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Hasan F, Yuliana LT, Budi HS, Ramasamy R, Ambiya ZI, Ghaisani AM. Prevalence of dental caries among children in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32102. [PMID: 38882367 PMCID: PMC11176858 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The prevalence of dental caries among children in Indonesia remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to provide an updated assessment of this prevalence while also investigating the influence of patient characteristics and methodological factors. Design We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, including searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception to August 24, 2023. We included 8840 participants in 27 studies reporting the prevalence of dental caries among Indonesian children. Results The overall prevalence of dental caries was 76 % (95 % confidence interval: 71%-81 %). Studies in which decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) criteria were used to diagnose dental caries were significantly more prevalent than studies using non-DMFT criteria (78 % vs. 64 %, P < 0.05). No significant moderators were identified for the study subgroup based on study origin (Jakarta vs. non-Jakarta) or comorbidity status (comorbidity vs. no comorbidity). Owing to incomplete reporting of variables, metaregression analysis could not be conducted for continuous variables, such as age and male percentage. Conclusions The prevalence of dental caries among Indonesian children remains notably high, showing consistency across Jakarta-based studies and non-Jakarta studies. Initiating dental caries prevention and health promotion campaigns is imperative, focusing on the critical importance of early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Hasan
- Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zilzala Irqon Ambiya
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Anindya Marsa Ghaisani
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia
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Wu Z, Song J, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Zhao J. Inhibitory and preventive effects of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. root extract on Streptococcus mutans and dental caries in rats. BDJ Open 2024; 10:15. [PMID: 38431610 PMCID: PMC10908817 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is one of the prevalent conditions that threaten oral health. Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. root (AR) extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antibacterial properties. This study was designed to investigate the antibacterial impact of AR extract on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) UA159 and the anti-caries effect on rats. METHODS The antibacterial activity of AR extract against S. mutans and its biofilm was determined using the bacterial sensitivity test, the biofilm sensitivity test, and the live-dead staining technique. By fluorescently tagging bacteria, the influence of bacterial adhesion rate was determined. Using a rat caries model, the anti-caries efficacy and safety of AR extract were exhaustively investigated in vivo. RESULTS AR extract inhibit not only the growth of S. mutans, but also the generation of S. mutans biofilm, hence destroying and eliminating the biofilm. Moreover, AR extract were able to inhibit S. mutans' adherence to saliva-encapsulated hydroxyapatite (HAP). Further, in a rat model of caries, the AR extract is able to greatly reduce the incidence and severity of caries lesions on the smooth surface and pit and fissure of rat molars, while exhibiting excellent biosafety. CONCLUSIONS AR extract exhibit strong antibacterial activity against S. mutans and can lower the incidence and severity of dental cavities in rats. These findings suggest that Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. could be utilized for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, No.137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, No.137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Yuan
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, No.137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, No.137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
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Carvalho TS, Martini T, Lima KP, Araújo TT, Feitosa CMVB, Marron LR, Lavender S, Grizzo LT, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR. Xylitol associated or not with fluoride: Is the action the same on de- and remineralization? Arch Oral Biol 2024; 159:105873. [PMID: 38215591 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of xylitol combined or not with fluoride (F) on reduction of demineralization and increase of remineralization of shallow and deep artificial enamel lesions. METHODS Bovine enamel samples were allocated to the following solutions groups: no xylitol (negative control), 5% xylitol, 10% xylitol, 20% xylitol, 500 ppm F (as NaF), 5% xylitol+F, 10% xylitol+F or 20% xylitol+F (n = 12-15). For the demin study, a pH-cycling model (demineralization-6 h, pH 4.7/remineralization 18 h, pH 7.0) was employed for 7 days. Treatments were applied 2 × 1 min. In the remin study, specimens were pre-demineralized for 2, 5 or 10 days. Afterwards, a pH-cycling protocol was conducted (2 h demineralizing and 22 h remineralizing solution/day for 8 days) and the same treatments were done. The response variables were percentage surface hardness loss (%SHL) and transverse microradiography. Data were analyzed by RM ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn (p < 0.05) RESULTS: F and Xylitol combined with F reduced the %SHL (23-30%) compared to the negative control (61.5%). The integrated mineral loss and the lesion depth were not reduced by any treatment. Surface hardness recovery was seen only for shallow lesions in case of 20% xylitol+F compared to negative control. No lesion depth recovery, but significant mineral recovery was seen for F (2-days and 10-days lesion). CONCLUSIONS All concentrations of xylitol+F reduced enamel surface demineralization, while only 20% xylitol+F improved surface remineralization of shallow lesions in vitro. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that while F or any concentration of xylitol + F reduces surface demineralization, only 20% xylitol+F improves surface remineralization of shallow lesions in vitro. Therefore, xylitol may be added into oral products, combined to F, to control dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamyris Souza Carvalho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Martini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Pavan Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamara Teodoro Araújo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Larissa Tercilia Grizzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Vastrad SJ, Ritesh G, V SS, Saraswathy GR, Augustine D, Alzahrani KJ, Alzahrani FM, Halawani IF, Ashi H, Alshahrani M, Hassan RN, Baeshen HA, Saravanan KS, Satish KS, Vutukuru P, Patil S. Panoramic view of key cross-talks underpinning the oral squamous cell carcinoma stemness - unearthing the future opportunities. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1247399. [PMID: 38170015 PMCID: PMC10759990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1247399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of oral cancer is often frequented with challenges that arise from relapse, recurrence, invasion and resistance towards the cornerstone chemo and radiation therapies. The recent conceptual advancement in oncology has substantiated the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) as a predominant player of these intricacies. CSC are a sub-group of tumor population with inherent adroitness to self-renew with high plasticity. During tumor evolution, the structural and functional reprogramming persuades the cancer cells to acquire stem-cell like properties, thus presenting them with higher survival abilities and treatment resistance. An appraisal on key features that govern the stemness is of prime importance to confront the current challenges encountered in oral cancer. The nurturing niche of CSC for maintaining its stemness characteristics is thought to be modulated by complex multi-layered components encompassing neoplastic cells, extracellular matrix, acellular components, circulatory vessels, various cascading signaling molecules and stromal cells. This review focuses on recapitulating both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that impart the stemness. There are contemplating evidences that demonstrate the role of transcription factors (TF) in sustaining the neoplastic stem cell's pluripotency and plasticity alongside the miRNA in regulation of crucial genes involved in the transformation of normal oral mucosa to malignancy. This review illustrates the interplay between miRNA and various known TF of oral cancer such as c-Myc, SOX, STAT, NANOG and OCT in orchestrating the stemness and resistance features. Further, the cross-talks involved in tumor micro-environment inclusive of cytokines, macrophages, extra cellular matrix, angiogenesis leading pathways and influential factors of hypoxia on tumorigenesis and CSC survival have been elucidated. Finally, external factorial influence of oral microbiome gained due to the dysbiosis is also emphasized. There are growing confirmations of the possible roles of microbiomes in the progression of oral cancer. Given this, an attempt has been made to explore the potential links including EMT and signaling pathways towards resistance and stemness. This review provides a spectrum of understanding on stemness and progression of oral cancers at various regulatory levels along with their current therapeutic knowledge. These mechanisms could be exploited for future research to expand potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya J. Vastrad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Giri Ritesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sowmya S. V
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim F. Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Haematology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, AI Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alshahrani
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Nabil Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences (Genome), Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kamatchi Sundara Saravanan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kshreeraja S. Satish
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pravallika Vutukuru
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
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Armas-Vega A, Parise-Vasco JM, Díaz-Segovia MC, Arroyo-Bonilla DA, Cabrera-Dávila MJ, Zambrano-Bonilla MC, Ordonez-Romero I, Caiza-Rennella A, Zambrano-Mendoza A, Ponce-Faula C, Viteri-García A. Prevalence of Dental Caries in Schoolchildren from the Galapagos Islands: ESSO-Gal Cohort Report. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:6544949. [PMID: 38111753 PMCID: PMC10727802 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6544949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Dental caries remains a prevalent disease worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have shown that it affects the oral health of the pediatric population, and the Galapagos population in Ecuador is no exception. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its association, based on baseline information from the Galapagos Oral Health Study (ESSO-Gal), in children of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 804 children aged 2-11 years. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria, while the presence of dental biofilm was assessed using the Silness-Löe index. Descriptive statistics, including frequency analysis and measures of central tendency and dispersion, were performed. Inferential statistical analyses were conducted to identify associations between variables. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 25.0 statistical program. Results The caries prevalence rates based on ICDAS II codes 1-6, 1-2, and 3-6 were 98.01%, 96.9%, and 85%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed among the different islands regarding the cutoff point for ICDAS II codes 3-6 (p ≤ 0.001). Participants aged 6-11 years had the highest caries prevalence. Conclusions The results show a high prevalence of dental caries among children in the Galapagos Islands, which increases with age. Contrary to expectations, the study did not find a significant correlation between the severity of dental caries and the presence of dental biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Armas-Vega
- Carrera de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Marcos Parise-Vasco
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Cristina Díaz-Segovia
- Posgrado de Odontopediatría, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Celia Ponce-Faula
- Carrera de Odontología, Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Viteri-García
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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Fan W, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Feng J, Zhai Y, He B. Case Report: Treatment and management of a child at high risk of caries. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1103386. [PMID: 37936890 PMCID: PMC10626505 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1103386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Caries are at the forefront of childhood diseases. Although childhood caries is usually not life-threatening, it can affect children's dental-maxillofacial development and mental health and place significant financial and psychological burdens on parents. As the focus of childhood dental caries shifts to early diagnosis and prevention rather than restorative dentistry alone, screening children at a high risk of dental caries is urgent. Appropriate caries prevention measures and treatment sequences can effectively reduce the occurrence and development of dental caries in children. Case We report the case of a 7-year-old boy presenting with a high risk of dental caries involving multiple primary teeth and premature eruption of the permanent teeth. We shifted the caries status of the child from high to moderate likelihood. At the 9-month post-treatment follow-up, the patient had no new dental caries, and the length and width of the dental arch were effectively maintained. Conclusion Oral health education, dental plaque removal in a regular basis, and fluoride application contribute to caries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fan
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan University Seth Stomatological Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianjing Chen
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan University Seth Stomatological Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan University Seth Stomatological Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, China
| | - Jixian Feng
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan University Seth Stomatological Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuankun Zhai
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan University Seth Stomatological Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Periodontal Tissue Engineering, Kaifeng, China
| | - Baojie He
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan University Seth Stomatological Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Li H, Niu C, Luo J, Huang Z, Zhou W. Anticariogenic Activity of Celastrol and Its Enhancement of Streptococcal Antagonism in Multispecies Biofilm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1245. [PMID: 37627665 PMCID: PMC10451999 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic disease resulting from dysbiosis in the oral microbiome. Antagonism of commensal Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans is pivotal to keep the microecological balance. However, concerns are growing on antimicrobial agents in anticaries therapy, for broad spectrum antimicrobials may have a profound impact on the oral microbial community, especially on commensals. Here, we report celastrol, extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine's Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) plant, as a promising anticaries candidate. Our results revealed that celastrol showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against cariogenic bacteria S. mutans while exhibiting low cytotoxicity. By using a multispecies biofilm formed by S. mutans UA159, S. sanguinis SK36, and S. gordonii DL1, we observed that even at relatively low concentrations, celastrol reduced S. mutans proportion and thereby inhibited lactic acid production as well as water-insoluble glucan formation. We found that celastrol thwarted S. mutans outgrowth through the activation of pyruvate oxidase (SpxB) and H2O2-dependent antagonism between commensal oral streptococci and S. mutans. Our data reveal new anticaries properties of celastrol that enhance oral streptococcal antagonism, which thwarts S. mutans outgrowth, indicating its potential to maintain oral microbial balance for prospective anticaries therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 500 Quxi Road, Shanghai 200011, China; (H.L.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chenguang Niu
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 500 Quxi Road, Shanghai 200011, China; (H.L.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Junyuan Luo
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 500 Quxi Road, Shanghai 200011, China; (H.L.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 500 Quxi Road, Shanghai 200011, China; (H.L.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 500 Quxi Road, Shanghai 200011, China; (H.L.)
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
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Shayegh M, Sorenson C, Downey J, Lin S, Jiang Y, Sodhi P, Sullivan V, Howard KM, Kingsley K. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Clinical Mouthwash Protocol and Prevalence of the Oral Pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae: A Pilot Study of Antibacterial Effects. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:65. [PMID: 37489432 PMCID: PMC10366884 DOI: 10.3390/mps6040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One protocol in healthcare facilities and dental offices due to the COVID-19 pandemic for reducing the amount of detectable oral SARS-CoV-2 has been gargling with mouthwash for 60 s. This protocol lasts longer than the daily routine for most patients and may have unexpected benefits in reducing oral microbes as a result. This project evaluated the prevalence of the newly identified oral pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae before and after this procedure to determine any measurable effects. Using an approved protocol, n = 36 pre-mouthwash patient samples, n = 36 matched post-mouthwash samples, and n = 36 matched recall samples were identified (total sample number n = 108). DNA was isolated from each sample (pre-, post-mouthwash, and recall). Screening using qPCR and validated primers revealed n = 10/36 or 27.8% tested positive for Scardovia among the pre-mouthwash (Sample A) isolates with n = 3/36 or 8.3% testing positive among the post-mouthwash (Sample B) isolates. Screening of the recall (Sample C) samples has revealed n = 10/36, or 27.8% once again tested positive for Scardovia, demonstrating that this pathogen was found among a significant proportion of pediatric patient samples. Moreover, the COVID-19-related procedure of requiring sustained mouth washing prior to clinical treatment appears to reduce the levels of detectable Scardovia, at least initially. However, this study found no long-term effects using this isolated protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Shayegh
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1700 W Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Chase Sorenson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1700 W Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Jackson Downey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1700 W Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Summer Lin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1700 W Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1700 W Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Praneeti Sodhi
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1700 W Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Victoria Sullivan
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1700 W Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Katherine M Howard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
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Elgamily HM, El-Sayed SM, El-Sayed HS, Youssef AM. Laboratory evaluation of anti-plaque and remineralization efficacy of sugarless probiotic jelly candy supplemented with natural nano prebiotic additive. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10977. [PMID: 37414826 PMCID: PMC10326239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the anti-cariogenic effect of an experimental synbiotic compound containing probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (NRRL B-442)-based jelly candy supplemented with natural prebiotic grape seed extract (GSE) in a nanoemulsion formula on the colonization and establishment of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Actinomyces viscosus (ATTCC 19246) biofilms through counting colony forming units, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We were then analysing the remineralizing effect of synbiotic jelly candy on human enamel surface lesions using Vickers microhardness testers, atomic force microscopy (AFM), SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at three stages (sound, after demineralization, and after pH cycling). We found after 21 days of treatment of the pH-cycled enamel discs with jelly candy for 10 min twice daily, a 68% decrease in S. mutans colony formation, reducing biofilm development, trapping S. mutans visualized in jelly candy under SEM examination, and significantly altering the morphological structure of these bacteria under TEM analysis. For remineralization measurements, statistically significant differences in microhardness integrated mineral loss, and lesion depth through CLSM between demineralization and treatment stages. These findings provide an effective anti-cariogenic synbiotic compound of grape seed extract and probiotic jelly candy with potential remineralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa M Elgamily
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institutes, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Samah M El-Sayed
- Dairy Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hoda S El-Sayed
- Dairy Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Youssef
- Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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10
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Yin C, Yan B. Machine learning in basic scientific research on oral diseases. DIGITAL MEDICINE 2023; 9. [DOI: 10.1097/dm-2023-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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11
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Zhang JS, Chen Z, Chu CH, Yu OY. Effect of silver diamine fluoride upon the microbial community of carious lesions: A scoping review. J Dent 2023; 134:104554. [PMID: 37220834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on the microbial community of carious lesions. DATA Original studies evaluating the effect of SDF treatment on the microbial community of human carious lesions were included. SOURCES A systematic search of English-language publications was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Gray literature was searched in ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS This review included seven publications reporting the effects of SDF on microbial community of dental plaque or carious dentin, including the microbial biodiversity, relative abundance of microbial taxa, and predicted functional pathways of the microbial community. The studies on microbial community of dental plaque reported that SDF did not have a significant effect on both the within-community species diversity (alpha-diversity) and inter-community microbial compositional dissimilarity (beta-diversity) of the plaque microbial communities. However, SDF changed the relative abundance of 29 bacterial species of plaque community, inhibited carbohydrate transportation and interfered with the metabolic functions of the plaque microbial community. A study on the microbial community in dentin carious lesions reported that SDF affected its beta-diversity and changed the relative abundance of 14 bacterial species. CONCLUSION SDF showed no significant effects on the biodiversity of the plaque microbial community but changed the beta-diversity of the carious dentin microbial community. SDF could change the relative abundance of certain bacterial species in the dental plaque and the carious dentin. SDF could also affect the predicted functional pathways of the microbial community. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This review provided comprehensive evidence on the potential effect of SDF treatment on the microbial community of carious lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Shizhen Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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12
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Babina K, Salikhova D, Polyakova M, Zaytsev A, Egiazaryan A, Novozhilova N. Knowledge and Attitude towards Probiotics among Dental Students and Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11050119. [PMID: 37232770 DOI: 10.3390/dj11050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional survey assessed the knowledge of and the attitude towards probiotics of dental students and academics at Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. Our questionnaire consisted of 15 questions divided into 3 sections: respondents' sociodemographic data, knowledge on probiotics, and attitude towards probiotics. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Out of the 658 questionnaires distributed, a total of 239 questionnaires were completed by the undergraduates, yielding a response rate of 39.6%, and 54 by the teaching staff (response rate = 100%). Most students (53.6%) and teachers (55.5%) had a fair knowledge of probiotics (p = 0.3135). A vast majority of dental students (97.9%) and all teachers had a positive attitude towards probiotics, with higher mean scores among academics (p < 0.001). A positive weak correlation was found between knowledge and attitude (Spearman r = 0.17, p = 0.0027). The results obtained reveal the need for more evidence-based educational trainings for university teachers and a course on probiotics to be included in the curriculum for dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dilara Salikhova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Zaytsev
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Egiazaryan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Childhood dental caries experience in northern Spain: a cross-sectional study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:95-103. [PMID: 36264453 PMCID: PMC9992230 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe the caries experience in primary and permanent dentition of schoolchildren from a sample taken in public schools in Bilbao, to identify the most vulnerable child population, and compare them with the findings obtained by the Children's Dental Care Programme in the region of the Basque Country (Spain). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a representative sample (n = 1682) of children from 5-year-old early childhood education classes and the first- and second-year elementary classes in public schools in Bilbao. The dependent variable was the caries experience determined through oral examinations carried out by a single dentist. On the other hand, independent variables were measured through questionnaires completed by families, with help from teachers as appropriate. In the statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests, as well as two logistic regressions, were performed, and the significance level was set at α = 0.05 for decision making. RESULTS The mean (SD) values of dft, DMFT, DMFS and DMFT of first permanent molars scores were 1.25 ± 2.20, 0.16 ± 0.61, 0.20 ± 0.90 and 0.15 ± 0.57, respectively. Compared to the findings in the most recent PADI report, the schoolchildren in our sample had slightly greater experience of dental caries in primary dentition and much greater experience in permanent dentition. CONCLUSION The dft index of the primary dentition for the current sample is 1.25, while the DMFT index for the permanent dentition is 0.16. Among pupils in early childhood and elementary education in public schools in Bilbao, children from families with low socioeconomic status and educational attainment are most vulnerable to developing caries.
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14
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Butcher MC, Short B, Veena CLR, Bradshaw D, Pratten JR, McLean W, Shaban SMA, Ramage G, Delaney C. Meta-analysis of caries microbiome studies can improve upon disease prediction outcomes. APMIS 2022; 130:763-777. [PMID: 36050830 PMCID: PMC9825849 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most prevalent infective diseases worldwide, it is crucial that we not only know the constituents of the oral microbiome in dental caries but also understand its functionality. Herein, we present a reproducible meta-analysis to effectively report the key components and the associated functional signature of the oral microbiome in dental caries. Publicly available sequencing data were downloaded from online repositories and subjected to a standardized analysis pipeline before analysis. Meta-analyses identified significant differences in alpha and beta diversities of carious microbiomes when compared to healthy ones. Additionally, machine learning and receiver operator characteristic analysis showed an ability to discriminate between healthy and disease microbiomes. We identified from importance values, as derived from random forest analyses, a group of genera, notably containing Selenomonas, Aggregatibacter, Actinomyces and Treponema, which can be predictive of dental caries. Finally, we propose the most appropriate study design for investigating the microbiome of dental caries by synthesizing the studies, which had the most accurate differentiation based on random forest modelling. In conclusion, we have developed a non-biased, reproducible pipeline, which can be applied to microbiome meta-analyses of multiple diseases, but importantly we have derived from our meta-analysis a key group of organisms that can be used to identify individuals at risk of developing dental caries based on oral microbiome inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Butcher
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Bryn Short
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Chandra Lekha Ramalingam Veena
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - William McLean
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Suror Mohamad Ahmad Shaban
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Christopher Delaney
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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15
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Fang R, Jiang H, Lin C, Xia T, Xu S, Chen Q, Xiao G. Characterization and shelf stability of sweetened condensed milk formulated with different sucrose substitutes during storage. Food Chem 2022; 404:134402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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16
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Giacaman RA, Fernández CE, Muñoz-Sandoval C, León S, García-Manríquez N, Echeverría C, Valdés S, Castro RJ, Gambetta-Tessini K. Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable and behavioral disease: Management implications. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:764479. [PMID: 36092137 PMCID: PMC9448953 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.764479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New paradigms in caries conceptualization have emerged during the last decades, leading to intense debate and discussion on how to approach the disease, both from a preventive and a therapeutic perspective. Among many new ideas, research discoveries and technologies, one major concept can be highlighted that created a deep frontier between the old and the new paradigm in caries conceptualization; the non-communicable nature of the disease, firmly associated with behaviors and lifestyles. This article synthetizes the conceptual construction of dental caries as a non-communicable disease (NCD) based on the current evidence and discusses the appropriate management of the disease in this context. Dental caries has shifted from being considered transmissible and infectious to an ecological and non-communicable disease. Environmental factors such as frequent sugars intake, disrupt the symbiosis of the dental biofilm leading to a dysbiosis, which favors caries lesion initiation and progression. As an NCD, dental caries shares characteristics with other NCDs such as cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, cancer and diabetes, including long duration and slow progression, not being transmissible from person-to-person, being strongly related to modifiable behavioral risk factors, and affecting preferentially disadvantaged populations with a strong inequality gradient. Given the high prevalence of dental caries, and its consequences on people's health and quality of life, a recognizable conceptual view of caries as a NCD is required to target an effective management. Current understanding of dental caries supports prevention through acting on the modifiable risk factors (behaviors) and involves management based on an interdisciplinary approach. Communicating these modern concepts among researchers, clinicians and policymakers is needed to decrease the global high burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Gerodontology Research Group, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Interuniversity Center on Healthy Aging, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro de Epidemiología y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales, University of Chile and University of Talca, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo A. Giacaman
| | - Constanza E. Fernández
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Gerodontology Research Group, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Sandoval
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Soraya León
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Gerodontology Research Group, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Interuniversity Center on Healthy Aging, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro de Epidemiología y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales, University of Chile and University of Talca, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia García-Manríquez
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Constanza Echeverría
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sebastián Valdés
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramiro J. Castro
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Gerodontology Research Group, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Interuniversity Center on Healthy Aging, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Karla Gambetta-Tessini
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Gerodontology Research Group, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Epidemiología y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales, University of Chile and University of Talca, Santiago, Chile
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Zou J, Du Q, Ge L, Wang J, Wang X, Li Y, Song G, Zhao W, Chen X, Jiang B, Mei Y, Huang Y, Deng S, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhou X. Expert consensus on early childhood caries management. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:35. [PMID: 35835750 PMCID: PMC9283525 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant chronic disease of childhood and a rising public health burden worldwide. ECC may cause a higher risk of new caries lesions in both primary and permanent dentition, affecting lifelong oral health. The occurrence of ECC has been closely related to the core microbiome change in the oral cavity, which may be influenced by diet habits, oral health management, fluoride use, and dental manipulations. So, it is essential to improve parental oral health and awareness of health care, to establish a dental home at the early stage of childhood, and make an individualized caries management plan. Dental interventions according to the minimally invasive concept should be carried out to treat dental caries. This expert consensus mainly discusses the etiology of ECC, caries-risk assessment of children, prevention and treatment plan of ECC, aiming to achieve lifelong oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Ge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangtai Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Beizhan Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Mei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Novel antibody assessment method for microbial compositional alteration in the oral cavity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101269. [PMID: 35518198 PMCID: PMC9065711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been demonstrated that dysbiosis, an alteration in commensal microflora composition, is intimately involved in the onset of a variety of diseases. It is becoming increasingly evident that the composition of commensal microflora in the oral cavity is closely connected to oral diseases, such as periodontal disease, and systemic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Next-generation sequencing techniques are used as a method to examine changes in bacterial flora, but additional analytical methods to assess bacterial flora are needed to understand bacterial activity in more detail. In addition, the oral environment is unique because of the role of secretory antibodies contained in saliva in the formation of bacterial flora. The present study aimed to develop a new method for evaluating the compositional change of microbiota using flow cytometry (FCM) with specific antibodies against the bacterial surface antigen, as well as salivary antibodies. Using specific antibodies against Streptococcus mutans, a causative agent of dental caries, and human IgA, bacterial samples from human saliva were analyzed via FCM. The results showed that different profiles could be obtained depending on the oral hygiene status of the subjects. These results suggest that changes in the amount and type of antibodies that bind to oral bacteria may be an indicator for evaluating abnormalities in the oral flora. Therefore, the protocol established in this report could be applied as an evaluation method for alterations in the oral microbiota. We aimed to develop a new method for evaluating dysbiosis using flow cytometry. We used bacterial surface antigen-specific antibodies and salivary antibodies. Different profiles could be obtained depending on oral hygiene status. Changes in antibodies bound to oral bacteria may indicate oral flora abnormalities. Our method can be used to evaluate alterations in the oral microbiota.
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19
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Reis RM, Carlo HL, dos Santos RL, Sabella FM, Parisotto TM, de Carvalho FG. Possible Relationship Between the Oral and Gut Microbiome, Caries Development, and Obesity in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:887765. [PMID: 35711624 PMCID: PMC9196306 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.887765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought health damage and socioeconomic disruptions, together with lifestyle disorders around the world. Children are one of the most commonly affected, mainly due to social isolation and changes in eating habits and physical activities. This way, the risk of weight gain and obesity is possibly enhanced, as well as poor oral hygiene conditions and early childhood caries (ECC) development during the lockdown. In children under 6 years of age, ECC is defined as carious lesions in one or more primary teeth, with or without cavitation. Importantly, alterations in the oral microbiome caused by changes in children lifestyles have much more than a local impact on oral tissues, interplaying with the gut microbiome and influencing systemic environments. Recent studies have been exploring the oral health conditions, eating habits, and weight gain in the childhood population during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, there is a lack of information concerning the association among oral and gut microbiome, dental caries, and obesity in the COVID-19 era. In this context, this review aimed at analyzing a possible relationship between the oral and gut microbiome, caries, and obesity in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranam Moreira Reis
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Hugo Lemes Carlo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Maria Sabella
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Thaís Manzano Parisotto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho
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20
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Li X, Liu Y, Yang X, Li C, Song Z. The Oral Microbiota: Community Composition, Influencing Factors, Pathogenesis, and Interventions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:895537. [PMID: 35572634 PMCID: PMC9100676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.895537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity provides a habitat for oral microbial communities. The complexity of its anatomical structure, its connectivity to the outside, and its moist environment contribute to the complexity and ecological site specificity of the microbiome colonized therein. Complex endogenous and exogenous factors affect the occurrence and development of the oral microbiota, and maintain it in a dynamic balance. The dysbiotic state, in which the microbial composition is altered and the microecological balance between host and microorganisms is disturbed, can lead to oral and even systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss the current research on the composition of the oral microbiota, the factors influencing it, and its relationships with common oral diseases. We focus on the specificity of the microbiota at different niches in the oral cavity, the communities of the oral microbiome, the mycobiome, and the virome within oral biofilms, and interventions targeting oral pathogens associated with disease. With these data, we aim to extend our understanding of oral microorganisms and provide new ideas for the clinical management of infectious oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingyou Yang
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chengwen Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengwen Li,
| | - Zhangyong Song
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Zhangyong Song,
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21
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Featherstone JDB, Crystal YO, Alston P, Chaffee BW, Doméjean S, Rechmann P, Zhan L, Ramos-Gomez F. Evidence-Based Caries Management for All Ages-Practical Guidelines. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:657518. [PMID: 35048005 PMCID: PMC8757692 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.657518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the present paper is to provide step-by-step guidelines for dental healthcare providers to manage dental caries based upon caries risk assessment (CRA) for ages 0–6 years and 6 years through adult. The manuscript reviews and updates the CAMBRA (caries management by risk assessment) system which includes CRA and caries management recommendations that are guided by the assessed risk level. Caries Risk Assessment: CAMBRA CRA tools (CRAs) have been evaluated in several clinical outcomes studies and clinical trials. Updated CAMBRA CRAs for ages 0–6 years and 6 years through adult are provided. These CRAs have been refined by the addition of a quantitative method that will aid the health care provider in determining the caries risk of individuals. Caries Management Based Upon Risk Assessment: Guidelines for individualized patient care are provided based upon the caries risk status, results of clinical exams and responses of the patient to questions in the CRA. These guidelines are based upon successful outcomes documented in several clinical outcomes studies and clinical trials. The paper includes a review of successful caries management procedures for children and adults as previously published, with additional emphasis on correct use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for children. The caries management plan for each individual is based upon reducing the caries risk factors and enhancing the protective factors with the additional aid of behavior modification. Beneficially altering the caries balance is coupled with minimal intervention restorative dentistry, if appropriate. These methods are appropriate for the management of dental caries in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D B Featherstone
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yasmi O Crystal
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Comprehensive Pediatric Dentistry, Bound Brook, NJ, United States
| | - Pamela Alston
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin W Chaffee
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sophie Doméjean
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, UFR d'Odontologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,EA 4847, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Service d'Odontologie, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ling Zhan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Francisco Ramos-Gomez
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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22
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Ebersole JL, Nagarajan R, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez OA. Oral Microbiome and Gingival Gene Expression of Inflammatory Biomolecules With Aging and Periodontitis. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:725115. [PMID: 35048048 PMCID: PMC8757787 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.725115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although data describe the presence and increase of inflammatory mediators in the local environment in periodontitis vs. health in humans, details regarding how these responses evolve in the transition from health to disease, changes during disease progression, and features of a resolved lesion remain unknown. This study used a nonhuman primate model of ligature-induced periodontitis in young, adolescent, adult, and aged animals to document features of inflammatory response affected by age. Rhesus monkeys had ligatures tied and provided gingival tissue biopsy specimens at baseline, 0.5, 1, and 3 months of disease and at 5 months of the study, which was 2 months post-ligature removal for clinically resolved tissues. The transcriptome was assessed using microarrays for chemokine (n = 41), cytokine (n = 45), chemokine receptor (n = 21), cytokine receptor (n = 37), and lipid mediator (n = 31) genes. Limited differences were noted in healthy tissues for chemokine expression with age; however, chemokine receptor genes were decreased in young but elevated in aged samples. IL1A, IL36A, and IL36G cytokines were decreased in the younger groups, with IL36A elevated in aged animals. IL10RA/IL10RB cytokine receptors were altered with age. Striking variation in the lipid mediator genes in health was observed with nearly 60% of these genes altered with age. A specific repertoire of chemokine and chemokine receptor genes was affected by the disease process, predominated by changes during disease initiation. Cytokine/cytokine receptor genes were also elevated with disease initiation, albeit IL36B, IL36G, and IL36RN were all significantly decreased throughout disease and resolution. Significant changes were observed in similar lipid mediator genes with disease and resolution across the age groups. Examination of the microbiome links to the inflammatory genes demonstrated that specific microbes, including Fusobacterium, P. gingivalis, F. alocis, Pasteurellaceae, and Prevotella are most frequently significantly correlated. These correlations were generally positive in older animals and negative in younger specimens. Gene expression and microbiome patterns from baseline were distinctly different from disease and resolution. These results demonstrate patterns of inflammatory gene expression throughout the phases of the induction of a periodontal disease lesion. The patterns show a very different relationship to specific members of the oral microbiome in younger compared with older animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Radhakrishnan Nagarajan
- Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Sreenatha Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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23
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Holguin-Loya B, Soto-Barreras U, Martinez-Martinez R, Martinez-Mata G, Sanin L, Nevarez-Rascon M, Dominguez-Perez R. Relationship between fluoride exposure and count of Streptococcus mutans in supragingival biofilm of mexican scholar children. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:211-216. [PMID: 35028040 PMCID: PMC8739274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The use of fluoride is known to reduce the risk of dental caries. There is limited information on the relationship between Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and fluoride exposure. This study investigated the association between the count of S. mutans on supragingival biofilm and fluoride exposure of scholar children. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, 56 children from 9 to 11 years of age were selected. Fluoride concentration in drinking water, urine and saliva of each participant were assessed. The count of S. mutans was estimated by calculating the DNA copy number through a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Also, sociodemographic data, oral and general health information and variables related to caries risk were evaluated. A stepwise multiple linear regression was performed in all caries related predictor variables with the count of S. mutans as the dependent variable. Results The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the concentration of fluoride in saliva (β = −3.029, p < 0.001) and urine (β = −2.057, p = 0.017), time of last visit to the dentist (β = 1.968, p = 0.001), plaque index (β = 1.637, p = 0.006) and number of surfaces with codes 3–6 (D3-6MFS) of ICDAS II criteria (β = 0.283, p = 0.076) were significantly associated with the count of S. mutans (Adjusted R square = 0.427, p < 0.001). Conclusion Fluoride levels in urine and saliva were negatively associated with the count of S. mutans in supragingival biofilm. Plaque index, D3-6MFS and time of last visit to the dentist showed a positive association.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Holguin-Loya
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - U Soto-Barreras
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - R Martinez-Martinez
- Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - G Martinez-Mata
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - L Sanin
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - M Nevarez-Rascon
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - R Dominguez-Perez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
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24
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Wang Y, Samaranayake LP, Dykes GA. Tea extracts inhibit the attachment of streptococci to oral/dental substrata by reducing hydrogen bonding energies. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:42-54. [PMID: 34886732 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.2013826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous work in the authors' lab demonstrated that tea extracts significantly suppressed streptococcal colonization of abiotic substrata by coating the bacterial cell surfaces with tea components. In this study, the physico-chemical mechanisms by which the tea coating inhibits cellular attachment are demonstrated. The changes in the cell surface physico-chemical properties of streptococci, induced by tea extracts, were measured. Using these results, surface interaction energies were calculated between streptococcal cells and hard surfaces (glass, stainless steel, hydroxyapatite and titanium) within the cellular attachment system exploiting the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory. The net energy outcomes were compared with experiment results of attachment assays to validate the predictability of the model. The results showed that the tea extracts inhibited the attachment of the bacteria by 11.1%-91.5%, and reduced the interaction energy by 15.4%-94.9%. It was also demonstrated that the abilities of the bacteria to attach to hard surfaces correlated well with their net interaction energies. The predominant interaction in the systems was found to be hydrogen bonding. In conclusion, tea extracts suppress streptococcal attachment to hard substrata by limiting the formation of hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Gary A Dykes
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Kling KE, Maddox CW, Manfra Marretta S, Nowicki C, Schaeffer DJ. Effect of TrisEDTA and Chlorhexidine 0.12% on an In Vitro-Defined Biofilm Representing the Subgingival Plaque Biofilm of the Dog. J Vet Dent 2021; 39:9-20. [PMID: 34866484 DOI: 10.1177/08987564211058496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of chlorhexidine 0.12%, TrisEDTA (tromethamine ethylenediamintetraacetic acid), and a combination of chlorhexidine 0.12% and TrisEDTA on an in vitro plaque biofilm model comprised of three bacterial species commonly found in canine subgingival plaque. Porphyromonas gulae, Actinomyces canis, and Neisseria canis were grown in a biofilm on polished hydroxyapatite coated titanium alloy pucks for 72 h prior to exposure to one of four test solutions: TrisEDTA, chlorhexidine 0.12%, a combination of TrisEDTA and chlorhexidine 0.12%, or sterile deionized water as a control. Following exposure to the test solution, a sample was collected of the biofilm either immediately or following 24 h of additional incubation in a broth medium. Lower numbers of CFU/mL of Porphyromonas gulae resulted when the biofilm was treated with a solution of chlorhexidine 0.12% and TrisEDTA compared to with chlorhexidine 0.12% alone, TrisEDTA alone, or the control and so this solution can be said to be synergistic against Porphyromonas gulae in this controlled in vitro model. Greater reductions in the numbers of CFU/mL of Actinomyces canis and Neisseria canis resulted from treatment with chlorhexidine 0.12% alone than if treated with the combination of TrisEDTA and chlorhexidine 0.12%. When treated biofilm samples were allowed 24 h of additional growth in fresh media, greater variance resulted and this variance highlights the complex dynamics involved in bacterial growth within a biofilm.
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26
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How YH, Yeo SK. Oral probiotic and its delivery carriers to improve oral health: A review. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 34351255 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, oral probiotics have been researched on their effectiveness in reducing and preventing oral diseases. Oral probiotics could be introduced into the oral cavity to keep the equilibrium of the microbiome. Hence, the delivery carrier for oral probiotics plays an important factor to ensure a high number of oral probiotics were delivered and released into the oral cavity. This review presents a brief overview of oral microbiota and the role of oral probiotics in reducing oral diseases. Moreover, important aspects of the oral probiotic product such as viability, adherence ability, health effects, safety, and delivery site were discussed. Besides that, the importance of utilizing indigenous oral probiotics was also emphasized. Oral probiotics are commonly found in the market in the form of chewing tablets, lozenges, and capsules. Hence, the oral probiotic carriers currently used in the market and research were reviewed. Furthermore, this review introduces new potential oral probiotic delivery carriers such as oral strip, bucco-adhesive gel, and mouthwash. Their effectiveness in delivering oral probiotics for oral health was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan How
- UCSI University, Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, 1, UCSI Heights, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, 56000 Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siok-Koon Yeo
- Taylor's University, School of Biosciences, 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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27
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The Biocompatibility of a New Erythritol-and Xyltol-Containing Fluoride Toothpaste. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9080935. [PMID: 34442072 PMCID: PMC8392839 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic function of toothpastes is biofilm removal in order to prevent caries and gingivitis. Toothpastes should provide maximal fluoride availability, optimal abrasivity, and ingredients that do not interfere with fluoride release but should have additional beneficial effects. Further, the effect on cells of the oral cavity is of the utmost importance. We investigated several biological parameters of a new toothpaste (AirFlow-AF) that contains fluoride, xylitol and erythritol but no sodium lauryl sulfate and compared them to commercially available toothpastes (Zendium-Ze, Sensodyne-Se, OdolMed-OM, OralB-OB). The half lethal concentration (LC50) as well as the proliferation behavior on gingival (GF), periodontal ligament (PDL), and mouse fibroblast cells (L929) were was tested. The mean LC50 values of AF on GF, PDL, and L929 were 16.2, 10.9, and 9.3, respectively. In comparison, the four other toothpastes showed mean LC50 values of 1.5 (OB), 1.2 (OM), 1.4 (Se), and 27.7 (Ze) on GF. Mean LC50 values on PDL and L929 were 1.0 and 0.2 (OB), 3.7 and 0.9 (OM), 1.2 and 0.6 (Se), and 25.4 and 5.6 (Ze), respectively. Proliferation behavior mainly confirmed the LC50 values. While cells after stimulation with AF returned to almost unimpaired proliferation behavior at 6%, cells were still strongly impaired after stimulation with all tested commercially toothpastes. AF showed high biocompatibility with different cell types.
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28
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Mota KR, da Silva JVF, Borges CD, Leite de Marcelos PGC, Alvares PR, Santos Júnior VED. Effectiveness of the use of xylitol chewing gum in prevention of dental caries: A systematic review. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2021; 39:113-119. [PMID: 34341229 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_330_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review of the literature assessed the effectiveness of using chewing gum containing only xylitol compared to prevention strategies or placebo in reducing the incidence of carious lesions in children using data obtained from randomized controlled trials. Electronic search was carried out in PubMed MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on the Health Science, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Scientific Electronic Library Online through the period between 2000 and 2020. Included clinical studies were done in children when the xylitol was dispensed in gum and the preventive effect of xylitol on tooth decay was compared to other preventive strategies or control groups. The studies were evaluated for their quality to obtain the level of evidence. The preventive fraction of each study was extracted. Two hundred studies were found. After analyzing the inclusion and removal of duplicates, only five studies were analyzed for the quality of evidence. With the analysis through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system, it was possible to verify the very low level of scientific evidence on the effectiveness of gums containing only xylitol for the prevention of caries in children. The preventive fraction obtained varied between - 0.31 and 0.57 depending on the compared prevention strategy. The conflicting results, limitations, and inconsistencies of the studies allow us to establish that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of gums containing only xylitol for the prevention of caries in children. Other properly designed clinical trials need to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rodrigues Mota
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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29
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Multifaceted effect of caffeic acid against Streptococcus mutans infection: microbicidal and immunomodulatory agent in macrophages. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2979-2987. [PMID: 33772326 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of caffeic acid in the interface between the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory function in macrophage response against S. mutans. S. mutans (108 cfu/mL) were incubated with caffeic acid to determinate the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and macrophage cells were incubated with caffeic acid to determinate cell viability and toxicity. Anti-inflammatory effects were measured by nitrite accumulation, TNF-α and PGE2 production, and NF-kB phosphorylation, and S. mutans survival following internalization by macrophages was investigated. We found that caffeic acid presented antimicrobial activity against S. mutans (IC50 = 2.938 ± 0.1225 mM) without exerting cytotoxicity. Caffeic acid inhibited nitrite, TNF-α and PGE2 production by the NF-kB dependent pathway, indicating an immunomodulatory property. Caffeic acid also contributed to macrophage bacteria clearance activity. In summary, caffeic acid presented antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages.
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30
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Reis ACM, Bezerra DDS, Hart-Chú ENS, Stipp RN, Guedes SFDF, Neves BG, Rodrigues LKA. Quantification and gene expression of Lactobacillus casei group species associated with dentinal lesions in early childhood caries. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:69-77. [PMID: 33551619 PMCID: PMC7848803 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering that the Lactobacillus casei group is strongly associated with caries progression, the use of lactobacilli as probiotics must be balanced due to their possible involvement in dental caries. Objective This study aimed to detect and quantify L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, and L. casei group species in the active and arrested dentinal lesions of preschoolers. It also aimed to determine the expression profiles of lactobacilli genes related to adhesion, extracellular polymeric substance regulation, and pyruvate oxidation. Methods Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from dentinal lesion samples (25 active, 13 arrested) of children between 2 and 5 years of age. The samples were converted to complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were performed to quantify and determine the relative abundance (measured by percentage of total bacteria) of L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, and L. casei group species. The expression profiles of L. paracasei/casei genes (spaC and spxB) and L. rhamnosus genes (spaE and wzb) were assessed. The Student t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparisons. Results The L. casei group species were found to be part of the viable microbial community in dentinal caries. L. paracasei (p = 0.001), L. rhamnosus (p = 0.022), and L. casei (p = 0.004) group species were abundant in the active dentinal lesions compared to the arrested dentinal lesions. Only the wzb gene (p = 0.006) exhibited a statistically significant difference between the active and arrested lesions in terms of its expression profile; it was expressed to a higher extent in the active dentinal lesions. Conclusions The L. casei group species presented in large numbers in the active dentinal caries lesions, indicating that these microorganisms are related to caries activity, and the wzb gene may play an important role in caries progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Martins Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, R. Coronel Nunes de Melo 1315, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniela da Silva Bezerra
- Unichristus Campus Ecological Park, Dental College, R. João Adolfo Gurgel, 133, 60190-180, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Erika Nikitza Shiauha Hart-Chú
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nóbrega Stipp
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Gonçalves Neves
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Conselheiro José Júlio, S/N, 62010-080 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, R. Coronel Nunes de Melo 1315, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Alexandre Baraúna, 949, 60430-160 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Cota J, Dhupar A, Spadigam A, Carvalho K. Keyes triad in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A microbiological study. Adv Biomed Res 2021; 10:36. [PMID: 35071104 PMCID: PMC8744421 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_160_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), there is a need to assess if the elevated salivary glucose levels provide an environment conducive to the growth of cariogenic microorganisms specifically Streptocooccus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients were divided into three groups consisting of patients with type 2 DM with caries, patients with type 2 DM without caries and age-matched healthy nondiabetic individuals (control). Saliva samples were subjected to semiautomatic salivary glucose estimation by the glucose oxidase-peroxidase method, using the Tulip glucose estimation kit. Swabs were immediately inoculated onto Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar and Man Rogosa Sharpe agar. Results: In Group A, statistically significant positive correlation was found between S. mutans and salivary glucose (r = 0.858) as well as L. acidophilus and salivary glucose (r = 0.853). In Group B, a statistically significant positive correlation was found only between S. mutans and salivary glucose (r = 0.705) and not between L. acidophilus and salivary glucose (r = 0.387). The control group did not show a statistically significant correlation. Conclusion: It is established that salivary glucose levels reflect the diabetic state of an individual. The salivary glucose level predicted a 1.7 times higher caries susceptibility in a diabetic, as shown by results in this study. Salivary glucose causes an increase in the cariogenic load in diabetic patients, thus warranting a modification of the Keyes triad.
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Syafriza D, Sutadi H, Primasari A, Siregar Y. Spectrophotometric Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Growth and Biofilm Formation in Saliva and Histatin-5 Relate to pH and Viscosity. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Söderling E, Pienihäkkinen K. Effects of xylitol and erythritol consumption on mutans streptococci and the oral microbiota: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:599-608. [PMID: 32633595 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1788721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review of published data was conducted with the aim of assessing effects of xylitol and erythritol consumption on levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and the oral microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic and hand searches were performed to find clinical microbiological studies concerning the consumption of xylitol and erythritol chewing gum or candies, and published between 2000 and 2019. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trials conducted in healthy subjects were included in the review. RESULTS The initial search identified 561 xylitol and 83 erythritol studies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 xylitol studies and one erythritol study were reviewed. The review identified nine xylitol studies with a fair or high quality, four conducted in children and five in adults, all demonstrating a decrease in MS levels in association with habitual consumption of xylitol. The three microbiota studies employing multispecies probe approaches revealed no effects for xylitol on the microbiota. The only erythritol study fulfilling the inclusion criteria showed no consistent effects on MS levels. CONCLUSIONS Xylitol consumption is likely to decrease MS counts but it may not change the overall microbiota. Xylitol shows thus properties of an oral prebiotic. More studies are needed to demonstrate the effects of erythritol on MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Söderling
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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34
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Salli K, Söderling E, Hirvonen J, Gürsoy UK, Ouwehand AC. Influence of 2'-fucosyllactose and galacto-oligosaccharides on the growth and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:824-831. [PMID: 32498722 PMCID: PMC7525117 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides, such as 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), a prebiotic carbohydrate mixture, are being increasingly added to infant formulas, necessitating the understanding of their impact on the oral microbiota. Here, for the first time, the effects of 2'-FL and GOS on the planktonic growth and adhesion characteristics of the caries-associated oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans were assessed, and the results were compared against the effects of xylitol, lactose and glucose. There were differences in S. mutans growth between 2'-FL and GOS. None of the three S. mutans strains grew with 2'-FL, while they all grew with GOS as well as lactose and glucose. Xylitol inhibited S. mutans growth. The adhesion of S. mutans CI 2366 to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite was reduced by 2'-FL and GOS. Exopolysaccharide-mediated adhesion of S. mutans DSM 20523 to a glass surface was decreased with 2'-FL, GOS and lactose, and the adhesion of strain CI 2366 strain was reduced only by GOS. Unlike GOS, 2'-FL did not support the growth of any S. mutans strain. Neither 2'-FL nor GOS enhanced the adhesive properties of the S. mutans strains, but they inhibited some of the tested strains. Thus, the cariogenic tendency may vary between infant formulas containing different types of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Salli
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Kantvik, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - E. Söderling
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - J. Hirvonen
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Kantvik, Finland
| | - U. K. Gürsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Silva Teófilo MÍ, de Carvalho Russi TMAZ, de Barros Silva PG, Balhaddad AA, Melo MAS, Rolim JPML. The Impact of Photosensitizer Selection on Bactericidal Efficacy Of PDT against Cariogenic Biofilms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102046. [PMID: 33031937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are investigations on multiple photosensitizers for modulation of caries-related biofilms using PDT. However, much controversy remains about recommended parameters mostly on the selection of an efficient photosensitizer. OBJECTIVE The study performed a systematic review to identify the answer to the following question: What photosensitizers present high bactericidal efficacy against cariogenic biofilms? METHODS Systematic review with meta-analyses were carried out for English language articles from October to December 2019 (PRISMA standards) using MEDLINE, Scopus, Biomed Central, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science. Information on study design, biofilm model, photosensitizer, light source, energy delivery, the incubation time for photosensitizer, and bacterial reduction outcomes were recorded. We performed two meta-analyses to compare bacterial reduction, data was expressed by (1) base 10 Logarithm values and (2) Log reduction RESULTS: After the eligibility criteria were applied (PEDro scale), the selected studies showed that toluidine Blue Ortho (TBO) and methylene blue (MBO) (5-min incubation time and 5-min irradiation) demonstrated better bacterial reduction outcomes. For the data expressed by Log TBO, MBO, curcumin, and Photogem® presented a significant bacterial decrease in comparison to the control (p = 0.042). For the data represented by Log reduction, the bacterial reduction toward S.mutans was not significant for any photosensitizer (p = 0.679). CONCLUSION The lack of methodological standardization among the studies still hinders the establishment of photosensitizer and bactericidal efficiency. TBO, MBO, curcumin, and photogem generate greater PDT-based bacterial reduction on caries-related bacteria.. Further clinical studies are necessary in order to obtain conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Division of Operative Dentistry, Dept. of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Juliana P M L Rolim
- Department of Dentistry, Christus University Center (Unichristus), Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Jurczak A, Jamka-Kasprzyk M, Bębenek Z, Staszczyk M, Jagielski P, Kościelniak D, Gregorczyk-Maga I, Kołodziej I, Kępisty M, Kukurba-Setkowicz M, Bryll A, Krzyściak W. Differences in Sweet Taste Perception and Its Association with the Streptococcus mutans Cariogenic Profile in Preschool Children with Caries. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092592. [PMID: 32858903 PMCID: PMC7551438 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis about differences in sweet taste perception in the group of preschool children with and without caries, and to determine its relationship with cariogenic microbiota and the frequency of sweets consumption in children. The study group included of 63 children aged 2–6 years: 32 with caries and 31 without caries. The study consisted of collecting questionnaire data and assessment of dental status using the decayed, missing, filled in primary teeth index (dmft) and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II). The evaluation of sweet taste perception was carried out using a specific method that simultaneously assessed the level of taste preferences and the sensitivity threshold for a given taste. The microbiological analysis consisted of the assessment of the quantitative and qualitative compositions of the oral microbiota of the examined children. The sweet taste perception of children with caries was characterized by a lower susceptibility to sucrose (the preferred sucrose solution concentration was >4 g/L) compared to children without caries (in the range ≤ 4 g/L, p = 0.0015, chi-square test). A similar relationship was also observed for frequent snacking between meals (p = 0.0038, chi-square test). The analysis of studied variables showed the existence of a strong positive correlation between the perception of sweet taste and the occurrence and intensity of the cariogenic process (p = 0.007 for dmft; and p = 0.012 for ICDAS II), as well as the frequency of consuming sweets (p ≤ 0.001 for frequent and repeated consumption of sweets during the day, Spearman test) in children with caries. Additionally, children with an elevated sucrose taste threshold were more than 10-times more likely to develop S. mutans presence (OR = 10.21; 95% CI 3.11–33.44). The results of this study suggest the future use of taste preferences in children as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of increased susceptibility to caries through microbial dysbiosis towards specific species of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jurczak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Małgorzata Jamka-Kasprzyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Zuzanna Bębenek
- Department of Mycology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Czysta St 18, 31-121 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Staszczyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Faculty of Health Science, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Grzegórzecka St 20, 31-531 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Dorota Kościelniak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Iwona Kołodziej
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Magdalena Kępisty
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Magdalena Kukurba-Setkowicz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.J.); (M.J.-K.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Amira Bryll
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 19, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-57-60
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Loimaranta V, Mazurel D, Deng D, Söderling E. Xylitol and erythritol inhibit real-time biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:184. [PMID: 32600259 PMCID: PMC7325245 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regular consumption of xylitol decreases the number of cariogenic streptococci in dental plaque. In vitro biofilm models to study the mechanism of xylitol action have been set-up, but the obtained results are contradictory. Biofilm growth is a dynamic process with time-specific characteristics that may remain undetected in conventional end-point biofilm tests. In this study we used an impedance spectroscopy instrument, xCELLigence Real Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA), that allows label-free, non-invasive real-time monitoring of biofilm formation, to explore effects of xylitol on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. Based on the obtained information of biofilm dynamics, we assessed the number of viable bacteria, the polysaccharide content, and the expression levels of selected genes involved in glucan-mediated biofilm formation in different biofilm stages. Xylitol inhibition was compared with that of erythritol; another polyol suggested to have a positive impact on oral health. Results Our results showed that real-time monitoring provided new information of polyol-induced changes in S. mutans biofilm formation dynamics. The inhibitory effect of polyols was more pronounced in the early stages of biofilm formation but affected also the measured total amount of formed biofilm. Effects seen in the real-time biofilm assay were only partially explained by changes in CFU values and polysaccharide amounts in the biofilms. Both xylitol and erythritol inhibited real-time biofilm formation by all the nine tested S. mutans strains. Sensitivity of the strains to inhibition varied: some were more sensitive to xylitol and some to erythritol. Xylitol also modified the expression levels of gbpB, gtfB, gtfC and gtfD genes that are important in polysaccharide-mediated adherence of S. mutans. Conclusion The erythritol- and xylitol- induced inhibition of biofilm formation was only partly explained by decrease in the number of viable S. mutans cells or the amount of polysaccharides in the biofilm matrix, suggesting that in addition to reduced proliferation also the matrix composition and thereby the surface attachment quality of biofilm matrix may be altered by the polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuokko Loimaranta
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Danuta Mazurel
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eva Söderling
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
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Staszczyk M, Jurczak A, Magacz M, Kościelniak D, Gregorczyk-Maga I, Jamka-Kasprzyk M, Kępisty M, Kołodziej I, Kukurba-Setkowicz M, Krzyściak W. Effect of Polyols and Selected Dental Materials on the Ability to Create a Cariogenic Biofilm-On Children Caries-Associated Streptococcus Mutans Isolates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103720. [PMID: 32466155 PMCID: PMC7277333 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary caries is a disease associated with the formation of biofilm on the border of the tooth and dental filling. Its development is strongly influenced by the dietary sweet foods and the type of dental material. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of sweeteners on the ability of clinical Streptococcus mutans strains to form biofilm on dental materials. Strains were isolated from plaque samples from 40 pediatric patients from the 3-6 ICADS II group. The ability to form biofilm was tested on composite and glass ionomer dental materials used for milk teeth filling in the presence of sucrose, xylitol, sorbitol, and erythritol. The bacterial film mass after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and the number of bacterial colonies significantly decreased (p < 0.01) compared to the initial value for 5% erythritol and sorbitol on examined materials. A greater inhibitory effect was noted for glass ionomers compared to composites. Sucrose and xylitol supported biofilm formation, while erythritol had the best inhibitory effect. The use of fluoride-releasing glass ionomers exerted an effect synergistic to erythritol, i.e., inhibited plaque formation and the amount of cariogenic S. mutans. Selection of proper type of dental material together with replacing sucrose with polyols can significantly decrease risk of secondary caries development. Erithritol in combination with glass ionomer seems to be the most effective in secondary caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Staszczyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.J.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.-K.); (M.K.); (I.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.J.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.-K.); (M.K.); (I.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Marcin Magacz
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
- Doctoral School of Health and Medical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Kościelniak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.J.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.-K.); (M.K.); (I.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.J.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.-K.); (M.K.); (I.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Małgorzata Jamka-Kasprzyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.J.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.-K.); (M.K.); (I.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Magdalena Kępisty
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.J.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.-K.); (M.K.); (I.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Iwona Kołodziej
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.J.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.-K.); (M.K.); (I.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Magdalena Kukurba-Setkowicz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.J.); (D.K.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.-K.); (M.K.); (I.K.); (M.K.-S.)
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-57-60
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Badrasawi MMH, Hijjeh NH, Amer RS, Allan RM, Altamimi M. Nutrition Awareness and Oral Health among Dental Patients in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:3472753. [PMID: 32184828 PMCID: PMC7061134 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3472753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays a key role in oral and dental health. Similarly, oral health affects nutrition status and diet intake. Consumption of much cariogenic nutrients such as sugar affects dental and gum health. The awareness of dietary practices that affect the oral health is an essential component in the dental care system. The knowledge of the dietary factors that affect the oral health is a major component in the treatment plan. In this vein, this study was conducted to determine the level of awareness of nutrition information affecting oral health among dental patients who visit the private and university dental clinics in West Bank, Palestine. A total of 169 patients were invited to join the study and signed the consent form. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the required data which included patients' sociodemographics, medical history, oral care practices, dietary practices, and oral health-related nutritional awareness. Face and content validity were verified, followed by a pilot study to determine the questionnaire reliability alpha, and the data were collected from October to November 2018. The Construct Validation was done using the Rasch measurement model, and the descriptive statistical analysis was done to determine the level of awareness and the difference among the groups using SPSS version 21. The total mean score of the nutrition awareness was (9.3 ± 2.8), with higher level of nutrition awareness among females, and the highest score was 16 out of 17. The good oral health condition was reported among 44%, fair 32%, poor 16%, and bad 10% while excellent oral health was reported among only 5% of the participants. There was no significant relationship between level of nutritional awareness with economic status, level of education, or area of living. For oral health, females showed significantly better oral and gum health levels (p < 0.05). The overall level of nutrition knowledge among the participants is insufficient. These results point to the need for oral health and nutrition educational courses and programs to improve oral and nutritional awareness and knowledge among Palestinian people and dental patients in particular. Improving the dietary habits and oral practices with lifestyle changes should also be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M. H. Badrasawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus 30500, State of Palestine
| | - Nour H. Hijjeh
- Healthy and Therapeutic Nutrition Program, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron 30500, State of Palestine
| | - Rana S. Amer
- Healthy and Therapeutic Nutrition Program, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron 30500, State of Palestine
| | - Reema M. Allan
- Healthy and Therapeutic Nutrition Program, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron 30500, State of Palestine
| | - Mohammad Altamimi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus 30500, State of Palestine
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40
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Indiani CMDSP, Rizzardi KF, Crescente CL, Steiner-Oliveira C, Nobre-Dos-Santos M, Parisotto TM. Relationship Between Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli in the Oral Cavity and Intestine of Obese and Eutrophic Children With Early Childhood Caries-Preliminary Findings of a Cross-Sectional Study. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:588965. [PMID: 33363062 PMCID: PMC7759472 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.588965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief communication assessed whether there was any relationship between the counts of lactobacilli (LB) and mutans streptococci (MS) in the oral cavity and intestine of obese and eutrophic children with early childhood caries (ECC). Seventy-eight preschoolers were assigned into the following groups: 1. obese children with ECC (OECC), 2. eutrophic children with ECC (EECC), 3. obese caries-free children (OCF), and 4. eutrophic caries-free children (ECF). The diagnosis of obesity and ECC was based on the World Health Organization criteria. Dental plaque and fecal samples were collected to assess the counts of MS and LB using selective media. Data were evaluated by Poisson regression analysis, Wilcoxon test, and Sign test. Microbial indicators of ECC in obese children were MS counts in the intestine [rate ratio (RR): 4.38] and presence of LB in the oral cavity (RR: 2.12). The indicators in eutrophic children were MS levels and the presence of LB, both in the oral cavity (RR: 6.35/1.50) and intestine (RR: 2.35/2.38) (p < 0.05). The comparison between MS levels in the mouth and in the intestine revealed significant differences only in the ECF group (p = 0.04). Regarding LB presence in the mouth vs. in the intestine, except for the OCF group (p = 0.03), no other statistical differences were found. Our preliminary findings highlighted that the levels of MS and the presence of LB in the oral cavity, as well as in the lower gastrointestinal tract were associated with ECC. Moreover, obesity was found to influence this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Ferreira Rizzardi
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University São Francisco - USF, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes Crescente
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Thaís Manzano Parisotto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University São Francisco - USF, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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Cagna DR, Donovan TE, McKee JR, Eichmiller F, Metz JE, Albouy JP, Marzola R, Murphy KR, Troeltzsch M. Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 122:198-269. [PMID: 31405523 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review of the 2018 dental literature is provided to inform busy dentists about progress in the profession. Developed by the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry, each author brings discipline-specific expertise to one of the 8 sections of the report including (1) prosthodontics; (2) periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; (3) implant dentistry; (4) dental materials and therapeutics; (5) occlusion and temporomandibular disorders; (6) sleep-related breathing disorders; (7) oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and (8) dental caries and cariology. The report targets important information that will likely influence day-to-day treatment decisions. Each review is not intended to stand alone but to update interested readers so that they may visit source materials if greater detail is desired. As the profession continues its march toward evidence-based clinical decision-making, an already voluminous library of potentially valuable dental literature continues to grow. It is the intention of this review and its authors to provide assistance in navigating the extensive dental literature published in 2018. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in the clinical management of patients moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Cagna
- Professor, Associate Dean, and Residency Director, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, College of Dentistry, Memphis, Tenn.
| | - Terence E Donovan
- Professor and Head of Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James R McKee
- Private practice, Restorative Dentistry, Downers Grove, Ill
| | | | - James E Metz
- Private practice, Restorative Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jean-Pierre Albouy
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kevin R Murphy
- Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland College of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD; Private practice, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Baltimore, MD
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Scharnow AM, Solinski AE, Wuest WM. Targeting S. mutans biofilms: a perspective on preventing dental caries. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1057-1067. [PMID: 31391878 PMCID: PMC6644389 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of biofilm diseases, and dental caries in particular, have encouraged extensive research on S. mutans biofilms, including methods of preventing its formation. Numerous small molecules with specific anti-biofilm activity against this pathogen have been isolated and synthesized. Generally, these molecules can be characterized into three categories: sucrose-dependent anti-adhesion, sucrose-independent anti-adhesion and cellular signaling interference. This review aims to provide an overview of the current small molecule strategies used for targeting S. mutans biofilms, and a perspective of the future for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Scharnow
- Emory University , Chemistry Department , 1515 Dickey Dr , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
| | - Amy E Solinski
- Emory University , Chemistry Department , 1515 Dickey Dr , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
| | - William M Wuest
- Emory University , Chemistry Department , 1515 Dickey Dr , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
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Featherstone JD, Fontana M, Wolff M. Novel Anticaries and Remineralization Agents: Future Research Needs. J Dent Res 2019; 97:125-127. [PMID: 29355470 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517746371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J D Featherstone
- 1 Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Fontana
- 2 Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Wolff
- 3 Cariology and Comprehensive Care, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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