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Ruspita I, Das P, Miyoshi K, Noma T, Snead ML, Bei M. Enam expression is regulated by Msx2. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1292-1302. [PMID: 37191055 PMCID: PMC10592542 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise formation of mineralized dental tissues such as enamel and/or dentin require tight transcriptional control of the secretion of matrix proteins. Here, we have investigated the transcriptional regulation of the second most prominent enamel matrix protein, enamelin, and its regulation through the major odontogenic transcription factor, MSX2. RESULTS Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we identified that (a) Enam expression is reduced in the Msx2 mouse mutant pre-secretory and secretory ameloblasts, (b) Enam is an early response gene whose expression is under the control of Msx2, (c) Msx2 binds to Enam promoter in vitro, suggesting that enam is a direct target for Msx2 and that (d) Msx2 alone represses Enam gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results illustrate that Enam gene expression is controlled by Msx2 in a spatio-temporal manner. They also suggest that Msx2 may interact with other transcription factors to control spatial and temporal expression of Enam and hence amelogenesis and enamel biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Ruspita
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pragnya Das
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Keiko Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Noma
- Faculty of Human Life Studies, Hiroshima Jogakuin University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Malcolm L. Snead
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, LA, CA
| | - Marianna Bei
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
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Besnard C, Marie A, Sasidharan S, Harper RA, Shelton RM, Landini G, Korsunsky AM. Synchrotron X-ray Studies of the Structural and Functional Hierarchies in Mineralised Human Dental Enamel: A State-of-the-Art Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:98. [PMID: 37185477 PMCID: PMC10137518 DOI: 10.3390/dj11040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hard dental tissues possess a complex hierarchical structure that is particularly evident in enamel, the most mineralised substance in the human body. Its complex and interlinked organisation at the Ångstrom (crystal lattice), nano-, micro-, and macro-scales is the result of evolutionary optimisation for mechanical and functional performance: hardness and stiffness, fracture toughness, thermal, and chemical resistance. Understanding the physical-chemical-structural relationships at each scale requires the application of appropriately sensitive and resolving probes. Synchrotron X-ray techniques offer the possibility to progress significantly beyond the capabilities of conventional laboratory instruments, i.e., X-ray diffractometers, and electron and atomic force microscopes. The last few decades have witnessed the accumulation of results obtained from X-ray scattering (diffraction), spectroscopy (including polarisation analysis), and imaging (including ptychography and tomography). The current article presents a multi-disciplinary review of nearly 40 years of discoveries and advancements, primarily pertaining to the study of enamel and its demineralisation (caries), but also linked to the investigations of other mineralised tissues such as dentine, bone, etc. The modelling approaches informed by these observations are also overviewed. The strategic aim of the present review was to identify and evaluate prospective avenues for analysing dental tissues and developing treatments and prophylaxis for improved dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Besnard
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ali Marie
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sisini Sasidharan
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Robert A. Harper
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Richard M. Shelton
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
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Wang J, Liu Z, Ren B, Wang Q, Wu J, Yang N, Sui X, Li L, Li M, Zhang X, Li X, Wang B. Biomimetic mineralisation systems for in situ enamel restoration inspired by amelogenesis. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:115. [PMID: 34455518 PMCID: PMC8403113 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Caries and dental erosion are common oral diseases. Traditional treatments involve the mechanical removal of decay and filling but these methods are not suitable for cases involving large-scale enamel erosion, such as hypoplasia. To develop a noninvasive treatment, promoting remineralisation in the early stage of caries is of considerable clinical significance. Therefore, biomimetic mineralisation is an ideal approach for restoring enamel. Biomimetic mineralisation forms a new mineral layer that is tightly attached to the surface of the enamel. This review details the state-of-art achievements on the application of amelogenin and non-amelogenin, amorphous calcium phosphate, ions flow and other techniques in the biomimetic mineralisation of enamel. The ultimate goal of this review was to shed light on the requirements for enamel biomineralisation. Hence, herein, we summarise two strategies of biological minimisation systems for in situ enamel restoration inspired by amelogenesis that have been developed in recent years and compare their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bingyu Ren
- Department of Thyroid surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meihui Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bowei Wang
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Al-Mosawi M, Davis GR, Bushby A, Montgomery J, Beaumont J, Al-Jawad M. Crystallographic texture and mineral concentration quantification of developing and mature human incisal enamel. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14449. [PMID: 30262903 PMCID: PMC6160435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
For human dental enamel, what is the precise mineralization progression spatially and the precise timing of mineralization? This is an important question in the fundamental understanding of matrix-mediated biomineralization events, but in particular because we can use our understanding of this natural tissue growth in humans to develop biomimetic approaches to repair and replace lost enamel tissue. It is important to understand human tissues in particular since different species have quite distinct spatial and temporal progression of mineralization. In this study, five human central incisors at different stages of enamel maturation/mineralization were spatially mapped using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray microtomography techniques. From the earliest developmental stage, two crystallite-orientation populations coexist with angular separations between the crystallite populations of approximately 40° varying as a function of position within the tooth crown. In general, one population had significantly lower texture magnitude and contributed a higher percentage to the overall crystalline structure, compared to the other population which contributed only 20-30% but had significantly higher texture magnitude. This quantitative analysis allows us to understand the complex and co-operative structure-function relationship between two populations of crystallites within human enamel. There was an increase in the mineral concentration from the enamel-dentin junction peripherally and from the incisal tip cervically as a function of maturation time. Quantitative backscattered-electron analyses showed that mineralization of prism cores precedes that of prism boundaries. These results provide new insights into the precise understanding of the natural growth of human enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Mosawi
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Roy Davis
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Bushby
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Montgomery
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Maisoon Al-Jawad
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
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