1
|
Momeni SS, Cao X, Xie B, Rainey K, Childers NK, Wu H. Intraspecies interactions of Streptococcus mutans impact biofilm architecture and virulence determinants in childhood dental caries. mSphere 2024; 9:e0077823. [PMID: 38990043 PMCID: PMC11288028 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00778-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Early childhood dental caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease among children, especially among low socioeconomic populations. Streptococcus mutans is most frequently associated with initiation of ECC. Although many studies report children with multiple S. mutans strains (i.e., genotypes) have greater odds of developing ECC, studies investigating intraspecies interactions in dental caries are lacking. This study investigates the impact of intraspecies interactions on cariogenic and fitness traits of clinical S. mutans isolates using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Association analysis evaluated if presence of multiple S. mutans genotypes within the first year of colonization was associated with caries. Initially, clinical S. mutans isolates from 10 children were evaluated. S. mutans strains (G09 and G18, most prevalent) isolated from one child were used for subsequent analysis. Biofilm analysis was performed for single and mixed cultures to assess cariogenic traits, including biofilm biomass, intra-polysaccharide, pH, and glucan. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and time-lapse imaging were used to evaluate spatial and temporal biofilm dynamics, respectively. A Drosophila model was used to assess colonization in vivo. Results showed the mean biofilm pH was significantly lower in co-cultured biofilms versus monoculture. Doubling of S. mutans biofilms was observed by CLSM and in vivo colonization in Drosophila for co-cultured S. mutans. Individual strains occupied specific domains in co-culture and G09 contributed most to increased co-culture biofilm thickness and colonization in Drosophila. Biofilm formation and acid production displayed distinct signatures in time-lapsed experiments. This study illuminates that intraspecies interactions of S. mutans significantly impacts biofilm acidity, architecture, and colonization.IMPORTANCEThis study sheds light on the complex dynamics of a key contributor to early childhood dental caries (ECC) by exploring intraspecies interactions of different S. mutans strains and their impact on cariogenic traits. Utilizing clinical isolates from children with ECC, the research highlights significant differences in biofilm architecture and acid production in mixed versus single genotype cultures. The findings reveal that co-cultured S. mutans strains exhibit increased cell density and acidity, with individual strains occupying distinct domains. These insights, enhanced by use of time-lapsed confocal laser scanning microscopy and a Drosophila model, offer a deeper understanding of ECC pathogenesis and potential avenues for targeted interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. Momeni
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xixi Cao
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Baotong Xie
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Katherine Rainey
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Noel K. Childers
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mu R, Momeni S, Krieger M, Xie B, Cao X, Merritt J, Wu H. Plasmalogen, a glycerophospholipid crucial for Streptococcus mutans acid tolerance and colonization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0150023. [PMID: 38456674 PMCID: PMC11022534 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01500-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogen is a specific glycerophospholipid present in both animal and bacterial organisms. It plays a crucial function in eukaryotic cellular processes and is closely related to several human diseases, including neurological disorders and cancers. Nonetheless, the precise biological role of plasmalogen in bacteria is not well understood. In this study, we identified SMU_438c as the enzyme responsible for plasmalogen production in Streptococcus mutans under anaerobic conditions. The heterologous expression of SMU_438c in a plasmalogen-negative strain, Streptococcus sanguinis, resulted in the production of plasmalogen, indicating that this enzyme is sufficient for plasmalogen production. Additionally, the plasmalogen-deficient S. mutans exhibited significantly lower acid tolerance and diminished its colonization in Drosophila flies compared to the wild-type strain and complemented strain. In summary, our data suggest that plasmalogen plays a vital role in bacterial stress tolerance and in vivo colonization. IMPORTANCE This study sheds light on the biological role of plasmalogen, a specific glycerophospholipid, in bacteria, particularly in Streptococcus mutans. Plasmalogens are known for their significant roles in eukaryotic cells and have been linked to human diseases like neurological disorders and cancers. The enzyme SMU_438c, identified as essential for plasmalogen production under anaerobic conditions, was crucial for acid tolerance and in vivo colonization in Drosophila by S. mutans, underscoring its importance in bacterial stress response and colonization. These findings bridge the knowledge gap in bacterial physiology, highlighting plasmalogen's role in microbial survival and offering potential insights into microbial pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Mu
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephanie Momeni
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Madeline Krieger
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Baotong Xie
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xixi Cao
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Justin Merritt
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Yang F, Wang Y, Deng S, Zhu R. Alterations and correlations in dental plaque microbial communities and metabolome characteristics in patients with caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:132. [PMID: 38273329 PMCID: PMC10811826 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The pathogenic microorganisms and clinical manifestations of caries and periodontitis are different, caries and periodontitis are usually discussed separately, and the relationship between them is ignored. Clinically, patients prone to dental caries generally have a healthier periodontal status, whereas patients with periodontitis generally have a lower incidence of dental caries. The relationship between dental caries and periodontitis remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explain the clinical phenomenon of antagonism between dental caries and periodontitis by exploring the ecological chain and bacterial interactions in dental caries, periodontitis, and other comorbid diseases. METHODS The dental plaque microbiomes of 30 patients with oral diseases (10 each with caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases) were sequenced and analysed using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used for a differential functional analysis of dental plaque microbial communities in caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases. RESULTS The coinfection group had the greatest bacterial richness in dental plaque. The principal coordinate analysis showed that caries and periodontitis were separate from each other, and comorbid diseases were located at the overlap of caries and periodontitis, with most of them being periodontitis. Simultaneously, we compared the microbiomes with significant differences among the three groups and the correlations between the microbiome samples. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant differences in functional changes among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the composition of the dental plaque microbial communities in caries, periodontitis, and comorbidities and the differences among the three. Additionally, we identified a possible antagonism between periodontitis and caries. We identified a new treatment strategy for the prediction and diagnosis of caries and periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated XiaoShan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Momeni SS, Cao X, Xie B, Rainey K, Childers NK, Wu H. Intraspecies interactions of Streptococcus mutans impact biofilm architecture and virulence determinants in childhood dental caries. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571561. [PMID: 38168339 PMCID: PMC10760078 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Early childhood dental caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease among children with a heavy disease burden among low socioeconomic populations. Streptococcus mutans is most frequently associated with initiation of ECC. Many studies report children with multiple S. mutans strains (i.e., genotypes) having greater odds of developing ECC, studies investigating intraspecies interactions in dental caries are lacking. In this study, the impact of intraspecies interactions on cariogenic and fitness traits of clinical S. mutans isolates are investigated using in-vitro and in-vivo approaches. Initially clinical S. mutans isolates of 10 children from a longitudinal epidemiological study were evaluated. S. mutans strains (G09 and G18, most prevalent) isolated from one child were used for subsequent analysis. Association analysis was used to determine if presence of multiple S. mutans genotypes within the first-year of colonization was associated with caries. Biofilm analysis was performed for single and mixed cultures to assess cariogenic traits, including biofilm biomass, intra-polysaccharide, pH, and glucan. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and time-lapse imaging were used to evaluate spatial and temporal biofilm dynamics, respectively. A Drosophila model was used to assess colonization in-vivo. Mean biofilm pH was significantly lower in co-cultured biofilms as compared with monoculture biofilms. Doubling of S. mutans in-vitro biofilms was observed by CLSM and in-vivo colonization in Drosophila for co-cultured S. mutans. Individual strains occupied specific domains in co-culture and G09 contributed most to increased co-culture biofilm thickness and colonization in Drosophila. Biofilm formation and acid production displayed distinct signatures in time-lapsed experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. Momeni
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xixi Cao
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Baotong Xie
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katherine Rainey
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Noel K. Childers
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Ding Y, Deng J, Nie R, Meng X. Antibacterial one-step self-etching dental adhesive with silver nanoparticles synthesized in situ. J Dent 2023; 129:104411. [PMID: 36626977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to value the long-term antibacterial capability and adhesive properties of one-step self-etching dental adhesive containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized in situ. METHODS One-step self-etching adhesives with various weight percentages of silver 2-ethylhezanoate (0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.20%) were obtained by in-situ synthesis; the sizes and distribution of the AgNPs in resin were observed. The antibacterial effects of dentin-resin specimens were assessed by various test methods after being aged for 1 week to 1 year. The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and interfacial nanoleakage (NL) were evaluated using extracted human teeth after being aged for 1 day and 1 year. RESULTS Uniform distribution of AgNPs in resin was observed in all experimental groups, and the average size was 4.71 nm-4.81 nm. All groups containing AgNPs showed significant antibacterial differences from the control group (P<0.05) over the ageing of 1 year. Although the increase of concentration tended to improve antibacterial activity, significant differences were not observed between the 0.10% and 0.20% groups (P>0.05). No significant differences were observed between all experimental groups and the control group in μTBS testing and NL testing at 1-day and 1-year time points (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS 0.10% AgNPs synthesized in situ might be appropriate to impart a long-term antibacterial ability to the one-step self-etching adhesive, without affecting its adhesive performance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that in-situ synthesis of AgNPs is an effective method to improve the antibacterial ability of dental adhesives with the potential to inhibit secondary caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR. China
| | - Yashuang Ding
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR. China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Emergency&Polyclinic 1st, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR. China
| | - Rongrong Nie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR. China.
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- Department of Prosthodontic Technology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR. China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duque C, Chrisostomo DA, Souza ACA, de Almeida Braga GP, Dos Santos VR, Caiaffa KS, Pereira JA, de Oliveira WC, de Aguiar Ribeiro A, Parisotto TM. Understanding the Predictive Potential of the Oral Microbiome in the Development and Progression of Early Childhood Caries. Curr Pediatr Rev 2023; 19:121-138. [PMID: 35959611 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220811124848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in young children and a public health problem worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of atypical and fast progressive caries lesions. The aggressive form of ECC, severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), can lead to the destruction of the whole crown of most of the deciduous teeth and cause pain and sepsis, affecting the child's quality of life. Although the multifactorial etiology of ECC is known, including social, environmental, behavioral, and genetic determinants, there is a consensus that this disease is driven by an imbalance between the oral microbiome and host, or dysbiosis, mediated by high sugar consumption and poor oral hygiene. Knowledge of the microbiome in healthy and caries status is crucial for risk monitoring, prevention, and development of therapies to revert dysbiosis and restore oral health. Molecular biology tools, including next-generation sequencing methods and proteomic approaches, have led to the discovery of new species and microbial biomarkers that could reveal potential risk profiles for the development of ECC and new targets for anti-caries therapies. This narrative review summarized some general aspects of ECC, such as definition, epidemiology, and etiology, the influence of oral microbiota in the development and progression of ECC based on the current evidence from genomics, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies and the effect of antimicrobial intervention on oral microbiota associated with ECC. CONCLUSION The evaluation of genetic and proteomic markers represents a promising approach to predict the risk of ECC before its clinical manifestation and plan efficient therapeutic interventions for ECC in its initial stages, avoiding irreversible dental cavitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Duque
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Daniela Alvim Chrisostomo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Amanda Caselato Andolfatto Souza
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pacheco de Almeida Braga
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Jesse Augusto Pereira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Warlley Campos de Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Apoena de Aguiar Ribeiro
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United State
| | - Thaís Manzano Parisotto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tu Y, Zhou Z, Shu C, Zhou Y, Zhou X. The Crosstalk Between Saliva Bacteria and Fungi in Early Childhood Caries. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:845738. [PMID: 35237536 PMCID: PMC8884336 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.845738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most prevalent oral disease in children, which greatly affects the quality of life and health condition of the patients. Although co-infection of oral streptococci and fungi has been well recognized in the development of ECC, the correlation between other core members of oral mycobiome and ECC progression remains unclear. In the current study, saliva samples obtained from severe ECC (SECC), ECC, and caries-free children were collected, and both V3–V4 16S rRNA and ITS1 rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were performed to investigate the salivary bacterial and fungal profiles. Significant alteration of salivary fungal community in SECC/ECC children was observed compared with the caries-free control. The typing analysis determined the fungal community into five fungal types, which influenced the structure of salivary bacteria. By performing Spearman correlation analysis, carious phenotypes were positively related to Fusobacterium but negatively linked to Neocosmospora, and a significant correlation of cross-kingdom taxonomic pairs was identified. Our work demonstrated the interactions between oral bacteria and fungi at the community level, which may advance our knowledge on the etiological role of bacteria/fungi in the development of ECC and promote better management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Zhou, ; Xuedong Zhou,
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Zhou, ; Xuedong Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ulitovskiy SB, Kalinina OV, Shevcov AV, Soloveva ES, Fok NK. Evaluation of the preventive care effectiveness in the adults with odontogenic infection given social and hygienic risk factors. Pediatr Dent 2021. [DOI: 10.33925/1683-3031-2021-21-3-175-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Relevance. Odontogenic infection is one of the most important problems of dental science. The variety of anti-inflammatory oral hygiene products determines the need for targeted selection of preventive toothpastes and rinses, balms, foams, elixirs, as well as monitoring and training the algorithm of hygienic measures for a patient with an odontogenic infection. The aim of the study was to study the hygienic status of the adult population for the selection of individual oral hygiene products for odontogenic infection, taking into account social and hygienic factors.Materials and methods. The study examined the prevalence of odontogenic infection in the adult population to determine the need for professional care and dental education. The study involved 198 people without somatic pathology, who were allocated into four groups according to the performed oral care and taking into account the dental status and the intensity of oral microbiota formation in the adult population. The patients were followed-up every week for one month. The study examined the simplified oral hygiene index by GreenVermillion (OHI-S), PMA index and Mühlemann and Son sulcus bleeding index, which allowed calculating the effectiveness of oral care products.Results. The preventive care effectiveness evaluation showed an increase in the cleansing effect in the adult population over the entire study period. The anti-inflammatory effectiveness analysis demonstrated positive changes: by the end of the study, the PMA index was 51.52 ± 3.40% in group 1; it increased by a factor of 3 and amounted to 44.17 ± 2.77% in group 2; 56.51 ± 4.61% – in group 3, 48.95 ± 3.60% – in group 4. The Mühlemann and Son sulcus bleeding index demonstrated the changes in the periodontal tissue condition and amounted to 52.78 ± 3.62% in group 1, 44.11 ± 3.54% in group 2, 54.97 ± 3.98% in group 3, 47.78 ± 2.73% in group 4.Conclusions. The development of oral health promotion measures determines the significance of oral care products for the prevention of odontogenic infection in the adult population, which plays a crucial role in the individual program planning for the main dental disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. V. Shevcov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
| | | | - N. K. Fok
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maglangit F, Yu Y, Deng H. Bacterial pathogens: threat or treat (a review on bioactive natural products from bacterial pathogens). Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:782-821. [PMID: 33119013 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00061b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the second quarter of 2020 Threat or treat? While pathogenic bacteria pose significant threats, they also represent a huge reservoir of potential pharmaceuticals to treat various diseases. The alarming antimicrobial resistance crisis and the dwindling clinical pipeline urgently call for the discovery and development of new antibiotics. Pathogenic bacteria have an enormous potential for natural products drug discovery, yet they remained untapped and understudied. Herein, we review the specialised metabolites isolated from entomopathogenic, phytopathogenic, and human pathogenic bacteria with antibacterial and antifungal activities, highlighting those currently in pre-clinical trials or with potential for drug development. Selected unusual biosynthetic pathways, the key roles they play (where known) in various ecological niches are described. We also provide an overview of the mode of action (molecular target), activity, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards bacteria and fungi. The exploitation of pathogenic bacteria as a rich source of antimicrobials, combined with the recent advances in genomics and natural products research methodology, could pave the way for a new golden age of antibiotic discovery. This review should serve as a compendium to communities of medicinal chemists, organic chemists, natural product chemists, biochemists, clinical researchers, and many others interested in the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fleurdeliz Maglangit
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University of the Philippines Cebu, Lahug, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines. and Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hai Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shanmugam K, Sarveswari HB, Udayashankar A, Swamy SS, Pudipeddi A, Shanmugam T, Solomon AP, Neelakantan P. Guardian genes ensuring subsistence of oral Streptococcus mutans. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:475-491. [PMID: 32720594 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1796579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the substantial research advancements on oral diseases, dental caries remains a major healthcare burden. A disease of microbial dysbiosis, dental caries is characterised by the formation of biofilms that assist demineralisation and destruction of the dental hard tissues. While it is well understood that this is a multi-kingdom biofilm-mediated disease, it has been elucidated that acid producing and acid tolerant bacteria play pioneering roles in the process. Specifically, Streptococcus mutans houses major virulence pathways that enable it to thrive in the oral cavity and cause caries. This pathogen adheres to the tooth substrate, forms biofilms, resists external stress, produces acids, kills closely related species, and survives the acid as well as the host clearance mechanisms. For an organism to be able to confer such virulence, it requires a large and complex gene network which synergise to establish disease. In this review, we have charted how these multi-faceted genes control several caries-related functions of Streptococcus mutans. In a futuristic thinking approach, we also briefly discuss the potential roles of omics and machine learning, to ease the study of non-functional genes that may play a major role and enable the integration of experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthi Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Hema Bhagavathi Sarveswari
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Akshaya Udayashankar
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Shogan Sugumar Swamy
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Akhila Pudipeddi
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Tamilarasi Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|