Poly(I:C) also prolonged the survival of the mature osteoclasts associated with the increased mRNA expression of osteoclast marker genes, Nfatc1 and Ctsk. In ex vivo organ cultures of periodontal alveolar bone, poly(I:C) induced bone-resorbing activity in a dose-dependent manner, which was attenuated by the simultaneous administration of either indomethacin or an EP4 antagonist. These data suggest that TLR3 signaling in osteoblasts controls PGE2 production and induces the subsequent differentiation and survival of mature osteoclasts. Endogenous TLR3 in stromal osteoblasts and osteoclasts synergistically induces inflammatory alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Tominari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Akita
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Hirata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shosei Yoshinouchi
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Karouji
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Chisato Miyaura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Inada
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
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Geng F, Liu J, Yin C, Zhang S, Pan Y, Sun H. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induced RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis of oral epithelial cells and the further regulation in macrophage activation. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2041790. [PMID: 35251521 PMCID: PMC8890547 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2041790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a new type of regulated cell death with massive release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, the role of necroptosis in oral epithelial cells and the following effect on macrophages activation remain unknown. Human immortalized oral epithelial cells were stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell death was assessed while expressions of RIPK3/MLKL and toll-like receptors (TLRs) were evaluated. Necrosulfonamide (NSA), an inhibitor of MLKL was applied to block necroptosis. The expression of DAMPs and the epithelial connection protein were evaluated by qPCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. Immortalized human monocytes U937 were induced into the M0 or M2 subset, and influences of HIOECs-derived DAMPs on macrophage polarization as well as activation of the Mincle/SYK axis were assessed. P. gingivalis LPS could be recognized by TLR2 and regulates necroptosis of HIOECs by activating RIPK3/MLKL. NSA inhibited cell death of HIOECs, alleviated impaired epithelial connection, and inhibited expressions of DAMPs. Low dose of DAMPs derived from HIOECs promoted M2-like polarization by activating the Mincle/SYK axis, which was significantly suppressed with increased doses of DAMPs. P. gingivalis LPS destructed oral epithelial cells via RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis, which further regulated macrophage activation via DAMPs from oral epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengcheng Yin
- Center of Implant Dentistry School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, China Medical University School of Stomatology, Shenyang, China
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11
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TLR3 augments glucocorticoid-synthetic enzymes expression in epidermal keratinocytes; Implications of glucocorticoid metabolism in rosacea epidermis. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 100:58-66. [PMID: 32888783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most skin diseases benefit from topical steroids, rosacea symptoms are exacerbated by topical steroids. In the rosacea pathogenesis, abnormal innate immune mechanisms including overexpression of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) have been proposed. However, the links between glucocorticoid metabolism and innate immunity in the epidermis have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE In order to understand the pathology by which rosacea symptoms are exacerbated by steroids and environment stimuli, we examined the molecular links between the innate immune system and glucocorticoid synthesis in epidermis. METHODS We examined the expression of glucocorticoid-synthetic enzymes in rosacea skin. We stimulated epidermal keratinocytes by TLR ligands and examined the regulation of glucocorticoid-synthetic enzymes. We also employed siRNA and adenovirus vectors to knockdown and transduce TLR molecules, respectively. RESULTS Rosacea epidermis showed high HSD11B1 in the granular layer. Among TLR ligands, TLR3 ligand Poly(I:C) enhanced the expression of multiple glucocorticoid-synthetic enzymes including HSD11B1 and CYP11A1, and increased cortisol in the cultured media. Induction of HSD11B1 by Poly(I:C) was abolished by pretreatment with TLR3 siRNA. Transfection with an adenoviral vector incorporating TLR3 enhanced HSD11B1 and CYP11A1 protein expression by Poly(I:C). In addition, cell staining revealed increased expression of HSD11B1 and CYP11A1 proteins in the group transfected with TLR3 under the same conditions. CONCLUSION TLR3-stimulated epidermal keratinocytes and rosacea epidermis enhance the expression of glucocorticoid-synthetic enzymes, which would promote cortisol activation in the epidermis. The innate immunity modulates glucocorticoid-synthetic enzymes expression via the TLR3 pathway in epidermal keratinocytes.
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12
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Zeng H, Tang J, Yue M, Cheng J, Fan Y, Li M, Zhang X, Li H, Duan H, Zhang M, Fan G, Zhu Q, Shao L. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid accelerates intestinal stem cell proliferation via modulating Myc expression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3646-3656. [PMID: 31559639 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that exposure of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to intestine immediately induces villus damage with severe diarrhea, which is mediated by toll-like receptor 3 signaling activation. However, the role of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) remains obscure during the pathology. In the present study, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), mimicking viral dsRNA, was used to establish intestinal damage model. Mice were acutely and chronically exposed to poly(I:C), and ISCs in jejunum were analyzed. The results showed that the height of villus was shorter 48 hr after acute poly(I:C) exposure compared with that of controls, while chronic poly(I:C) treatment increased both villus height and crypt depth in jejunum compared with control animals. The numbers of ISCs in jejunum were significantly increased after acute and chronic poly(I:C) exposure. Poly (I:C)-stimulated ISCs have stronger capacities to differentiate into intestine endocrine cells. Mechanistically, poly(I:C) treatment increased expression of Stat1 and Axin2 in the intestinal crypt, which was along with increased expression of Myc, Bcl2, and ISC proliferation. These findings suggest that dsRNA exposure could induce ISC proliferation to ameliorate dsRNA-induced intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiahui Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengzhen Yue
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaoqi Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Manjun Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongyi Duan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Minqing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guangqin Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingxian Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijian Shao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Loss of periodontal ligament fibroblasts by RIPK3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis in the progress of chronic periodontitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2902. [PMID: 30814594 PMCID: PMC6393530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal homeostasis is maintained by the dynamic equilibrium between cell death, differentiation and proliferation of resident cells in the periodontal microenvironment. Loss of resident periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) has been a major challenge in the periodontal treatment. This study aimed to investigate the exact role of necroptotic cell death in periodontal diseases. Elevated levels of receptor-interacting protein serine-threonine kinases -1 (RIPK1), phosphorylated RIPK3, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), phosphorylated MLKL and FLIPL were observed in gingival tissues collected from patients with untreated chronic periodontitis; whereas no difference in caspase 8 was observed between the periodontitis and healthy control group. In contrast to the high incidence of necroptotic cell death in monocytes during live P. gingivalis infection with a low multiplicity of infection (MOI), necroptosis was only observed in PDLFs with a high MOI. Priming PDLFs with frozen thawed monocytes enhanced proinflammatory responses to P. gingivalis infection; moreover, frozen thawed monocytes stimulation triggered RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL-mediated-necroptotic cell death in PDLFs. These results indicated that RIPK3 and MLKL-mediated-necroptotic cell death participated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and DAMPs released from monocytes after P. gingivalis stimulation by necroptosis triggered not only inflammatory responses, but also necroptosis of PDLFs.
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14
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Kooijman S, Brummelman J, van Els CACM, Marino F, Heck AJR, Mommen GPM, Metz B, Kersten GFA, Pennings JLA, Meiring HD. Novel identified aluminum hydroxide-induced pathways prove monocyte activation and pro-inflammatory preparedness. J Proteomics 2018; 175:144-155. [PMID: 29317357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum-based adjuvants are the most widely used adjuvants in human vaccines. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of aluminum adjuvants at the molecular level, however, is still elusive. Here, we unravel the effects of aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 by a systems-wide analysis of the Al(OH)3-induced monocyte response. Cell response analysis by cytokine release was combined with (targeted) transcriptome and full proteome analysis. Results from this comprehensive study revealed two novel pathways to become activated upon monocyte stimulation with Al(OH)3: the first pathway was IFNβ signaling possibly induced by DAMP sensing pathways like TLR or NOD1 activation, and second the HLA class I antigen processing and presentation pathway. Furthermore, known mechanisms of the adjuvant activity of Al(OH)3 were elucidated in more detail such as inflammasome and complement activation, homeostasis and HLA-class II upregulation, possibly related to increased IFNγ gene expression. Altogether, our study revealed which immunological pathways are activated upon stimulation of monocytes with Al(OH)3, refining our knowledge on the adjuvant effect of Al(OH)3 in primary monocytes. SIGNIFICANCE Aluminum salts are the most used adjuvants in human vaccines but a comprehensive understanding of the working mechanism of alum adjuvants at the molecular level is still elusive. Our Systems Vaccinology approach, combining complementary molecular biological, immunological and mass spectrometry-based techniques gave a detailed insight in the molecular mechanisms and pathways induced by Al(OH)3 in primary monocytes. Several novel immunological relevant cellular pathways were identified: type I interferon secretion potentially induced by TLR and/or NOD like signaling, the activation of the inflammasome and the HLA Class-I and Class-II antigen presenting pathways induced by IFNγ. This study highlights the mechanisms of the most commonly used adjuvant in human vaccines by combing proteomics, transcriptomics and cytokine analysis revealing new potential mechanisms of action for Al(OH)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske Kooijman
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Brummelman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Marino
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gideon F A Kersten
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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15
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Jiang J, Wang S, Fang J, Xu Y, Tong L, Ye X, Zhou W. Stable silencing of TIPE2 reduced the Poly I:C‑induced apoptosis in THP‑1 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6313-6319. [PMID: 28849057 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism of toll‑like receptor (TLR) agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C)‑induced apoptosis in THP‑1 cells following silencing the expression of tumor necrosis factor α‑induced protein 8‑like 2 (TIPE2). THP‑1 cells were incubated with different concentrations of the TLR agonist. Following incubation, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify the mRNA expression of TIPE2. Lentiviral technology was used to silence the expression of TIPE2. MTT assay was performed to assess cell proliferation, Annexin V/PI double staining was used to evaluate the apoptosis and western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of caspase‑8 following TIPE2 silencing. The TLRs agonist Poly I:C increased the expression level of TIPE2. During the incubation, Poly I:C also inhibited the proliferation of THP‑1 cells and induced apoptosis. Following silencing of TIPE2 in THP‑1 cells, the Poly I:C‑induced TIPE2 expression was significantly downregulated. Additionally, the Poly I:C‑induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in THP‑1 cells were significantly reduced following silencing of TIPE2. The findings of the western blot analysis indicated that the active form of caspase‑8, p18, was downregulated following silencing of TIPE2. In conclusion, the expression of TIPE2 in THP‑1 cells may be upregulated by Poly I:C, which may also inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Following the downregulation of TIPE2 the aforementioned effect of Poly I:C treatment was reversed and may be associated with the reduced activity of caspase‑8 that was observed in the TIPE2 silenced group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshu Jiang
- Department of ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Department of ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
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16
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Li J, Ke X, Yan F, Lei L, Li H. Necroptosis in the periodontal homeostasis: Signals emanating from dying cells. Oral Dis 2017; 24:900-907. [PMID: 28763140 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal tissues are constantly exposed to microbial stimuli. The equilibrium between microbes and host defense system helps maintain the homeostasis in the periodontal microenvironment. Growth of pathogenic bacteria in dental biofilms may induce proinflammatory cytokine production to recruit sentinel cells, mainly neutrophils and monocytes into the gingival sulcus or the periodontal pocket. Moreover, dysbiosis with overgrowth of anaerobic pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, may induce death of both immune cells and host resident cells. Necroptosis is one newly characterized programmed cell death mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-1, RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase like (MLKL). With its release of death-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) into extracellular environment, necroptosis may help transmit the danger signal and amplify the inflammatory responses. In this review, we present recent advances on how necroptosis influences bacterial infection progression and what a role necroptosis plays in maintaining the homeostasis in the periodontal niche. Until we fully decipher the signals emanated from dying cells, we cannot completely understand the mechanism of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Ke
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Lei
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Mullin JM, Diguilio KM, Valenzano MC, Deis R, Thomas S, Zurbach EP, Abdulhaqq S, Montaner LJ. Zinc reduces epithelial barrier compromise induced by human seminal plasma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170306. [PMID: 28278250 PMCID: PMC5344308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human semen has the potential to modulate the epithelial mucosal tissues it contacts, as seminal plasma (SP) is recognized to contain both pro- and anti-barrier components, yet its effects on epithelial barrier function are largely unknown. We addressed the role of human SP when exposed to the basal-lateral epithelial surface, a situation that would occur clinically with prior mechanical or disease-related injury of the human epithelial mucosal cell layers in contact with semen. The action of SP on claudins-2, -4, -5, and -7 expression, as well as on a target epithelium whose basolateral surface has been made accessible to SP, showed upregulation of claudins-4 and -5 in CACO-2 human epithelial cell layers, despite broad variance in SP-induced modulation of transepithelial electrical resistance and mannitol permeability. Upregulation of claudin-2 by SP also exhibited such variance by SP sample. We characterize individual effects on CACO-2 barrier function of nine factors known to be present abundantly in seminal plasma (zinc, EGF, citrate, spermine, fructose, urea, TGF, histone, inflammatory cytokines) to establish that zinc, spermine and fructose had significant potential to raise CACO-2 transepithelial resistance, whereas inflammatory cytokines and EGF decreased this measure of barrier function. The role of zinc as a dominant factor in determining higher levels of transepithelial resistance and lower levels of paracellular leak were confirmed by zinc chelation and exogenous zinc addition. As expected, SP presentation to the basolateral cell surface also caused a very dramatic yet transient elevation of pErk levels. Results suggest that increased zinc content in SP can compete against the barrier-compromising effect of negative modulators in SP when SP gains access to that epithelium's basolateral surface. Prophylactic elevation of zinc in an epithelial cell layer prior to contact by SP may help to protect an epithelial barrier from invasion by SP-containing STD microbial pathogens such as HPV or HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Mullin
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mary C. Valenzano
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Rachael Deis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sunil Thomas
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - E. Peter Zurbach
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Luis J. Montaner
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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18
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Abstract
The ability to distinguish between self and nonself is the fundamental basis of the immune system in all organisms. The conceptual distinction between self and nonself, however, breaks down when it comes to endogenous retroviruses and other retroelements. While some retroelements retain the virus-like features including the capacity to replicate and reinvade the host genome, most have become inactive through mutations or host epigenetic silencing. And yet, accumulating evidence suggests that endogenous retroelements, both active and inactive, play important roles not only in pathogenesis of immune disorders, but also in proper functioning of the immune system. This review discusses the recent development in our understanding of the interaction between retroelements and the host innate immune system. In particular, it focuses on the impact of retroelement transcripts on the viral RNA sensors such as Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, protein kinase R, and the inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Ahmad
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Hur
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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19
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Kashiwagi Y, Takedachi M, Mori K, Kubota M, Yamada S, Kitamura M, Murakami S. High glucose-induced oxidative stress increases IL-8 production in human gingival epithelial cells. Oral Dis 2016; 22:578-84. [PMID: 27171647 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is often associated with increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. We hypothesized that gingival epithelial cells modify periodontal disease progression and predicted that hyperglycemia would activate an inflammatory response in human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested our hypothesis in immortalized HGECs (epi 4 cells) isolated from periodontal tissue and transfected with the simian virus 40 T antigen. The epi 4 cells were cultured in high (25 mM, HG) and normal (6 mM, NG) glucose conditions. RESULTS The epi 4 cells showed increased interleukin-8 (IL-8) protein secretion and mRNA expression when cultured in HG, compared with in NG. These effects were not associated with increased cell proliferation and were not observed in a hyperosmolar control group (normal glucose with 19 mM mannitol). Increased IL-8 secretion in HG was inhibited by pretreatment with an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, or a protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro31-8220. Hyperglycemia did not affect IL-8 secretion by gingival fibroblasts or periodontal ligament cells. In epi 4 cells, hyperglycemia also induced expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) but not TLR4. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a potential participation of epithelial cells in periodontal disease during diabetes by evoking an excessive host inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kashiwagi
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Takedachi
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Mori
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Kubota
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Yamada
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Kitamura
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Murakami
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Abstract
One challenge in studying chronic infectious and inflammatory disorders is understanding how host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), specifically toll-like receptors (TLRs), sense and respond to pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns, their communication with each other and different components of the immune system, and their role in propagating inflammatory stages of disease. The discovery of innate immune activation through nucleic acid recognition by intracellular PRRs such as endosomal TLRs (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) and cytoplasmic proteins (absent in melanoma 2 and DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factor) opened a new paradigm: Nucleic acid sensing is now implicated in multiple immune and inflammatory conditions (e.g., atherosclerosis, cancer), viral (e.g., human papillomavirus, herpes virus) and bacterial (e.g., Helicobacter pylori, pneumonia) diseases, and autoimmune disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis). Clinical investigations reveal the overexpression of specific nucleic acid sensors in diseased tissues. In vivo animal models show enhanced disease progression associated with receptor activation. The involvement of nucleic acid sensors in various systemic conditions is further supported by studies reporting receptor knockout mice being either protected from or prone to disease. TLR9-mediated inflammation is also implicated in periodontal diseases. Considering that persistent inflammation in the oral cavity is associated with systemic diseases and that oral microbial DNA is isolated at distal sites, nucleic acid sensing may potentially be a link between oral and systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how intracellular PRRs respond to microbial nucleic acids and emerging views on the role of nucleic acid sensors in various systemic diseases. We also highlight new information on the role of intracellular PRRs in the pathogenesis of oral diseases including periodontitis and oral cavity cancer, which might offer future possibilities for disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Crump
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S E Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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