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Yin X, Liang D, He SQ, Zhang LY, Xu GK. Local Mechanical Modulation-Driven Evagination in Invaginated Epithelia. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7069-7076. [PMID: 38808684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Local cells can actively create reverse bending (evagination) in invaginated epithelia, which plays a crucial role in the formation of elaborate organisms. However, the precise physical mechanism driving the evagination remains elusive. Here, we present a three-dimensional vertex model, incorporating the intrinsic cell polarity, to explore the complex morphogenesis induced by local mechanical modulations. We find that invaginated tissues can spontaneously generate local reverse bending due to the shift of the apicobasal polarity. Their exact shapes can be analytically determined by the local apicobasal differential tension and the internal stress. Our continuum theory exhibits three regions in a phase diagram controlled by these two parameters, showing curvature transitions from ordered to disordered states. Additionally, we delve into epithelial curvature transition induced by the nucleus repositioning, revealing its active contribution to the apicobasal force generation. The uncovered mechanical principles could potentially guide more studies on epithelial folding in diverse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shuang-Quan He
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li-Yuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guang-Kui Xu
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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2
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Kantaputra P, Butali A, Eliason S, Chalkley C, Nakornchai S, Bongkochwilawan C, Kawasaki K, Kumchiang A, Ngamphiw C, Tongsima S, Ketudat Cairns JR, Olsen B, Intachai W, Ohazama A, Tucker AS, Amendt BA. CACNA1S mutation-associated dental anomalies: A calcium channelopathy. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1350-1359. [PMID: 36825457 PMCID: PMC11229413 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the molecular etiology of distinct dental anomalies found in eight Thai patients and explore the mutational effects on cellular functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed for eight patients. Whole exome sequencing, mutant protein modelling, qPCR, western blot analysis, scratch assays, immunofluorescence, confocal analysis, in situ hybridization, and scanning electron micrography of teeth were done. RESULTS All patients had molars with multiple supernumerary cusps, single-cusped premolars, and a reduction in root number. Mutation analysis highlighted a heterozygous c.865A>G; p.Ile289Val mutation in CACNA1S in the patients. CACNA1S is a component of the slowly inactivating L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel. Mutant protein modeling suggested that the mutation might allow leakage of Ca2+ or other cations, or a tightening, to restrict calcium flow. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed expression of Cacna1s in the developing murine tooth epithelium during stages of crown and root morphogenesis. In cell culture, the mutation resulted in abnormal cell migration of transfected CHO cells compared to wildtype CACNA1S, with changes to the cytoskeleton and markers of focal adhesion. CONCLUSIONS The malformations observed in our patients suggest a role for calcium signaling in organization of both cusps and roots, affecting cell dynamics within the dental epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - A Butali
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - S Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - C Chalkley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - S Nakornchai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Bongkochwilawan
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - K Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - A Kumchiang
- Na-Chauk Hospital, Na-Chauk, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - C Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - S Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - J R Ketudat Cairns
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - A Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - A S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B A Amendt
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Semjid D, Ahn H, Bayarmagnai S, Gantumur M, Kim S, Lee JH. Identification of novel candidate genes associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in Mongolian families. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:56. [PMID: 38157055 PMCID: PMC10756872 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis (TA) in nine families from Mongolia using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 41 participants, including three inherited and six non-inherited families. WES analysis was performed on 14 saliva samples from individuals with non-syndromic TA. The potential candidate genes were identified through variant filtering and segregation analysis. The filtered variants were then analyzed in silico mutation impact analysis. RESULTS WES analysis identified 21 variants associated with TA, and 5 of these variants met all filtering criteria. These variants were located in the exome region of MAST4, ITGA6, PITX2, CACNA1S, and CDON genes. The variant in PITX2 was found in eight participants from inherited and non-inherited families, while the MAST4 variant was identified in 6 participants from inherited families. CONCLUSIONS The study identified various genetic variant candidates associated with TA in different family groups, with PITX2 being the most commonly identified. Our findings suggest that MAST4 may also be a novel candidate gene for TA due to its association with the Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that five candidate genes related to focal adhesion and calcium channel complex were significant and essential in tooth development. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Identifying new pathogenic genes associated with TA can improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, leading to better diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Early detection of TA based on biomarkers can improve dental management and facilitate orthodontic and prosthetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejidnorov Semjid
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry at Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 80 Jigok-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sapaar Bayarmagnai
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Chingeltei District, Nuuriin 2-21, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Munkhjargal Gantumur
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Chingeltei District, Nuuriin 2-21, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 80 Jigok-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry at Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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Fang Z, Atukorallaya D. Count Me in, Count Me out: Regulation of the Tooth Number via Three Directional Developmental Patterns. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15061. [PMID: 37894742 PMCID: PMC10606784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth number anomalies, including hyperdontia and hypodontia, are common congenital dental problems in the dental clinic. The precise number of teeth in a dentition is essential for proper speech, mastication, and aesthetics. Teeth are ectodermal organs that develop from the interaction of a thickened epithelium (dental placode) with the neural-crest-derived ectomesenchyme. There is extensive histological, molecular, and genetic evidence regarding how the tooth number is regulated in this serial process, but there is currently no universal classification for tooth number abnormalities. In this review, we propose a novel regulatory network for the tooth number based on the inherent dentition formation process. This network includes three intuitive directions: the development of a single tooth, the formation of a single dentition with elongation of the continual lamina, and tooth replacement with the development of the successional lamina. This article summarizes recent reports on early tooth development and provides an analytical framework to classify future relevant experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devi Atukorallaya
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W2, Canada;
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Wang Y, Stonehouse-Smith D, Cobourne MT, Green JBA, Seppala M. Cellular mechanisms of reverse epithelial curvature in tissue morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1066399. [PMID: 36518538 PMCID: PMC9742543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1066399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial bending plays an essential role during the multiple stages of organogenesis and can be classified into two types: invagination and evagination. The early stages of invaginating and evaginating organs are often depicted as simple concave and convex curves respectively, but in fact majority of the epithelial organs develop through a more complex pattern of curvature: concave flanked by convex and vice versa respectively. At the cellular level, this is far from a geometrical truism: locally cells must passively adapt to, or actively create such an epithelial structure that is typically composed of opposite and connected folds that form at least one s-shaped curve that we here, based on its appearance, term as "reverse curves." In recent years, invagination and evagination have been studied in increasing cellular detail. A diversity of mechanisms, including apical/basal constriction, vertical telescoping and extrinsic factors, all orchestrate epithelial bending to give different organs their final shape. However, how cells behave collectively to generate reverse curves remains less well-known. Here we review experimental models that characteristically form reverse curves during organogenesis. These include the circumvallate papillae in the tongue, crypt-villus structure in the intestine, and early tooth germ and describe how, in each case, reverse curves form to connect an invaginated or evaginated placode or opposite epithelial folds. Furthermore, by referring to the multicellular system that occur in the invagination and evagination, we attempt to provide a summary of mechanisms thought to be involved in reverse curvature consisting of apical/basal constriction, and extrinsic factors. Finally, we describe the emerging techniques in the current investigations, such as organoid culture, computational modelling and live imaging technologies that have been utilized to improve our understanding of the cellular mechanisms in early tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Stonehouse-Smith
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn T. Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy B. A. Green
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maisa Seppala
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Hermans F, Hemeryck L, Lambrichts I, Bronckaers A, Vankelecom H. Intertwined Signaling Pathways Governing Tooth Development: A Give-and-Take Between Canonical Wnt and Shh. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758203. [PMID: 34778267 PMCID: PMC8586510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth play essential roles in life. Their development relies on reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm-derived dental epithelium and the underlying neural crest-originated mesenchyme. This odontogenic process serves as a prototype model for the development of ectodermal appendages. In the mouse, developing teeth go through distinct morphological phases that are tightly controlled by epithelial signaling centers. Crucial molecular regulators of odontogenesis include the evolutionarily conserved Wnt, BMP, FGF and sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways. These signaling modules do not act on their own, but are closely intertwined during tooth development, thereby outlining the path to be taken by specific cell populations including the resident dental stem cells. Recently, pivotal Wnt-Shh interaction and feedback loops have been uncovered during odontogenesis, showing conservation in other developing ectodermal appendages. This review provides an integrated overview of the interplay between canonical Wnt and Shh throughout mouse tooth formation stages, extending from the initiation of dental placode to the fully formed adult tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hermans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lara Hemeryck
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Developmental influence on evolutionary rates and the origin of placental mammal tooth complexity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019294118. [PMID: 34083433 PMCID: PMC8202019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019294118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions during development among genes, cells, and tissues can favor the more frequent generation of some trait variants compared with others. This developmental bias has often been considered to constrain adaptation, but its exact influence on evolution is poorly understood. Using computer simulations of development, we provide evidence that molecules promoting the formation of mammalian tooth cusps could help accelerate tooth complexity evolution. Only relatively small developmental changes were needed to derive the more complex, rectangular upper molar typical of early placental mammals from the simpler triangular ancestral pattern. Development may therefore have enabled the relatively fast divergence of the early placental molar dentition. Development has often been viewed as a constraining force on morphological adaptation, but its precise influence, especially on evolutionary rates, is poorly understood. Placental mammals provide a classic example of adaptive radiation, but the debate around rate and drivers of early placental evolution remains contentious. A hallmark of early dental evolution in many placental lineages was a transition from a triangular upper molar to a more complex upper molar with a rectangular cusp pattern better specialized for crushing. To examine how development influenced this transition, we simulated dental evolution on “landscapes” built from different parameters of a computational model of tooth morphogenesis. Among the parameters examined, we find that increases in the number of enamel knots, the developmental precursors of the tooth cusps, were primarily influenced by increased self-regulation of the molecular activator (activation), whereas the pattern of knots resulted from changes in both activation and biases in tooth bud growth. In simulations, increased activation facilitated accelerated evolutionary increases in knot number, creating a lateral knot arrangement that evolved at least ten times on placental upper molars. Relatively small increases in activation, superimposed on an ancestral tritubercular molar growth pattern, could recreate key changes leading to a rectangular upper molar cusp pattern. Tinkering with tooth bud geometry varied the way cusps initiated along the posterolingual molar margin, suggesting that small spatial variations in ancestral molar growth may have influenced how placental lineages acquired a hypocone cusp. We suggest that development could have enabled relatively fast higher-level divergence of the placental molar dentition.
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Ko D(J, Kelly T, Thompson L, Uppal JK, Rostampour N, Webb MA, Zhu N, Belev G, Mondal P, Cooper DML, Boughner JC. Timing of Mouse Molar Formation Is Independent of Jaw Length Including Retromolar Space. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9010008. [PMID: 33809066 PMCID: PMC8006249 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For humans and other mammals to eat effectively, teeth must develop properly inside the jaw. Deciphering craniodental integration is central to explaining the timely formation of permanent molars, including third molars which are often impacted in humans, and to clarifying how teeth and jaws fit, function and evolve together. A factor long-posited to influence molar onset time is the jaw space available for each molar organ to form within. Here, we tested whether each successive molar initiates only after a minimum threshold of space is created via jaw growth. We used synchrotron-based micro-CT scanning to assess developing molars in situ within jaws of C57BL/6J mice aged E10 to P32, encompassing molar onset to emergence. We compared total jaw, retromolar and molar lengths, and molar onset times, between upper and lower jaws. Initiation time and developmental duration were comparable between molar upper and lower counterparts despite shorter, slower-growing retromolar space in the upper jaw, and despite size differences between upper and lower molars. Timing of molar formation appears unmoved by jaw length including space. Conditions within the dental lamina likely influence molar onset much more than surrounding jaw tissues. We theorize that molar initiation is contingent on sufficient surface area for the physical reorganization of dental epithelium and its invagination of underlying mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy (Jihyung) Ko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Tess Kelly
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Lacey Thompson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Jasmene K. Uppal
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Nasim Rostampour
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Mark Adam Webb
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (M.A.W.); (N.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Ning Zhu
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (M.A.W.); (N.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - George Belev
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (M.A.W.); (N.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Prosanta Mondal
- Clinical Research Support Unit, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - David M. L. Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
| | - Julia C. Boughner
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (D.K.); (T.K.); (L.T.); (J.K.U.); (N.R.); (D.M.L.C.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Du W, Bhojwani A, Hu JK. FACEts of mechanical regulation in the morphogenesis of craniofacial structures. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:4. [PMID: 33547271 PMCID: PMC7865003 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, organs undergo distinct and programmed morphological changes as they develop into their functional forms. While genetics and biochemical signals are well recognized regulators of morphogenesis, mechanical forces and the physical properties of tissues are now emerging as integral parts of this process as well. These physical factors drive coordinated cell movements and reorganizations, shape and size changes, proliferation and differentiation, as well as gene expression changes, and ultimately sculpt any developing structure by guiding correct cellular architectures and compositions. In this review we focus on several craniofacial structures, including the tooth, the mandible, the palate, and the cranium. We discuss the spatiotemporal regulation of different mechanical cues at both the cellular and tissue scales during craniofacial development and examine how tissue mechanics control various aspects of cell biology and signaling to shape a developing craniofacial organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arshia Bhojwani
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jimmy K Hu
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Zhang Y, Fons JM, Hajihosseini MK, Zhang T, Tucker AS. An Essential Requirement for Fgf10 in Pinna Extension Sheds Light on Auricle Defects in LADD Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:609643. [PMID: 33363172 PMCID: PMC7758485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pinna (or auricle) is part of the external ear, acting to capture and funnel sound toward the middle ear. The pinna is defective in a number of craniofacial syndromes, including Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital (LADD) syndrome, which is caused by mutations in FGF10 or its receptor FGFR2b. Here we study pinna defects in the Fgf10 knockout mouse. We show that Fgf10 is expressed in both the muscles and forming cartilage of the developing external ear, with loss of signaling leading to a failure in the normal extension of the pinna over the ear canal. Conditional knockout of Fgf10 in the neural crest fails to recapitulate this phenotype, suggesting that the defect is due to loss of Fgf10 from the muscles, or that this source of Fgf10 can compensate for loss in the forming cartilage. The defect in the Fgf10 null mouse is driven by a reduction in proliferation, rather than an increase in cell death, which can be partially phenocopied by inhibiting cell proliferation in explant culture. Overall, we highlight the mechanisms that could lead to the phenotype observed in LADD syndrome patients and potentially explain the formation of similar low-set and cup shaped ears observed in other syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ear Nasal and Throat (ENT) Institute, Eye and Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan M. Fons
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tianyu Zhang
- Ear Nasal and Throat (ENT) Institute, Eye and Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang S, Lee JM, Ashok AA, Jung HS. Action of Actomyosin Contraction With Shh Modulation Drive Epithelial Folding in the Circumvallate Papilla. Front Physiol 2020; 11:936. [PMID: 32848868 PMCID: PMC7411262 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse tongue possesses three types of gustatory papillae: large circumvallate papillae (CVP), foliate papillae (FOP) and fungiform papillae (FFP). Although CVP is the largest papilla and contain a high density of taste buds, little is known about CVP development. Their transition from placode to dome-shape is particularly ambiguous. Understanding this phase is crucial since dome-shaped morphology is essential for proper localization of the imminent nerve fibers and taste buds. Here, we report actomyosin-dependent apical and basal constriction of epithelial cells during dynamic epithelial folding. Furthermore, actomyosin-dependent basal constriction requires focal adhesion kinase to guide dome-shape formation. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is closely associated with the differentiation or survival of the neurons in CVP ganglion and cytoskeletal alteration in trench epithelial cells which regulate CVP morphogenesis. Our results demonstrate the CVP morphogenesis mechanism from placode to dome-shape by actomyosin-dependent cell shape change and suggest roles that Shh may play in trench and stromal core formation during CVP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushan Zhang
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Taste Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Taste Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Adpaikar Anish Ashok
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Taste Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Taste Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Mogollón I, Ahtiainen L. Live Tissue Imaging Sheds Light on Cell Level Events During Ectodermal Organ Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:818. [PMID: 32765297 PMCID: PMC7378809 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development of ectodermal organs involves a very dynamic range of cellular events and, therefore, requires advanced techniques to visualize them. Ectodermal organogenesis proceeds in well-defined sequential stages mediated by tissue interactions. Different ectodermal organs feature shared morphological characteristics, which are regulated by conserved and reiterative signaling pathways. A wealth of genetic information on the expression patterns and interactions of specific signaling pathways has accumulated over the years. However, the conventional developmental biology methods have mainly relied on two-dimensional tissue histological analyses at fixed time points limiting the possibilities to follow the processes in real time on a single cell resolution. This has complicated the interpretation of cause and effect relationships and mechanisms of the successive events. Whole-mount tissue live imaging approaches are now revealing how reshaping of the epithelial sheet for the initial placodal thickening, budding morphogenesis and beyond, involve coordinated four dimensional changes in cell shapes, well-orchestrated cell movements and specific cell proliferation and apoptosis patterns. It is becoming evident that the interpretation of the reiterative morphogenic signals takes place dynamically at the cellular level. Depending on the context, location, and timing they drive different cell fate choices and cellular interactions regulating a pattern of behaviors that ultimately defines organ shapes and sizes. Here we review how new tissue models, advances in 3D and live tissue imaging techniques have brought new understanding on the cell level behaviors that contribute to the highly dynamic stages of morphogenesis in teeth, hair and related ectodermal organs during development, and in dysplasia contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mogollón
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology/Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Ahtiainen
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology/Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Yang J, Lu X, Liu S, Zhao S. The involvement of genes related to bile secretion pathway in rat tooth germ development. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:99-107. [PMID: 32095972 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tooth formation is accomplished under strict genetic control procedures. Therefore, exploring the gene network system of tooth development has a very positive practical significance for the study of tooth tissue regeneration and the prevention and treatment of tooth abnormalities. Early bell stage is the initial phase of odontoblast formation and dentin matrix deposition in the process of tooth development. Through RNA sequencing and differential gene analysis of the rat tooth germ samples at cap stage and early bell stage, we found that the bile secretion pathway was the most significant difference signal pathway during the development between cap stage and bell stage, which mainly included ABCC3, AQP4, SLC10A1, SLC2A1, SLC4A4, ADCY5, AQP9, CFTR, ATP1A2, ATP1B1 and ATP1A1, totally 11genes. Immunostaining revealed that SLC2A1, SLC4A4, ADCY5 and ATP1B1were mainly expressed in epithelium in bud stage and inner and outer enamel epithelium during the embryonic phase. In the postnatal 1 and postnatal 7, SLC2A1, SLC4A4 and ABCC3 were highly expressed in ameloblasts and odontoblasts while ADCY5, ATP1B1 and SLC10A1was expressed moderately only in odontoblasts. This finding illustrated that the bile secretion pathway related genes may participate in the development of tooth germ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Brăescu R, Săvinescu SD, Tatarciuc MS, Zetu IN, Giuşcă SE, Căruntu ID. Pointing on the early stages of maxillary bone and tooth development - histological findings. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2020; 61:167-174. [PMID: 32747908 PMCID: PMC7728135 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the morphological stages of tooth development, in parallel with maxillary bone construction, are known for decades, the intimate mechanisms of early development of the oral cavity structures and tooth's proper and associated tissues are still incompletely elucidated. Nowadays, the research in embryology was shifted from the morphological to the molecular and genetic approach. This new approach is accomplished by using in vivo and in vitro experimental studies performed on animal models and cell lines. The interest in the knowledge of these events at gene and molecular level is still current, aiming to sustain the progress in the endorsement of novel regenerative and restorative therapies. However, the morphological standpoint maintains its interest, because the extrapolation of the results of experimental studies in humans requires a strong confirmation. Within this context, our work aims to analyze the histological characteristics of the maxillary bone and integrated tooth germs during the early stages of embryonic development. The study group consisted in mandible fragments obtained by dissection of the cephalic extremities collected from fetuses aged from 10 to 24 weeks, after medical or spontaneous abortions. The tissue specimens were processed for the histological exam. The histoarchitectonic traits of the initial stages of mandibular bone tissue and tooth development were assessed. The results revealed the dynamics of the ossification stages, from stages of early-dispersed intramembranous ossification to the organization of the dental alveoli, incorporated step-by-step in the maxillary body, and the simultaneous presence of tooth germs with different sizes and shapes, in accordance with the development stage. Our study complements the existing data regarding the embryonic period, bringing an important contribution for the enlargement of existing morphological, visual information for maxillary bone and tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Brăescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I - Pathology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania; ,
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