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Wang S, Yang B, Mu H, Dong W, Yang B, Wang X, Yu W, Dong Z, Wang J. PTX3 promotes cementum formation and cementoblast differentiation via HA/ITGB1/FAK/YAP1 signaling pathway. Bone 2024; 187:117199. [PMID: 38992453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cementum is a vital component of periodontium, yet its regeneration remains a challenge. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and bone metabolism regulation. However, the role of PTX3 in cementum formation and cementoblast differentiation has not been elucidated. In this study, we initially observed an increase in PTX3 expression during cementum formation and cementoblast differentiation. Then, overexpression of PTX3 significantly enhanced the differentiation ability of cementoblasts. While conversely, PTX3 knockdown exerted an inhibitory effect. Moreover, in Ptx3-deficient mice, we found that cementum formation was hampered. Furthermore, we confirmed the presence of PTX3 within the hyaluronan (HA) matrix, thereby activating the ITGB1/FAK/YAP1 signaling pathway. Notably, inhibiting any component of this signaling pathway partially reduced the ability of PTX3 to promote cementoblast differentiation. In conclusion, our study indicated that PTX3 promotes cementum formation and cementoblast differentiation, which is partially dependent on the HA/ITGB1/FAK/YAP1 signaling pathway. This research will contribute to our understanding of cementum regeneration after destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Beining Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Hailin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Baochen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wenqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Zhipeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
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Fujikawa K, Socorro M, Lukashova L, Hoskere P, Keskinidis P, Verdelis K, Napierala D. Deficiency of Trps1 in Cementoblasts Impairs Cementogenesis and Tooth Root Formation. Calcif Tissue Int 2024:10.1007/s00223-024-01277-2. [PMID: 39177752 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Cementum is the least studied of all mineralized tissues and little is known about mechanisms regulating its formation. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide new insights into the transcriptional regulation of cementum formation by determining the consequences of the deficiency of the Trps1 transcription factor in cementoblasts. We used Trps1Col1a1 cKO (2.3Co1a1-CreERT2;Trps1fl/fl) mice, in which Trps1 is deleted in cementoblasts. Micro-computed tomography analyses of molars of 4-week-old males and females demonstrated significantly shorter roots with thinner mineralized tissues (root dentin and cementum) in Trps1Col1a1 cKO compared to WT mice. Semi-quantitative histological analyses revealed a significantly reduced area of cellular cementum and localized deficiencies of acellular cementum in Trps1Col1a1 cKO mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed clustering of cementoblasts at the apex of roots, and intermittent absence of cementoblasts on Trps1Col1a1 cKO cementum surfaces. Fewer Osterix-positive cells adjacent to cellular cementum were also detected in Trps1Col1a1 cKO compared to WT mice. Decreased levels of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an enzyme required for proper cementogenesis, were apparent in cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone of Trps1Col1a1 cKO. There were no apparent differences in levels of bone sialoprotein (Bsp) in cementum. Quantitative analyses of picrosirius red-stained periodontal ligament revealed shorter and disorganized collagen fibers in Trps1Col1a1 cKO mice demonstrating impaired periodontal structure. In conclusion, this study has identified Trps1 transcription factor as one of the important regulators of cellular and acellular cementum formation. Furthermore, this study suggests that Trps1 supports the function of cementoblasts by upregulating expression of the major proteins required for cementogenesis, such as Osterix and TNAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Fujikawa
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mairobys Socorro
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lyudmila Lukashova
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Priyanka Hoskere
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Paulina Keskinidis
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kostas Verdelis
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Foster BL, Boyce AM, Millán JL, Kramer K, Ferreira CR, Somerman MJ, Wright JT. Inherited phosphate and pyrophosphate disorders: New insights and novel therapies changing the oral health landscape. J Am Dent Assoc 2024:S0002-8177(24)00370-2. [PMID: 39127957 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mineral metabolism is critical for proper development of hard tissues of the skeleton and dentition. The dentoalveolar complex includes the following 4 mineralized tissues: enamel, dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone. Developmental processes of these tissues are affected by inherited disorders that disrupt phosphate and pyrophosphate homeostasis, although manifestations are distinct from those in the skeleton. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors discuss original data from experiments and comparative analyses and review articles describing effects of inherited phosphate and pyrophosphate disorders on dental tissues. A particular emphasis is placed on how new therapeutic approaches for these conditions may affect oral health and dental treatments of affected patients. RESULTS Disorders of phosphate and pyrophosphate metabolism can lead to reduced mineralization (hypomineralization) or inappropriate (ectopic) calcification of soft tissues. Disruptions in phosphate levels in X-linked hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis and disruptions in pyrophosphate levels in hypophosphatasia and generalized arterial calcification of infancy contribute to dental mineralization defects. Traditionally, there have been few options to ameliorate dental health problems arising from these conditions. New antibody and enzyme replacement therapies bring possibilities to improve oral health in affected patients. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Research over the past 2 decades has exponentially expanded the understanding of mineral metabolism, and has led to novel treatments for mineralization disorders. Newly implemented and emerging therapeutic strategies affect the dentoalveolar complex and interact with aspects of oral health care that must be considered for dental treatment, clinical trial design, and coordination of multidisciplinary care teams.
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Komori T, Kram V, Perry S, Pham HT, Jani P, Kilts TM, Watanabe K, Kim DG, Martin D, Young MF. Type VI Collagen Deficiency Causes Enhanced Periodontal Tissue Destruction. J Dent Res 2024:220345241256306. [PMID: 38910439 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241256306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a fibrillar connective tissue that lies between the alveolar bone and the tooth and is composed of highly specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and a heterogeneous population of cells that are responsible for collagen formation, immune response, bone formation, and chewing force sensation. Type VI collagen (COL6), a widely distributed ECM molecule, plays a critical role in the structural integrity and mechanical properties of various tissues including muscle, tendon, bone, cartilage, and skin. However, its role in the PDL remains largely unknown. Our study shows that deficiency of COL6 impairs PDL fibrillogenesis and exacerbates tissue destruction in ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP). We found that COL6-deficient mice exhibited increased bone loss and degraded PDL in LIP and that fibroblasts expressing high levels of Col6α2 are pivotal in ECM organization and cell-ECM interactions. Moreover, COL6 deficiency in the PDL led to an increased number of fibroblasts geared toward the inflammatory response. We also observed that cultured COL6-deficient fibroblasts from the PDL exhibited decreased expression of genes related to collagen fiber turnover and ECM organization as well as migration and proliferation. Our findings suggest that COL6 plays a crucial role in the PDL, influencing fibroblast function in fibrillogenesis and affecting the immune response in periodontitis. These insights advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PDL maturation and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Komori
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Perry
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H T Pham
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dentistry, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - P Jani
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T M Kilts
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Watanabe
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D G Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Martin
- NIDCD/NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M F Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Arhar A, Pavlič A, Hočevar L. Characteristics of oral health of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia: case reports and literature review. BDJ Open 2024; 10:42. [PMID: 38821917 PMCID: PMC11143263 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health is impaired in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), resulting in delayed dental development, malocclusion, and radiographic abnormalities. This study investigates the oral manifestations in Slovenian XLH patients, focusing on enamel and dentin abnormalities and a literature review of spontaneous periapical abscesses in XLH cases. OBJECTIVES To report XLH patients with specific oral signs and symptoms, histological analysis of affected teeth, and review of reported cases of XLH patients with spontaneous periapical abscesses. METHODS Case reports: Seven XLH patients from the National Registry of Patients with Rare Diseases underwent a detailed oral examination, including X-ray reviews. The patients who were expected to have tooth exfoliation or extraction were asked to donate their teeth for histological analysis by scanning electron microscopy. LITERATURE SEARCH A literature search of four electronic databases and a manual bibliography search aimed to identify documented cases of XLH with periapical abscesses up to January 21, 2024. Inclusion criteria were confirmed XLH patients with periapical abscesses in English peer-reviewed publications. RESULTS Tooth samples from three XLH patients showed reduced dentin mineralisation, affecting one-third to one-half of the outer dentin. Inadequate mineralisation, uneven dentin tubules, and cracks and chipping in the enamel were observed, indicating mineralisation deviations. Similar cracks extended into the dentin and were also present in the root of the examined tooth. Based on the content of the 75 items identified in the search, spontaneous abscesses are not uncommon in patients with XLH. CONCLUSIONS XLH significantly affects patients' lives and requires lifelong treatment. Dental examinations consistently revealed oral problems, including malocclusion. Histological analysis confirmed structural changes, especially in the dentin. Despite continued treatment, XLH patients may have an increased risk of oral pathologies. Further research is needed to understand the impact of XLH and its treatment on dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arhar
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Pavlič
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Hočevar
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Lira Dos Santos EJ, Nakajima K, Po J, Hanai A, Zhukouskaya V, Biosse Duplan M, Linglart A, Shimada T, Chaussain C, Bardet C. Dental impact of anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 therapy in X-linked hypophosphatemia. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:53. [PMID: 38052774 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) results in rickets and phosphate wasting, manifesting by severe bone and dental abnormalities. Burosumab, a FGF23-neutralizing antibody, an alternative to conventional treatment (phosphorus and active vitamin D analogs), showed significant improvement in the long bone phenotype. Here, we examined whether FGF23 antibody (FGF23-mAb) also improved the dentoalveolar features associated with XLH. Four-week-old male Hyp mice were injected weekly with 4 or 16 mg·kg-1 of FGF23-mAb for 2 months and compared to wild-type (WT) and vehicle (PBS) treated Hyp mice (n = 3-7 mice). Micro-CT analyses showed that both doses of FGF23-mAb restored dentin/cementum volume and corrected the enlarged pulp volume in Hyp mice, the higher concentration resulting in a rescue similar to WT levels. FGF23-mAb treatment also improved alveolar bone volume fraction and mineral density compared to vehicle-treated ones. Histology revealed improved mineralization of the dentoalveolar tissues, with a decreased amount of osteoid, predentin and cementoid. Better periodontal ligament attachment was also observed, evidenced by restoration of the acellular cementum. These preclinical data were consistent with the retrospective analysis of two patients with XLH showing that burosumab treatment improved oral features. Taken together, our data show that the dentoalveolar tissues are greatly improved by FGF23-mAb treatment, heralding its benefit in clinics for dental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis J Lira Dos Santos
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France
| | - Kenta Nakajima
- R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin, Co., Ltd, 3-6-6 Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Julien Po
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France
| | - Ayako Hanai
- R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin, Co., Ltd, 3-6-6 Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Volha Zhukouskaya
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France
| | - Martin Biosse Duplan
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, GHN-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Paris-Saclay University, AP-HP, INSERM U1185, DMU SEA, Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, OSCAR filière, EndoRare, and BOND ERNs, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin, Co., Ltd, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France
- AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, GHN-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Bardet
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France.
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Mohamed FF, Hoac B, Phanrungsuwan A, Tan MH, Giovani PA, Ghiba S, Murshed M, Foster BL, McKee MD. Contributions of increased osteopontin and hypophosphatemia to dentoalveolar defects in osteomalacic Hyp mice. Bone 2023; 176:116886. [PMID: 37634682 PMCID: PMC10529969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is an inherited disorder caused by inactivating mutations in the PHEX gene leading to renal phosphate wasting, rickets and osteomalacia. XLH is also associated with dentoalveolar mineralization defects in tooth enamel, dentin and cementum, and in alveolar bone, which lead to an increased prevalence of dental abscesses, periodontal disease and tooth loss. Genetic mouse experiments, and deficiencies in XLH patient therapies where treatments do not fully ameliorate mineralization defects, suggest that other pathogenic mechanisms may exist in XLH. The mineralization-inhibiting, secreted extracellular matrix phosphoprotein osteopontin (OPN, gene Spp1) is a substrate for the PHEX enzyme whereby extensive and inactivating degradation of inhibitory OPN by PHEX facilitates mineralization. Conversely, excess OPN accumulation in skeletal and dental tissues - for example in XLH where inactivating mutations in the PHEX gene limit degradation of inhibitory OPN, or as occurs in Fgf23-null mice - contributes to mineralization defects. We hypothesized that Spp1/OPN ablation in Hyp mice (a mouse model for XLH) would reduce dentoalveolar mineralization defects. Immunostaining revealed increased OPN in Hyp vs. wild-type (WT) alveolar bone, particularly in osteocyte lacunocanalicular networks where Hyp mice have characteristic hypomineralized peri-osteocytic lesions (POLs). Micro-computed tomography and histology showed that ablation of Spp1 in Hyp mice (Hyp;Spp1-/-) on a normal diet did not ameliorate bulk defects in enamel, dentin, or alveolar bone. On a high-phosphate diet, both Hyp and Hyp;Spp1-/- mice showed improved mineralization of enamel, dentin, and alveolar bone. Silver staining indicated Spp1 ablation did not improve alveolar or mandibular bone osteocyte POLs in Hyp mice; however, they were normalized by a high-phosphate diet in both Hyp and Hyp;Spp1-/- mice, although inducing increased OPN. Collectively, these data indicate that despite changes in OPN content in the dentoalveolar mineralized tissues, there exist other compensatory mineralization mechanisms that arise from knockout of Spp1/OPN in the Hyp background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma F Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Betty Hoac
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michelle H Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Sana Ghiba
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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8
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Carpenter KA, Alkhatib DO, Dulion BA, Guirado E, Patel S, Chen Y, George A, Ross RD. Sclerostin antibody improves alveolar bone quality in the Hyp mouse model of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:47. [PMID: 37813865 PMCID: PMC10562382 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare disease of elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production that leads to hypophosphatemia and impaired mineralization of bone and teeth. The clinical manifestations of XLH include a high prevalence of dental abscesses and periodontal disease, likely driven by poorly formed structures of the dentoalveolar complex, including the alveolar bone, cementum, dentin, and periodontal ligament. Our previous studies have demonstrated that sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) treatment improves phosphate homeostasis, and increases long bone mass, strength, and mineralization in the Hyp mouse model of XLH. In the current study, we investigated whether Scl-Ab impacts the dentoalveolar structures of Hyp mice. Male and female wild-type and Hyp littermates were injected with 25 mg·kg-1 of vehicle or Scl-Ab twice weekly beginning at 12 weeks of age and euthanized at 20 weeks of age. Scl-Ab increased alveolar bone mass in both male and female mice and alveolar tissue mineral density in the male mice. The positive effects of Scl-Ab were consistent with an increase in the fraction of active (nonphosphorylated) β-catenin, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and osteopontin stained alveolar osteocytes. Scl-Ab had no effect on the mass and mineralization of dentin, enamel, acellular or cellular cementum. There was a nonsignificant trend toward increased periodontal ligament (PDL) attachment fraction within the Hyp mice. Additional PDL fiber structural parameters were not affected by Scl-Ab. The current study demonstrates that Scl-Ab can improve alveolar bone in adult Hyp mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Carpenter
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Delia O Alkhatib
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bryan A Dulion
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guirado
- Department of Oral Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shreya Patel
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Oral Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Ariceta G, Beck-Nielsen SS, Boot AM, Brandi ML, Briot K, de Lucas Collantes C, Emma F, Giannini S, Haffner D, Keen R, Levtchenko E, Mӓkitie O, Mughal MZ, Nilsson O, Schnabel D, Tripto-Shkolnik L, Liu J, Williams A, Wood S, Zillikens MC. The International X-Linked Hypophosphatemia (XLH) Registry: first interim analysis of baseline demographic, genetic and clinical data. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:304. [PMID: 37752558 PMCID: PMC10523658 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare, hereditary, progressive, renal phosphate-wasting disorder characterized by a pathological increase in FGF23 concentration and activity. Due to its rarity, diagnosis may be delayed, which can adversely affect outcomes. As a chronic disease resulting in progressive accumulation of musculoskeletal manifestations, it is important to understand the natural history of XLH over the patient's lifetime and the impact of drug treatments and other interventions. This multicentre, international patient registry (International XLH Registry) was established to address the paucity of these data. Here we present the findings of the first interim analysis of the registry. RESULTS The International XLH Registry was initiated in August 2017 and includes participants of all ages diagnosed with XLH, regardless of their treatment and management. At the database lock for this first interim analysis (29 March 2021), 579 participants had entered the registry before 30 November 2020 and are included in the analysis (360 children [62.2%], 217 adults [37.5%] and 2 whose ages were not recorded [0.3%]; 64.2% were female). Family history data were available for 319/345 (92.5%) children and 145/187 (77.5%) adults; 62.1% had biological parents affected by XLH. Genetic testing data were available for 341 (94.7%) children and 203 (93.5%) adults; 370/546 (67.8%) had genetic test results; 331/370 (89.5%) had a confirmed PHEX mutation. A notably longer time to diagnosis was observed in adults ≥ 50 years of age (mean [median] duration 9.4 [2.0] years) versus all adults (3.7 [0.1] years) and children (1.0 [0.2] years). Participants presented with normal weight, shorter length or height and elevated body mass index (approximately - 2 and + 2 Z-scores, respectively) versus the general population. Clinical histories were collected for 349 participants (239 children and 110 adults). General data trends for prevalence of bone, dental, renal and joint conditions in all participants were aligned with expectations for a typical population of people with XLH. CONCLUSION The data collected within the International XLH Registry, the largest XLH registry to date, provide substantial information to address the paucity of natural history data, starting with demographic, family history, genetic testing, diagnosis, auxology and baseline data on clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Ariceta
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Signe Sparre Beck-Nielsen
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Åarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Åarhus, Denmark
| | - Annemieke M Boot
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karine Briot
- Hôpital Cochin, Service de Rhumatologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate Filière OSCAR, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Francesco Emma
- Division of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Giannini
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 1, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Keen
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Outi Mӓkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Zulf Mughal
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospital's NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University and University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dirk Schnabel
- Center for Chronically Sick Children, Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liana Tripto-Shkolnik
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Sue Wood
- Kyowa Kirin International, Marlow, UK
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Bone Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Mohamed FF, de Oliveira FA, Kinoshita Y, Yalamanchili RR, Eltilib LA, Andras NL, Narisawa S, Tani T, Chu EY, Millán JL, Foster BL. Dentoalveolar Alterations in an Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mouse Model. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1192-1207. [PMID: 37191192 PMCID: PMC10524958 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by kidney damage and loss of renal function. CKD mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) describes the dysregulation of mineral homeostasis, including hyperphosphatemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, skeletal abnormalities, and vascular calcification. CKD-MBD impacts the oral cavity, with effects including salivary gland dysfunction, enamel hypoplasia and damage, increased dentin formation, decreased pulp volume, pulp calcifications, and altered jaw bones, contributing to clinical manifestations of periodontal disease and tooth loss. Underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and CKD mouse models commonly require invasive procedures with high rates of infection and mortality. We aimed to characterize the dentoalveolar effects of an adenine diet (AD)-induced CKD (AD-CKD) mouse model. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were provided either a normal phosphorus diet control (CTR) or adenine and high-phosphorus diet CKD to induce kidney failure. Mice were euthanized at 15 weeks old, and mandibles were collected for micro-computed tomography and histology. CKD mice exhibited kidney failure, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism in association with porous cortical bone in femurs. CKD mice showed a 30% decrease in molar enamel volume compared to CTR mice. Enamel wear was associated with reduced ductal components, ectopic calcifications, and altered osteopontin (OPN) deposition in submandibular salivary glands of CKD mice. Molar cusps in CKD mice were flattened, exposing dentin. Molar dentin/cementum volume increased 7% in CKD mice and pulp volume decreased. Histology revealed excessive reactionary dentin and altered pulp-dentin extracellular matrix proteins, including increased OPN. Mandibular bone volume fraction decreased 12% and bone mineral density decreased 9% in CKD versus CTR mice. Alveolar bone in CKD mice exhibited increased tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase localization, OPN deposition, and greater osteoclast numbers. AD-CKD recapitulated key aspects reported in CKD patients and revealed new insights into CKD-associated oral defects. This model has potential for studying mechanisms of dentoalveolar defects or therapeutic interventions. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma F. Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Flavia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuka Kinoshita
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Riti R. Yalamanchili
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leena A. Eltilib
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Natalie L. Andras
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Tani
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emily Y. Chu
- Department of General Dentistry, Operative Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Ross R, Carpenter K, Alkhatib D, Dulion B, Guirado E, Patel S, Chen Y, George A. Sclerostin antibody improves alveolar bone quality in the Hyp mouse model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia (XLH). RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2762671. [PMID: 37090634 PMCID: PMC10120757 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2762671/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare disease of elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production that leads to hypophosphatemia and poor mineralization of bone and teeth. The clinical manifestations of XLH include a high prevalence of dental abscesses, likely driven by poorly formed structures of the dentoalveolar complex, including the alveolar bone, cementum, dentin, and periodontal ligament. Our previous studies have demonstrated that sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) treatment improves phosphate homeostasis, and increases bone mass, strength and mineralization in the Hyp mouse model of XLH. In the current study, we investigated whether Scl-Ab impacts the dentoalveolar structures of Hyp mice. Male and female wild-type and Hyp littermates were injected with 25 mg/kg of vehicle or Scl-Ab twice weekly beginning at 12 weeks of age and euthanized at 20 weeks of age. Scl-Ab increased alveolar bone mass in both male and female mice and alveolar tissue mineral density in the male mice. The positive effects of Scl-Ab were consistent with an increase in the fraction of active (non-phosphorylated) β-catenin stained alveolar osteocytes. Scl-Ab had no effect on mineralized tissues of the tooth - dentin, enamel, acellular and cellular cementum. There was a non-significant trend toward increased periodontal ligament (PDL) attachment fraction within the Hyp mice. Additional PDL fibral structural parameters were not affected by Scl-Ab. The current study demonstrates that Scl-Ab can improve alveolar bone in the Hyp mouse model of XLH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yinghua Chen
- University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry
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12
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Borges JS, Costa VC, Irie MS, de Rezende Barbosa GL, Spin-Neto R, Soares PBF. Definition of the Region of Interest for the Assessment of Alveolar Bone Repair Using Micro-computed Tomography. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:356-364. [PMID: 36070014 PMCID: PMC9984626 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-022-00693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the extraction socket (distal or lingual root) and the type of region of interest (ROI) definition (manual or predefined) on the assessment of alveolar repair following tooth extraction using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The software package used for scanning, reconstruction, reorientation, and analysis of images (NRecon®, DataViewer®, CT-Analyzer®) was acquired through Bruker < https://www.bruker.com > . The sample comprised the micro-CT volumes of seven Wistar rat mandibles, in which the right first molar was extracted. The reconstructed images were analyzed using the extraction sockets, i.e., the distal and intermediate lingual root and the method of ROI definition: manual (MA), central round (CR), and peripheral round (PR). The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) values obtained were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (α = 5%). The distal extraction socket resulted in significantly lower BV/TV values than the intermediate lingual socket for MA (P = 0.001), CR (P < 0.001), and PR (P < 0.001). Regarding the ROI, when evaluating the distal extraction socket, the BV/TV was significantly higher (P < 0.001) for MA than for CR and PR, with a lower BV/TV for CR. However, no significant difference was observed for MA (P = 0.855), CR (P = 0.769), or PR (P = 0.453) in the intermediate lingual extraction socket. The bone neoformation outcome (BV/TV) for alveolar bone repair after tooth extraction is significantly influenced by the ROI and the extraction socket. Using the predefined method with a standardized ROI in the central region of the distal extraction socket resulted in the assessment of bone volume, demonstrating the most critical region of the bone neoformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Simeão Borges
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Vitor Cardoso Costa
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Milena Suemi Irie
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | | | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Radiology, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil.
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13
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Chavez M, Tan MH, Kolli TN, Zachariadou C, Farah F, Mohamed F, Chu E, Foster B. Bone Sialoprotein Is Critical for Alveolar Bone Healing in Mice. J Dent Res 2023; 102:187-196. [PMID: 36377066 PMCID: PMC9893390 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221126716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein associated with mineralized tissues, particularly bone and cementum. BSP includes functional domains implicated in collagen binding, hydroxyapatite nucleation, and cell signaling, although its function(s) in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function remain incompletely understood. Genetic ablation of BSP in Ibsp knockout (Ibsp-/-) mice results in developmental bone mineralization and remodeling defects, with alveolar bone more severely affected than the femurs and tibias of the postcranial skeleton. The role of BSP in alveolar bone healing has not been studied. We hypothesized that BSP ablation would cause defective alveolar bone healing. We employed a maxillary first molar extraction socket healing model in 42-d postnatalIbsp-/- and wild-type (WT) control mice. Tissues were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 56 d postprocedure (dpp) for analysis by micro-computed tomography (microCT), histology, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) array. As expected, alveolar bone healing progressed in WT mice with increasing bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and tissue mineral density (TMD), transitioning from woven to mature bone from 7 to 56 dpp. Ibsp messenger RNA (mRNA) and BSP protein were strongly expressed during alveolar bone healing in parallel with other osteogenic markers. Compared to WT, Ibsp-/- mice exhibited 50% to 70% reduced BV/TV and BMD at all time points, 7% reduced TMD at 21 dpp, abnormally increased Col1a1 and Alpl mRNA expression, and persistent presence of woven bone and increased bone marrow in healing sockets. qPCR revealed substantially dysregulated gene expression in alveolar bone of Ibsp-/- versus WT mice, with significantly disrupted expression of 45% of tested genes in functional groups, including markers for osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mineralization, ECM, cell signaling, and inflammation. We conclude that BSP is a critical and nonredundant factor for alveolar bone healing, and its absence disrupts multiple major pathways involved in appropriate healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.B. Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M. H. Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T. N. Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C. Zachariadou
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F. Farah
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F.F. Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E.Y. Chu
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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14
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The Role of Type VI Collagen in Alveolar Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214347. [PMID: 36430826 PMCID: PMC9697549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to elucidate the role of Type VI collagen in muscle and tendon, however, its role in oral tissues remains unclear. In this study, an α2(VI) deficient mouse (Col6α2-KO) model was used to examine the role of Type VI collagen in oral tissues. Tissue volume and mineral density were measured in oral tissues by µCT. Proteome analysis was performed using protein extracted from alveolar bone. In addition, alveolar bone was evaluated with a periodontitis induced model. µCT analysis showed the Col6α2-KO mice had less volume of alveolar bone, dentin and dental pulp, while the width of periodontal ligament (PDL) was greater than WT. The mineral density in alveolar bone and dentin were elevated in Col6α2-KO mice compared with WT. Our proteome analysis showed significant changes in proteins related to ECM organization and elevation of proteins associated with biomineralization in the Col6α2-KO mice. In induced periodontitis, Col6α2-KO mice had greater alveolar bone loss compared with WT. In conclusion, Type VI collagen has a role in controlling biomineralization in alveolar bone and that changes in the ECM of alveolar bone could be associated with greater bone loss due to periodontitis.
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15
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Nagasaki K, Chavez M, Nagasaki A, Taylor J, Tan M, Ma M, Ralston E, Thew M, Kim DG, Somerman M, Foster B. The Bone Sialoprotein RGD Domain Modulates and Maintains Periodontal Development. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1238-1247. [PMID: 35686360 PMCID: PMC9403724 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (gene: Ibsp; protein: BSP) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein present in bone, cementum, and dentin. Accumulating evidence supports BSP as a key regulator of mineralized tissue formation via evolutionarily conserved functional domains, including a C-terminal integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) domain implicated in extracellular matrix-cell signaling. Ablation of Ibsp in mice (Ibsp-/-) results in impaired bone growth and mineralization and defective osteoclastogenesis, with effects in the craniofacial region including reduced acellular cementum formation, detachment of the periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone hypomineralization, and severe periodontal breakdown. We hypothesized that BSP-RGD plays an important role in cementum and alveolar bone formation and mineralization, as well as periodontal function. This hypothesis was tested by replacing the RGD motif with a nonfunctional Lys-Ala-Glu (KAE) sequence in (IbspKAE/KAE) mice and OCCM.30 murine (IbspKAE) cementoblasts. The RGD domain was not critical for acellular or cellular cementum formation in IbspKAE/KAE mice. However, PDL volume and thickness were increased, and significantly more tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts were found on alveolar bone surfaces of IbspKAE/KAE mice versus wild type mice. PDL organization was disrupted as indicated by picrosirius red stain, second harmonic generation imaging, dynamic mechanical analysis, and decreased asporin proteoglycan localization. In vitro studies implicated RGD functions in cell migration, adhesion, and mineralization, and this was confirmed by an ossicle implant model where cells lacking BSP-RGD showed substantial defects as compared with controls. In total, the BSP-RGD domain is implicated in periodontal development, though the scale and scope of changes indicated by in vitro studies indicate that other factors may partially compensate for and reduce the phenotypic severity of mice lacking BSP-RGD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.B. Chavez
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A. Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J.M. Taylor
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.H. Tan
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M. Ma
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E. Ralston
- Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.E. Thew
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D.-G. Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M.J. Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.L. Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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16
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Andras NL, Mohamed FF, Chu EY, Foster BL. Between a rock and a hard place: Regulation of mineralization in the periodontium. Genesis 2022; 60:e23474. [PMID: 35460154 PMCID: PMC9492628 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The periodontium supports and attaches teeth via mineralized and nonmineralized tissues. It consists of two, unique mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone. In between these tissues, lies an unmineralized, fibrous periodontal ligament (PDL), which distributes occlusal forces, nourishes and invests teeth, and harbors progenitor cells for dentoalveolar repair. Many unanswered questions remain regarding periodontal biology. This review will focus on recent research providing insights into one enduring mystery: the precise regulation of the hard-soft tissue borders in the periodontium which define the interfaces of the cementum-PDL-alveolar bone structure. We will focus on advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms that maintain the unmineralized PDL "between a rock and a hard place" by regulating the mineralization of cementum and alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Andras
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Fatma F. Mohamed
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Emily Y. Chu
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of DentistryUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Brian L. Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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17
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Okawa R, Hamada M, Takagi M, Matayoshi S, Nakano K. A Case of X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets with Dentin Dysplasia in Mandibular Third Molars. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091304. [PMID: 36138613 PMCID: PMC9497892 DOI: 10.3390/children9091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is a disease characterized by impaired bone mineralization, and its dental features include gingival abscesses and large pulp spaces due to dentin dysplasia. A 20-year-old woman with XLH was referred to oral surgery for extraction of mandibular third molars. She was diagnosed with XLH at approximately 1 year of age and was treated thereafter. There was no history of gingival abscesses, and panoramic radiographic and computed tomographic examinations revealed no evidence of dentin dysplasia. However, histopathological examination of the extracted teeth showed dentin dysplasia, including interglobular dentin. In this XLH patient, dentin dysplasia was revealed histologically even though no obvious abnormality was found on visual and radiographic examinations. These findings suggest that in patients with XLH, oral management must take dentin dysplasia of the permanent teeth into consideration even if the patient’s general condition is well controlled with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Okawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6879-2963
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Misato Takagi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saaya Matayoshi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Lira Dos Santos EJ, de Almeida AB, Chavez MB, Salmon CR, Mofatto LS, Camara-Souza MB, Tan MH, Kolli TN, Mohamed FF, Chu EY, Novaes PD, Santos ECA, Kantovitz KR, Foster BL, Nociti FH. Orthodontic tooth movement alters cementocyte ultrastructure and cellular cementum proteome signature. Bone 2021; 153:116139. [PMID: 34364013 PMCID: PMC8478897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cementum is a mineralized tissue that covers tooth roots and functions in the periodontal attachment complex. Cementocytes, resident cells of cellular cementum, share many characteristics with osteocytes, are mechanoresponsive cells that direct bone remodeling based on changes in loading. We hypothesized that cementocytes play a key role during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). To test this hypothesis, we used 8-week-old male Wistar rats in a model of OTM for 2, 7, or 14 days (0.5 N), whereas unloaded contralateral teeth served as controls. Tissue and cell responses were analyzed by high-resolution micro-computed tomography, histology, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining for odontoclasts/osteoclasts, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, laser capture microdissection was used to collect cellular cementum, and extracted proteins were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The OTM model successfully moved first molars mesially more than 250 μm by 14 days introducing apoptosis in a small number of cementocytes and areas of root resorption on mesial and distal aspects. Cementocytes showed increased nuclear size and proportion of euchromatin suggesting cellular activity. Proteomic analysis identified 168 proteins in cellular cementum with 21 proteins found only in OTM sites and 54 proteins only present in control samples. OTM-down-regulated several extracellular matrix proteins, including decorin, biglycan, asporin, and periostin, localized to cementum and PDL by immunostaining. Furthermore, type IV collagen (COL14A1) was the protein most down-regulated (-45-fold) by OTM and immunolocalized to cells at the cementum-dentin junction. Eleven keratins were significantly increased by OTM, and a pan-keratin antibody indicated keratin localization primarily in epithelial remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. These experiments provide new insights into biological responses of cementocytes and cellular cementum to OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis J Lira Dos Santos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda B de Almeida
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cristiane R Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Dentistry, N. Sra. do Patrocínio University Center, Itu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Mofatto
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Barbosa Camara-Souza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Prosthodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle H Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamara N Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fatma F Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Duarte Novaes
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C A Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila R Kantovitz
- Department of Dental Materials, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Kinoshita Y, Mohamed FF, Amadeu de Oliveira F, Narisawa S, Miyake K, Foster BL, Millán JL. Gene Therapy Using Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8 Encoding TNAP-D 10 Improves the Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Phenotypes in Alpl -/- Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1835-1849. [PMID: 34076297 PMCID: PMC8446309 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene that encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), whose deficiency results in the accumulation of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi ), a potent mineralization inhibitor. Skeletal and dental hypomineralization characterizes HPP, with disease severity varying from life-threatening perinatal or infantile forms to milder forms that manifest in adulthood or only affect the dentition. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using mineral-targeted recombinant TNAP (Strensiq/asfotase alfa) markedly improves the life span, skeletal phenotype, motor function, and quality of life of patients with HPP, though limitations of ERT include frequent injections due to a short elimination half-life of 2.28 days and injection site reactions. We tested the efficacy of a single intramuscular administration of adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) encoding TNAP-D10 to increase the life span and improve the skeletal and dentoalveolar phenotypes in TNAP knockout (Alpl-/- ) mice, a murine model for severe infantile HPP. Alpl-/- mice received 3 × 1011 vector genomes/body of AAV8-TNAP-D10 within 5 days postnatal (dpn). AAV8-TNAP-D10 elevated serum ALP activity and suppressed plasma PPi . Treatment extended life span of Alpl-/- mice, and no ectopic calcifications were observed in the kidneys, aorta, coronary arteries, or brain in the 70 dpn observational window. Treated Alpl-/- mice did not show signs of rickets, including bowing of long bones, enlargement of epiphyses, or fractures. Bone microstructure of treated Alpl-/- mice was similar to wild type, with a few persistent small cortical and trabecular defects. Histology showed no measurable osteoid accumulation but reduced bone volume fraction in treated Alpl-/- mice versus controls. Treated Alpl-/- mice featured normal molar and incisor dentoalveolar tissues, with the exceptions of slightly reduced molar enamel and alveolar bone density. Histology showed the presence of cementum and normal periodontal ligament attachment. These results support gene therapy as a promising alternative to ERT for the treatment of HPP. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kinoshita
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatma F Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Flavia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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20
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Kapferer-Seebacher I, Foradori L, Zschocke J, Schilke R. Rare Genetic Disorders Affecting the Periodontal Supporting Tissues in Adolescence. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.687510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In adolescents periodontal destruction may be the primary manifestation of an as yet unrecognized rare systemic disease, and it may be up to the periodontist to make the correct tentative diagnosis. Many genetic diseases that present with primary periodontal manifestations in adolescence affect immune function, sometimes with only mild or absent systemic features. They include periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (lack of attached gingiva, various connective tissue abnormalities), Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (palmoplantar hyperkeratosis), and plasminogen deficiency (fibrin deposition within mucous membranes). Other immune disorders with severe periodontitis manifesting in adolescence are usually diagnosed in early childhood due to unmistakeable systemic features. They include Cohen syndrome (developmental disorder, truncal obesity, and microcephaly), Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, and other systemic manifestations), glycogen storage disease type 1b, and Chediak-Higashi syndrome (pyogenic infections, albinism, and neuropathy). The structural integrity of periodontal tissue is affected in genodermatoses such as Kindler syndrome, a type of epidermolysis bullosa. In primary hyperoxaluria, inflammatory periodontal destruction is associated with renal calculi. Breakdown of periodontal tissues independent of dental plaque biofilm-induced periodontitis is found in hypophosphatasia (highly variable skeletal hypomineralization) or isolated odontohypophosphatasia, hypophosphatemic rickets and primary hyperparathyroidism. Finally, alveolar osteolysis mimicking localized periodontitis may be due to neoplastic processes, e.g., in neurofibromatosis type 1 (typical skin features including café au lait macules and neurofibromas), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (locally destructive proliferation of bone marrow-derived immature myeloid dendritic cells), and Gorham-Stout disease (diffuse cystic angiomatosis of bone).
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW X-Linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common genetic cause of rickets. This review describes advances in the management of XLH using burosumab which was FDA approved for treating children with XLH in 2018. RECENT FINDINGS Elevated FGF23 in XLH leads to systemic hypophosphatemia and several musculoskeletal manifestations, including rachitic bone deformities, impaired growth, dental abscesses, insufficiency fractures, osteoarthritis, and enthesopathy, with lifelong consequences for physical function and quality of life. Burosumab treatment has demonstrated clinical improvement of rickets and growth in children, including during a randomized controlled trial compared with conventional therapy. Burosumab also improved pseudofracture healing in adults. Burosumab led to greater improvement in rickets and growth than conventional therapy. However, many questions remain regarding the impact of burosumab on several outcomes, including final height, nephrocalcinosis, dental disease, enthesopathy, and surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Imel
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1120 West Michigan Street, CL 365, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5111, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1120 West Michigan Street, CL 365, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5111, USA.
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22
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Lira Dos Santos EJ, Chavez MB, Tan MH, Mohamed FF, Kolli TN, Foster BL, Liu ES. Effects of Active Vitamin D or FGF23 Antibody on Hyp Mice Dentoalveolar Tissues. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1482-1491. [PMID: 33906518 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211011041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PHEX gene lead to X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a form of inherited rickets featuring elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), reduced 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), and hypophosphatemia. Hyp mutant mice replicate the XLH phenotype, including dentin, alveolar bone, and cementum defects. We aimed to compare effects of 1,25D versus FGF23-neutralizing antibody (FGF23Ab) monotherapies on Hyp mouse dentoalveolar mineralization. Male Hyp mice, either injected subcutaneously with daily 1,25D or thrice weekly with FGF23 blocking antibody from 2 to 35 d postnatal, were compared to wild-type (WT) controls and untreated Hyp mice. Mandibles were analyzed by high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histology, and immunohistochemistry. Both interventions maintained normocalcemia, increased serum phosphate levels, and improved dentoalveolar mineralization in treated versus untreated Hyp mice. 1,25D increased crown dentin volume and thickness and root dentin/cementum volume, whereas FGF23Ab effects were limited to crown dentin volume. 1,25D increased bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, and tissue mineral density in Hyp mice, whereas FGF23Ab failed to significantly affect these alveolar bone parameters. Neither treatment fully attenuated dentin and bone defects to WT levels, and pulp volumes remained elevated regardless of treatment. Both treatments reduced predentin thickness and improved periodontal ligament organization, while 1,25D promoted a more profound improvement in acellular cementum thickness. Altered cell densities and lacunocanalicular properties of alveolar and mandibular bone osteocytes and cementocytes in Hyp mice were partially corrected by either treatment. Neither treatment normalized the altered distributions of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin in Hyp mouse alveolar bone. Moderate improvements from both 1,25D and FGF23Ab treatment regimens support further studies and collection of oral health data from subjects receiving a newly approved anti-FGF23 therapy. The inability of either treatment to fully correct Hyp mouse dentin and bone prompts further experiments into underlying pathological mechanisms to identify new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Lira Dos Santos
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Campinas State University, School of Dentistry, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Chavez
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M H Tan
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F F Mohamed
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T N Kolli
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E S Liu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Clayton D, Chavez MB, Tan MH, Kolli TN, Giovani PA, Hammersmith KJ, Bowden SA, Foster BL. Mineralization Defects in the Primary Dentition Associated With X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10463. [PMID: 33869987 PMCID: PMC8046057 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Delaney Clayton
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Michelle H Tan
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Tamara N Kolli
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Priscila A Giovani
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Kimberly J Hammersmith
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA.,Department of Dentistry Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH USA
| | - Sasigarn A Bowden
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH USA.,College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
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24
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Chavez MB, Chu EY, Kram V, de Castro LF, Somerman MJ, Foster BL. Guidelines for Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Rodent Dentoalveolar Tissues. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10474. [PMID: 33778330 PMCID: PMC7990153 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro–computed tomography (μCT) has become essential for analysis of mineralized as well as nonmineralized tissues and is therefore widely applicable in the life sciences. However, lack of standardized approaches and protocols for scanning, analyzing, and reporting data often makes it difficult to understand exactly how analyses were performed, how to interpret results, and if findings can be broadly compared with other models and studies. This problem is compounded in analysis of the dentoalveolar complex by the presence of four distinct mineralized tissues: enamel, dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone. Furthermore, these hard tissues interface with adjacent soft tissues, the dental pulp and periodontal ligament (PDL), making for a complex organ. Drawing on others' and our own experience analyzing rodent dentoalveolar tissues by μCT, we introduce techniques to successfully analyze dentoalveolar tissues with similar or disparate compositions, densities, and morphological characteristics. Our goal is to provide practical guidelines for μCT analysis of rodent dentoalveolar tissues, including approaches to optimize scan parameters (filters, voltage, voxel size, and integration time), reproducibly orient samples, define regions and volumes of interest, segment and subdivide tissues, interpret findings, and report methods and results. We include illustrative examples of analyses performed on genetically engineered mouse models with phenotypes in enamel, dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone. The recommendations are designed to increase transparency and reproducibility, promote best practices, and provide a basic framework to apply μCT analysis to the dentoalveolar complex that can also be extrapolated to a variety of other tissues of the body. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA
| | - Vardit Kram
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA
| | - Luis F de Castro
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
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25
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Socorro M, Shinde A, Yamazaki H, Khalid S, Monier D, Beniash E, Napierala D. Trps1 transcription factor represses phosphate-induced expression of SerpinB2 in osteogenic cells. Bone 2020; 141:115673. [PMID: 33022456 PMCID: PMC7680451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor SerpinB2 is one of the most upregulated proteins following cellular stress. This multifunctional serpin has been attributed a number of pleiotropic activities, including roles in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, immunity and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Studies of cancer cells demonstrated that expression of SerpinB2 is directly repressed by the Trps1 transcription factor, which is a regulator of skeletal and dental tissues mineralization. In our previous studies, we identified SerpinB2 as one of the novel genes highly upregulated by phosphate (Pi) at the initiation of the mineralization process, however SerpinB2 has never been implicated in formation nor homeostasis of mineralized tissues. The aim of this study was to establish, if SerpinB2 is involved in function of cells producing mineralized ECM and to determine the interplay between Pi signaling and Trps1 in the regulation of SerpinB2 expression specifically in cells producing mineralized ECM. Analyses of the SerpinB2 expression pattern in mouse skeletal and dental tissues detected high SerpinB2 protein levels specifically in cells producing mineralized ECM. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that SerpinB2 expression is activated by elevated Pi specifically in osteogenic cells. However, the Pi-induced SerpinB2 expression was diminished by overexpression of Trps1. Decreased SerpinB2 levels were also detected in osteoblasts and odontoblasts of 2.3Col1a1-Trps1 transgenic mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) revealed that the occupancy of Trps1 on regulatory elements in the SerpinB2 gene changes in response to Pi. In vitro functional assessment of the consequences of SerpinB2 deficiency in cells producing mineralized ECM detected impaired mineralization in SerpinB2-deficient cells in comparison with controls. In conclusion, high and specific expression of SerpinB2 in cells producing mineralized ECM, the impaired mineralization of SerpinB2-deficient cells and regulation of SerpinB2 expression by two molecules regulating formation of mineralized tissues suggest involvement of SerpinB2 in physiological mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairobys Socorro
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Apurva Shinde
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sana Khalid
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daisy Monier
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elia Beniash
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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26
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Insights into dental mineralization from three heritable mineralization disorders. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107597. [PMID: 32758526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Teeth are comprised of three unique mineralized tissues, enamel, dentin, and cementum, that are susceptible to developmental defects similar to those affecting bone. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), caused by PHEX mutations, leads to increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-driven hypophosphatemia and local extracellular matrix disturbances. Hypophosphatasia (HPP), caused by ALPL mutations, results in increased levels of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a mineralization inhibitor. Generalized arterial calcification in infancy (GACI), caused by ENPP1 mutations, results in vascular calcification due to decreased PPi, later compounded by FGF23-driven hypophosphatemia. In this perspective, we compare and contrast dental defects in primary teeth associated with XLH, HPP, and GACI, briefly reviewing genetic and biochemical features of these disorders and findings of clinical and preclinical studies to date, including some of our own recent observations. The distinct dental defects associated with the three heritable mineralization disorders reflect unique processes of the respective dental hard tissues, revealing insights into their development and clues about pathological mechanisms underlying such disorders.
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