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Nasrabadi N, Asnaashari M, Daghighi Y. Management of a Sinus Tract of Endodontic Origin Using Ultrasonically-Activated Photodynamic Therapy and Photobiomodulation: A Case Report. J Lasers Med Sci 2024; 15:e32. [PMID: 39193104 PMCID: PMC11348444 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Odontogenic extraoral sinus tracts are rare conditions that can be misdiagnosed as skin lesions and lead to unnecessary treatments. They are caused by dental infections spreading through bone and draining externally. Conservative nonsurgical endodontic treatment should be pursued first. However, conventional instrumentation and irrigation techniques cannot fully decontaminate root canal systems. New disinfection techniques, including ultrasonic activation of irrigation, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and lasers, have been developed as adjunctive techniques. Photobiomodulation (PBM) (also known as low-level laser therapy) has also demonstrated beneficial effects on tissue healing. Case Presentation: This report presents a case of an extraoral sinus tract associated with a necrotic mandibular molar that was treated successfully with nonsurgical endodontic therapy using ultrasonically-activated PDT, PBM, and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT). Six- and 12-month follow-ups showed resolution of the sinus tract and healing of the apical lesion radiographically. The extraoral lesion had diminished significantly. Conclusion: Combining nonsurgical endodontic treatment with PDT with ultrasonic activation, PBM, and HILT allowed successful management of an odontogenic extraoral sinus tract without surgical intervention. Using PDT combined with ultrasonic activation enhanced disinfection while PBM and HILT improved wound healing. This report demonstrates a conservative approach to treating these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Nasrabadi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asnaashari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Daghighi
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Semnani SJ, Moghadam KN, Jafari Z, Chiniforush N. Comparative effects of the conventional, ultrasonic, and laser-activated irrigation on penetration depth of three photosensitizers in the root canal system. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024:104286. [PMID: 39053791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared the effects of conventional, ultrasonic, and laser-activated irrigation (LAI) on penetration depth of three photosensitizers (PSs) in the root canal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro, experimental study, 120 extracted anterior teeth were decoronated such that the remaining root length was standardized at 12 mm. After root canal instrumentation with the ProTaper rotary system and irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl, the roots were assigned to 12 groups for the application of toluidine blue (TB), curcumin, and phycocyanin PSs combined with the LAI using erbium laser with 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm tips, ultrasonic activation, and conventional irrigation. The specimens were sectioned apicocoronally, and the dye penetration depth was quantified in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds under a stereomicroscope at x20 magnification. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS The effects of irrigation technique, PS type, and their interaction on dye penetration depth were significant at the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (P<0.0001). TB + LAI with 0.4- and 0.6-mm laser tips showed the highest penetration depth while phycocyanin + LAI or conventional irrigation showed the lowest penetration depth at all areas. Dye penetration depth was the highest in the coronal, and the lowest in the apical third. CONCLUSION The LAI technique with erbium laser (0.4- and 0.6-mm tips) enhanced the penetration depth of TB. The tested irrigation techniques had no significant efficacy for enhancement of the penetration depth of curcumin and phycocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zahra Jafari
- Department of Endodontics, Shahed University Dental School, Tehran, Iran
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Rajamanickam K, Raghu S, Priyadharsini JV, Priscilla Antony D, Malli Sureshbabu N. Comparative Evaluation of Bacterial Reduction by Laser-Activated Irrigation Technique (LAI) With Conventional Needle Irrigation (CNI) in Single-Rooted Teeth With Pulpal Necrosis: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2023; 15:e50666. [PMID: 38229788 PMCID: PMC10790114 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the bacterial reduction in single-rooted teeth with pulpal necrosis after laser-activated irrigation technique (LAI) and conventional needle irrigation (CNI). Methodology In this clinical trial (CTRI/2021/09/047767), 32 patients with pulpal necrosis were enrolled. Under complete aseptic conditions, access cavity preparation was done and the baseline sample S1 was collected from the root canal using paper points. After chemo-mechanical preparation they were allocated into two groups, following block randomization; Group A - CNI with 27 gauge side-vented needle, Group B - LAI with pulsed Er,Cr:YSGG (erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet) (2780 nm) laser. After irrigant activation, canals were dried and a second sample S2 was taken using paper points. Microbial analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was done to quantify the bacterial reduction among the two groups. Inter-group and intra-group analysis was done using the independent student t-test and Bonferroni test, respectively. The data was represented in terms of quantification cycle (Cq) values, which are inversely proportional to the microbial count. Results There was no significant difference in S1 between the two groups (mean difference=0.0205; p=0.912). There was a significant difference in S2 between the two groups for the organisms (mean difference=0.8042; p=0.000). The mean percentage of bacterial reduction in CNI was 10.82% and in LAI it was 25.92%. There was a significant difference in S1 through S2 within the two groups for the organisms (p=0.000). The mean difference of Cq value is high for LAI compared to CNI (1.3494). The fold change was calculated by taking the ΔCq value and ΔΔCq value after the logarithmic transformation of the Cq value. LAI showed lower levels of DNA at S2 similar to CNI. There is no significant difference in mean fold change between CNI and LAI (p=0.564). Conclusion This clinical trial concluded that both LAI and CNI were effective in bacterial reduction. There was greater bacterial reduction with LAI (25.92%) than with the CNI (10.82%) in single-rooted teeth with pulpal necrosis using qPCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthika Rajamanickam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sandhya Raghu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - J Vijayashree Priyadharsini
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Delphine Priscilla Antony
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Nivedhitha Malli Sureshbabu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Shahi Ardakani A, Afrasiabi S, Sarraf P, Benedicenti S, Solimei L, Chiniforush N. In Vitro Assessment of SWEEPS and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Alone or in Combination for Eradicating Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm in Root Canals. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2628. [PMID: 38004605 PMCID: PMC10674832 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using riboflavin and a blue diode laser (BDL), combined with shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS), against Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 extracted single-rooted human teeth were used. The root canals were instrumented, sealed at their apices, had the smear layer removed, and then underwent autoclave sterilization. Subsequently, each canal was inoculated with E. faecalis bacterial suspension and allowed to incubate for ten days. After confirming the presence of biofilms through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in three teeth, the remaining teeth were randomly allocated into nine groups, each containing five teeth: control, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), BDL, SWEEPS + normal saline, SWEEPS + NaOCl, riboflavin, riboflavin + SWEEPS, riboflavin + BDL, and riboflavin + BDL + SWEEPS. After the treatment, the numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL were calculated. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for comparisons. RESULTS All groups, with the exception of the BDL group, exhibited a significant reduction in E. faecalis CFU/mL when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The difference in CFU/mL value between riboflavin + BDL + SWEEPS and riboflavin + SWEEPS was significant (p = 0.029), whereas there was no significant difference between riboflavin + BDL + SWEEPS and riboflavin + BDL (p = 0.397). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the riboflavin + SWEEPS group and the riboflavin + BDL group (p = 0.893). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that combining the SWEEPS technique with riboflavin as a photosensitizer activated by BDL in aPDT effectively reduced the presence of E. faecalis in root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahi Ardakani
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1441987566, Iran;
| | - Shima Afrasiabi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1441987566, Iran;
| | - Pegah Sarraf
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1441987566, Iran;
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Luca Solimei
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.)
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Bolhari B, Meraji N, Seddighi R, Ebrahimi N, Chiniforush N. Effect of SWEEPS and PIPS techniques on dye extrusion in photodynamic therapy procedure after root canal preparation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103345. [PMID: 36804946 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to measure and compare the amount of apical extrusion of the methylene blue as photosensitizer using Laser-activated irrigation(LAI) techniques (SWEEPS, PIPS) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 single-rooted premolar teeth were selected and their root canals were cleaned and prepared. The photosensitizer, Methylene blue (MB), was used as dye which applied inside the root canals and the access cavities. Then the teeth were randomly allocated to 4 groups. Different techniques (SWEEPS, PIPS, PDT) were used in 3 groups. One group received no activation. Data related to the concentration of the extruded methylene blue was measured using ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. Absorption peak intensity of MB in the wavelength of 668 nm was considered as the concentration index according to Beer Lambert law. Taking into account the normal distribution of this data, one-way ANOVA analysis was used to evaluate the effects of the independent variables on the amount of apical extrusion of the irrigant. RESULTS Based on the results of ANOVA analysis, there was no significant difference between the amounts of apical extrusion of MB between different groups (p = 0.628) CONCLUSION: Using SWEEPS and PIPS techniques, despite diffusion of the photosensitizer, didn't lead to any difference in the amount of apical extrusion. Therefore, these LAI techniques can be used safely for root canal irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Bolhari
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Meraji
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Seddighi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Ebrahimi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chauhan N, Kumar G, Goswami M, Johar S, Sharma A. Antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, saline, and Er, Cr:YSGG laser-assisted disinfection in root canal treatment of primary molars: An in vivo study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:70-75. [PMID: 37282415 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_98_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Saline, and Er, Cr:YSGG laser-assisted disinfection through microbiological analysis in root canal treatment of primary molars. Materials and Methods Forty-five primary teeth were selected for this study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the age group of 4-8 years and then randomly allocated to Three Groups A, B, and C. In Group A, during root canal treatment, irrigation was done using NaOCl, in Group B, laser-assisted disinfection was done using Er, Cr:YSGG laser, and in Group C, saline was used as an irrigating agent. This was followed by obtaining pre- and postirrigation samples from the canals for microbiological investigation in all the groups. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science-21 (SPSS-21). Results NaOCl was more effective against aerobic bacteria while Er, Cr:YSGG laser was more effective against anaerobic bacteria when used for disinfection in root canal treatment. There was a significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The study showed that NaOCl and Er, Cr:YSGG laser have antimicrobial effects when used for disinfection in root canal treatment of primary teeth. Moreover, the study also shows that Er, Cr:YSGG laser may be used as a valuable tool for laser-assisted disinfection in root canal treatment of primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chauhan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gyanendra Kumar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mridula Goswami
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Smriti Johar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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Mishra A, Koul M, Abdullah A, Khan N, Dhawan P, Bhat A. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Diode Laser (Continuous Mode), Diode Laser (Pulse Mode), and 5.25% of Sodium Hypochlorite in Disinfection of Root Canal: A Short Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:579-583. [PMID: 36865733 PMCID: PMC9973105 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The success of endodontic treatment is achieved by the complete elimination of pulpal infection and protection from future invasion of microorganisms. Due to the complex structure of the root canal, complete eradication of microorganisms is not possible and is a major challenge for successful endodontic treatment. Therefore, microbiological studies are needed to explore the effect of various disinfection methods. Aim and objective The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of root canal disinfection by using a diode laser (in pulse and continuous modes) and sodium hypochlorite by microbiological assessment. Materials and methods Forty-five patients were selected and randomly divided into three groups. After gaining patency to the root canal the first sample from the root canal was taken using a sterile absorbent paper point and transferred to a sterile tube containing a normal saline medium. Biomechanical preparation was performed with Dentsply Protaper hand files of each corresponding group and was disinfected with group I (diode light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER) 980 nm with 3 W in continuous mode for 20 seconds), group II (diode LASER 980 nm with 3 W in pulse mode for 20 seconds), group III (irrigated with 5.25% of sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes). Pre- and post-samples of each group were inoculated on sheep blood agar and examined for any bacterial growth. After the microbial evaluation of the total microbial count of pre- and post-samples, the data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results The data were evaluated and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Groups I, II, and III all three groups showed significant differences (p < 0.01) and an overall reduction in the microbial count at postbiomechanical preparation (BMP) as compared to pre-BMP with the highest being in laser in continuous mode (group I) (91.9%), followed by 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (group III) (86.5%) and LASER in pulse mode (group II) (72.0%) the least. Conclusion The study concluded that the diode laser in continuous mode is more efficacious than the diode laser in pulse mode and 5.2% sodium hypochlorite, respectively. How to cite this article Mishra A, Koul M, Abdullah A, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Diode Laser (Continuous Mode), Diode Laser (Pulse Mode), and 5.25% of Sodium Hypochlorite in Disinfection of Root Canal: A Short Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):579-583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Mishra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Koul
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahsan Abdullah
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nausheen Khan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Dhawan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, BRS Dental College and Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Anu Bhat
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, BRS Dental College and Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India
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Saffarpour M, Abasalizadeh F, Fathollahi MS, Chiniforush N. The in vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue and indocyanine green on microleakage of class V cavities. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:103005. [PMID: 35811053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the importance of disinfecting dentin and enamel after cavity preparation and the possible effect of disinfection methods on induction of various reactions in the tooth structure the aim of the present study was to evaluate microleakage of composite resin restoration after disinfecting the prepared dentin and enamel surface with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with toluidine blue (TBO) and indocyanine green (ICG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Standard class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of 71 human premolar teeth. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups based on disinfection method: Group 1: conventional disinfection method with Phosphoric acid 37% as the control; Group 2: aPDT with TBO and diode laser with wavelength of 635 nm; Group 3: aPDT with ICG and diode laser with wavelength of 808 nm. All the cavities were restored with composite resin (3M™ Filtek™ Z250). After thermocycling and immersing in 0.5% basic fuchsin, the samples were prepared for microleakage evaluation under a stereomicroscope. Data was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests at P < 0.05. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the microleakage of occlusal and gingival margins between the TBO and control groups (P > 0.05). Also, the microleackage of occlusal margins between groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05) but microleackage of gingival margins of ICG group was lower than two other groups in a meaningful way (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy with ICG as disinfecting agent in cavity preparations before composite resin restorations decreases the microleackage of gingival margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Saffarpour
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Influence of Laser Irradiation Settings, during Diode-Assisted Endodontics, on the Intraradicular Adhesion of Self-Etch and Self-Curing Luting Cement during Restoration-An Ex Vivo Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072531. [PMID: 35407862 PMCID: PMC8999595 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diode-assisted endodontics is nowadays utilized for pulp space disinfection, but little is known on the bonding potential of this lased root dentin when the tooth is restored with an intracanal polymer post. Objectives: to investigate the influence of diode laser irradiation settings, in laser-assisted endodontics, on the intraradicular bonding of composite materials. Methods: Sixteen two-rooted, maxillary first premolars were collected, prepared up to F4 (Protaper Universal. Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and randomly assigned in two groups: group A (chopped mode or short pulse), diode irradiated according to protocol, pulse 25 ms, power 2.5 W, and group B (microchopped mode or ultrashort pulse), pulse 25 μs, peak power 12 W (both groups GentleRay. KaVo Dental, Biberach an der Riss, Germany). Buccal canals were irradiated, palatal ones served as controls. Canals were then obturated, post space was created in all canals, and quartz-fiber posts (ICE light Danville. Danville Materials, San Ramon, CA, USA) were cemented by self-etch self-curing cement (Max Cem Elite. Kerr, West Collins Orange, CA, USA) (Max Cem Elite. Kerr, Brea, CA, USA). A week later, teeth were sectioned horizontally in 1 mm increments. Push-out test was conducted in a Zwick testing machine (Zwick Roell, Ulm, Germany) at 1 mm/min speed, and the force required to dislodge the post from each specimen (F-max) was recorded. Weibull regression models were applied for statistical analyses. Results: Differences in F-max by group (control vs. chopped mode vs. microchopped mode) and height (meaning the apical-to-coronal position of each specimen along the root) were statistically significant (p < 0.05 in all cases). Conclusions: Short pulses (or chopped mode) had a profound positive effect on the quality of intraradicular bonding, while Ultrashort pulses (or microchopped mode) affected it negatively. In addition, apically positioned bonding proved weaker compared with more coronally located specimens.
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In Vivo Efficacy of Diode Laser as a Monotherapy in Root Canal Disinfection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:59-70. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Wenzler JS, Falk W, Frankenberger R, Braun A. Impact of Adjunctive Laser Irradiation on the Bacterial Load of Dental Root Canals: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121557. [PMID: 34943769 PMCID: PMC8698752 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful root canal treatment depends on the adequate elimination of pathogenic bacteria. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel 445-nm semiconductor laser in reducing bacteria after chemomechanical root canal treatment. Microbiological specimens from 57 patients were collected after emergency endodontic treatment, in the following sequence: 1, removal of the temporary filling material; 2, chemomechanical treatment; 3, rinsing with sodium hypochlorite (3%) along with one of three adjuvant protocols (n = 19 in each group). The adjuvant procedures were: (a) sodium hypochlorite rinsing alone (3%); (b) laser irradiation; (c) combined sodium hypochlorite rinsing and laser irradiation. The diode laser was set to 0.59 W in continuous-wave mode (CW) for 4 × 10 s. After the flooding of the root canal with saline, specimens were collected using paper points and analyzed microbiologically. Statistically significant reductions in the bacterial load were observed in all three groups (p < 0.05): 80.5% with sodium hypochlorite rinsing alone and 58.2% with laser therapy. Both results were lower than with the combination of sodium hypochlorite rinsing and 445-nm laser irradiation, at 92.7% (p < 0.05). Additional disinfection of the root canal can thus be achieved with 445-nm laser irradiation after conventional chemical disinfection with sodium hypochlorite solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes-Simon Wenzler
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Campus Marburg, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039 Marburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)241-8037452
| | - Wolfgang Falk
- Center for Dental Microbiology, Bergstr. 26, 24103 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Campus Marburg, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Braun
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Campus Marburg, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039 Marburg, Germany;
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Bytyqi A, Aliu X, Barani M, Stubljar D, Jukic T, Starc A, Krasniqi S. Disinfection of Infected Artificial Dental Periapical Lesions with Diode Laser: An In Vitro Study. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2021; 27:e932492. [PMID: 34369916 PMCID: PMC8325393 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.932492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periapical lesions are primarily caused by infections in the root canals. The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of diode laser during root canal treatment in artificial models of infected periapical lesions. Material/Methods One hundred twenty-two extracted premolar single-rooted teeth were inserted into methyl methacrylate artificial models of periapical lesions, and bacterial solutions of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 49456) were then applied to the models. The respective diameters of lesions in the artificial models represented 3 different subgroups based on lesion size. The laser protocol used for endodontic disinfection had a power output of 1.5 W and a wavelength of 810 nm. The impact on cell viability was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Disinfection with laser did not differ between microorganisms (P=0.137), and laser irradiation with a longer duration had better disinfecting action for both microorganisms (P<0.001). Compared with larger lesions, smaller lesions had a higher percentage of dead cells for both microorganisms (P<0.001). The percentage of dead cells in the treatment groups was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions Laser treatment had a poor, almost negligible effect on elimination of bacterial cells in large periapical lesions. Application of a laser might serve as an adjuvant method to standard irrigation with sodium hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agron Bytyqi
- College of Medical Sciences - Rezonanca, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Xhevdet Aliu
- University for Business and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Merita Barani
- University for Business and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - David Stubljar
- Department of Research and Development, In-Medico, Metlika, Slovenia
| | - Tomislav Jukic
- Department of Internal Medicine, History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrej Starc
- Chair of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sokol Krasniqi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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13
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Kosarieh E, Bolhari B, Sanjari Pirayvatlou S, Kharazifard MJ, Sattari Khavas S, Jafarnia S, Saberi S. Effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation using SWEEPS and PIPS technique on dye penetration depth after root canal preparation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102136. [PMID: 33307236 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the penetration depth of two different dyes after root canal preparation using PIPS and SWEEPS methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 single-rooted human teeth which were extracted for periodontal reasons were collected and stored in the sterile saline until using in the study. The crowns of the teeth were cut such that the remaining piece was 12 mm long. The root canals were prepared. Teeth were divided randomly into two initial groups (n = 30): indocyanine green solution (ICG) and methylene blue solution. Then, these teeth were divided into final subgroups (n = 10): Er:YAG laser irradiation with PIPS(photon-induced photoacoustic streaming) technique, Er:YAG laser irradiation with SWEEPS(shock-wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming) technique, and no irradiation. The penetration depth measurements were done by the stereo microscope in three zones of each specimen. RESULTS The difference between ICG in the control group and PIPS and SWEEPS in the coronal area was not significant. In the middle section the difference between PIPS and the control group was marginally insignificant (P = 0.053). In the methylene blue group, PIPS had significantly higher penetration depth in the apical area compared to the control group (P = 0.004). In the middle section, both PIPS and SWEEPS showed significantly higher penetration than the control group. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, the laser has the potential to increase the penetration of methylene blue. Root canal preparation with the PIPS technique can increase the dye penetration. However, the SWEEPS technique and the conventional method have a similar outcome in terms of dye penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kosarieh
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Bolhari
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - M J Kharazifard
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - S Jafarnia
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - S Saberi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Kushwah J, Mishra R, Bhadauria V. Antibacterial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, Ozonated Water, and 980 nm Diode Laser Used for Disinfection of Root Canal against Enterococcus faecalis: A Microbiological Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:694-699. [PMID: 33976498 PMCID: PMC8060924 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Evaluation and comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, ozonated water, diode laser, and diode laser in combination with ozonated water against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods One hundred and twenty extracted premolar teeth were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction and root canals were prepared using step-back technique with K-file up to #40. The teeth were arbitrarily allocated to four groups and stowed into brain heart infusion broth containing a microbial suspension of E. faecalis. Group I samples were irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Group II samples were irrigated with ozonated water. Group III samples were irrigated firstly by distilled water followed by laser irradiation. Group IV samples were irrigated by ozonated water followed by laser irradiation. After the treatment, the teeth were kept in vials containing 2 mL of nutrient broth. The vials were then incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Standard methods were then used to identify grown colonies. Statistical analysis Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney test, Chi-square test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to measure the colony-forming units (CFUs) obtained at the end of the incubation period among the various groups for the evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of various disinfection protocols. Results The highest mean CFU/mL is recorded in group II (with ozonated water) followed by group I (with sodium hypochlorite), group III (with a laser), and the least mean CFU/mL is seen in group IV (with laser and ozonated water). The variation in CFU/mL among the three groups is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion The outcome of this study reveals that 980 nm diode laser along with ozonated water when used together can eliminate and disinfect the root canals with E. faecalis. How to cite this article Kushwah J, Mishra R, Bhadauria V. Antibacterial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, Ozonated Water, and 980 nm Diode Laser Used for Disinfection of Root Canal against Enterococcus faecalis: A Microbiological Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):694–699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagriti Kushwah
- Department of Dentistry, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Mishra
- Department of Dentistry, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Bhadauria
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, IDEAS Dental College and Hospital, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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15
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Antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy, diode laser, and sodium hypochlorite and their combinations on endodontic pathogens. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:265-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Mutluay AT, Mutluay M. Effects of Different Disinfection Methods on Microleakage of Giomer Restorations. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:569-573. [PMID: 31770812 PMCID: PMC6938441 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1698370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of different disinfection methods on microleakage of Class V Giomer restorations.
Materials and Methods
Class V cavity preparation was performed on 40 sound permanent central incisors. Class V cavities (3 x 2 x 2 mm) were prepared on the buccal surfaces of the selected teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups, each to be disinfected with a different method: Group 1—Disinfection with 2% chlorhexidine, Group 2—Disinfection with 6% sodium hypochlorite, Group 3—Disinfection with erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser, Group 4—Control (distilled water). BeautiBond adhesive and Beautifil II Giomer restoration materials were applied to all surfaces of the cavities after the disinfection of all groups. The teeth were thermocycled 5,000 times (5–55°C), and then were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue for 24 hours. After rinsing, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned and dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope (40x) to evaluate microleakage.
Statistical Analysis
The results were statistically evaluated by using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney
U
tests.
Results
Statistically, no significant difference was found between all four groups (
p
> 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in microleakage scores of study groups (
p
> 0.05). Also, the microleakage scores of the gingival margins were significantly higher than the incisal margins (
p
< 0.0001).
Conclusions
Application of the different cavity disinfectants has no effect on the microleakage of Class V Giomer restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidin Talha Mutluay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Merve Mutluay
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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17
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Abdel Raheem IA, Abdul Razek A, Elgendy AA, Saleh NM, Shaaban MI, Abd El-Hady FK. Design, Evaluation And Antimicrobial Activity Of Egyptian Propolis-Loaded Nanoparticles: Intrinsic Role As A Novel And Naturally Based Root Canal Nanosealer. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8379-8398. [PMID: 31695372 PMCID: PMC6814318 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s219577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propolis is a unique natural adhesive product collected by honeybees. It contains a diversity of bioactive compounds with reported functional properties such as antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticancer activity. Dental caries is a worldwide problem that caused by microbial growth usually progress from tooth enamel to the underlying pulpal tissues and root canal. This situation could be controlled by a sequence of steps to remove microorganisms and fill root canal with a suitable long-lasting root canal sealer. Unfortunately, leachable and degradation products of the currently used sealers compromised their antimicrobial activity by inflammatory modulation associated with irritation and toxicity of periapical tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hence, propolis was selected to be designed as a natural root canal sealer due to its amazing functional properties. Moreover, its handling properties were enhanced and potentiated by its incorporation in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Frist, propolis was collected, extracted and analyzed for its bioactive compounds. After that, propolis-loaded NPs of PLGA (ProE-loaded NPs) were developed and fully characterized regarding physicochemical properties, in vitro release and in vitro cytotoxicity. Then, root canal sealers were fabricated and assayed for their antimicrobial activity. Both cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity were compared to those of a model sealer; AH Plus®. RESULTS The results revealed that spherical nanoscopic NPs with narrow size distribution were obtained. ProE-loaded NPs exhibited accepted entrapment efficiency (>80) and prolonged release. In vitro cytotoxicity study confirmed the safety of ProE-loaded NPs. Also, the developed sealers showed antimicrobial activity versus bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. CONCLUSION ProE-loaded NPs could be incorporated in and represented as a root canal sealer with prolonged release and enhanced cytocompatibility as well as antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amro Abdul Razek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Noha Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona Ibrahem Shaaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Faten K Abd El-Hady
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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18
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Katalinić I, Budimir A, Bošnjak Z, Jakovljević S, Anić I. The photo-activated and photo-thermal effect of the 445/970 nm diode laser on the mixed biofilm inside root canals of human teeth in vitro: A pilot study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:277-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Braun A, Hagelauer FJP, Wenzler J, Heimer M, Frankenberger R, Stein S. Microcrack Analysis of Dental Hard Tissue After Root Canal Irradiation with a 970-nm Diode Laser. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:621-628. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2018.4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Braun
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Wenzler
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Heimer
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Stein
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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20
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Masuda Y, Sakagami H, Horiike M, Kadokura H, Yamasaki T, Klokkevold PR, Takei HH, Yokose S. Photodynamic Therapy with Pyoktanin Blue and Diode Laser for Elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. In Vivo 2018; 32:707-712. [PMID: 29936449 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Enterococcus faecalis is responsible for most cases of endodontic treatment failure. Despite various conventional disinfection methods, root canals are not completely free of microorganisms. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new antimicrobial strategy that involves the use of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and a light source. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of PDT using diode laser and pyoktanin blue (PB) and confirm the nontoxicity of PB as a PS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Laser irradiation with an output power of 3 W was performed with PB as the PS to a bacterial solution containing E. faecalis. Then, the number of colony-forming units was counted. PB cytotoxicity was also assessed by the MTT assay. RESULTS E. faecalis counts were reduced after laser irradiation, laser irradiation with PB, or the combination thereof compared to the control, non-irradiation or water. The 50% cytotoxic concentration value for adult human dermal fibroblasts incubated with PB for 1 min was 108 μg/ml. CONCLUSION Diode laser irradiation in combination with PB as the PS is efficacious for the elimination of E. faecalis without toxic effects to human dermal fibroblasts. This strategy might be useful for root canal irrigants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Masuda
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Saitama, Japan .,Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Horiike
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadokura
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahide Yamasaki
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Perry R Klokkevold
- Section of Postgraduate Periodontics and Implant Surgery, School of Dentistry, University California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Henry H Takei
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Satoshi Yokose
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Saitama, Japan
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21
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Bahrololoomi Z, Poursina F, Birang R, Foroughi E, Yousefshahi H. The Effect of Er:YAG Laser on Entroccocus faecalis Bacterium in the Pulpectomy of Anterior Primary Teeth. J Lasers Med Sci 2017; 8:166-171. [PMID: 29071021 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Successful root canal therapy depends on the complete elimination of microorganisms such as Entroccocus faecalis, which is impossible to achieve with the traditional methods. Lasers are recently introduced as a new method to solve the problem. The present study is planned and performed to examining the antibacterial effect of Er: YAG laser. Methods: Sixty extracted anterior primary teeth were prepared and sterilized. E. faecalis bacterium was cultured in canals. Samples were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was disinfected by NaOCl 5/25% and Er: YAG laser and the second group just by NaOCl 5/25%. Samples of canal contents were cultured and colony counts were calculated. The results were analyzed statistically by SPSS software and Mann Whitney test. Results: There was no significant difference between colony counts in both groups (P=0.142). But the number of colonies in the first group was lower than in the second group. Conclusion: Although, Er: YAG laser cannot completely eliminate E. faecalis bacterium, its simultaneous use with NaOCl decreases E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrololoomi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Poursina
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Birang
- Periodontology Department, Dental Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elnaz Foroughi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hazhir Yousefshahi
- Students Research Center, Dental Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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22
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Trišić D, Ćetenović B, Jovanović I, Gjorgievska E, Popović B, Marković D. Diode Laser Irradiation in Endodontic Therapy through Cycles - in vitro Study. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/bjdm-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Summary
Background/Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of irradiation cycles and resting periods, on thermal effects on the external root surface during root canal irradiation of two diode laser systems (940 nm and 975 nm), at output powers of 1 W and 2 W in continuous mode. In previous studies the rising of temperature above 7°C has been reported as biologically accepted to avoid periodontal damage on the external root surface. Material and Methods: Twenty human inferior incisors were randomly distributed into four groups, the 940 nm, and the 975 nm diode laser irradiation, both with an output power of 1 W and 2 W, in continuous mode. The thermographic camera was used to detect temperature variations on the external root surface. Digital radiography of the samples was made. Results: After three cycles of irradiation, at apical third of the root, mean temperature variation by 940 nm diode laser irradiation was 2.88°C for output power of 1 W, and 6.52°C for output power of 2 W. The 975 nm laser caused a higher temperature increase in the apical region, with temperature variation of 13.56°C by an output power of 1 W, and 30.60°C at 2 W, with a statistical significance of p ≤ 0.0001 between two laser systems compared for the same power. The resting periods of 20 s between cycles were enough to lower temperature under 7°C in the case of 1 W and 2 W for 940 nm diode laser, while for 975 nm laser, after three irradiation cycles overheating occurred at both output power rates. Conclusion: Three cycles irradiation of 940 nm diode laser, with resting periods of 20 seconds, allowed safe usage of 1 W and 2 W in CW for endodontic treatment. For 975 nm at a power rate of 1 W, the last resting period drop the temperature near the safe limit and it came under 7°C in a period less than a minute, while at the power of 2 W the resting periods were not long enough for the safe temperature decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Trišić
- Clinic for Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Bojana Ćetenović
- Clinic for Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Igor Jovanović
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Niš, Niš , Serbia
| | - Elizabeta Gjorgievska
- Faculty of Dentistry, University “Ss Cyril and Methodius” Skopje, Skopje , FYRM, Macedonia
| | - Branka Popović
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Dejan Marković
- Clinic for Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade , Serbia
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23
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Enhancement of photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by disruptive strategies. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1757-1767. [PMID: 28612299 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been used to inactivate microorganisms through the use of photosensitizers and visible light. On the one hand, near-infrared treatment (NIRT) has also bactericidal and dispersal effects on biofilms. In addition, dispersal biological tools such as enzymes have also been employed in antibiotic combination treatments. The aim of this work was to use alternative approaches to increase the PDI efficacy, employing combination therapies aimed at the partial disruption of the biofilms, thus potentially increasing photosensitizer or oxygen penetration and interaction with bacteria. To that end, we applied toluidine blue (TB)-PDI treatment to Staphylococcus aureus biofilms previously treated with NIRT or enzymes and investigated the outcome of the combined therapies. TB employed at 0.5 mM induced per se 2-log drop in S. aureus RN6390 biofilm viability. Each NIRT (980-nm laser) and PDI (635-nm laser) treatment induced a further reduction of 1-log of viable counts. The combination of successive 980- and 635-nm laser treatments on TB-treated biofilms induced additive effects, leading to a 4.5-log viable count decrease. Proteinase K treatment applied to S. aureus of the Newman strain induced an additive effect on PDI mortality, leading to an overall 4-log decrease in S. aureus viability. Confocal scanning laser microscopy after biofilm staining with a fluorescent viability test and scanning electron microscopy observations were correlated with colony counts. The NIRT dose employed (227 J/cm2) led to an increase from 21 to 47 °C in the buffer temperature of the biofilm system, and this NIRT dose also induced 100% keratinocyte death. Further work is needed to establish conditions under which biofilm dispersal occurs at lower NIRT doses.
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24
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The Antibacterial Effect of Nd:YAG Laser Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Endod 2017; 43:857-863. [PMID: 28389075 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Meurman JH, Janket SJ, Surakka M, Jackson EA, Ackerson LK, Fakhri HR, Chogle S, Walls A. Lower risk for cardiovascular mortality for patients with root filled teeth in a Finnish population. Int Endod J 2017; 50:1158-1168. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - S.-J. Janket
- Department of Periodontology; Center for Clinical Research, General Dentistry; H. M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - M. Surakka
- Otorhinolaryngology/Maxillofacial Surgery; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - E. A. Jackson
- Preventive Cardiology, Internal Medicine; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - L. K. Ackerson
- Department of Public Health; University of Massachusetts; Lowell MA USA
| | - H. R. Fakhri
- Department of Periodontology; Center for Clinical Research, General Dentistry; H. M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - S. Chogle
- Endodontics; H. M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - A. Walls
- Edinburgh Dental Institute; University of Edinburgh; Scotland UK
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26
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Beer F, Farmakis ETR, Kopic J, Kurzmann C, Moritz A. Temperature Development on the External Root Surface During Laser-Assisted Endodontic Treatment Applying a Microchopped Mode of a 980 nm Diode Laser. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:206-212. [PMID: 28092475 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to investigate the temperature increase of the external root surface during laser-assisted endodontic treatment using a diode laser (980 nm) in a microchopped mode. METHODS Ten freshly extracted, human maxillary incisors with mature apices were collected, prepared to size F4 at working length (ProTaper; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), mounted to a holder, and irradiated (using spiral movements in coronal direction) with a diode laser (GENTLEray 980 Classic Plus; KaVo, Biberach, Germany) with a 200 μm fiber in four different treatment groups: Group 1 (control group) was irradiated in six cycles of 5-sec irradiation/20-sec pause with 2.5 W in the pulse mode. Groups 2 to 4 were irradiated at six cycles of 5-sec irradiation/20-sec pause in the microchopped mode (Group 2-1.6 W; Group 3-2.0 W; Group 4-2.5 W). The applied mode was 25 ms on/25 ms off. Within the on period, the laser delivered an intermittent sequence of energy complexes and the maximum output was equal to the nominated output of the device (12 W). Canals were kept moist by sterile saline irrigation in between irradiations, and temperature changes were continuously measured using a thermal imaging camera. Recordings were analyzed by a mixed model (analysis of variance [ANOVA] for repeated measurements). RESULTS The highest mean of temperature rise, 1.94°C ± 1.07°C, was measured in Group 4, followed by Group 3 (1.74°C ± 1.22°C) and Group 2 (1.58°C ± 1.18°C). The lowest increase occurred in Group 1 (1.06°C ± 1.20°C). There was a significant difference (p = 0.041) between the groups. Significant differences were found between Groups 1 and 4 (p = 0.007) and 1 and 2 (p = 0.035). In addition, a marginally significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.052) was noted. There was no significant difference between Groups 2, 3, and 4. Despite the low mean values reported, the highest temperature increase (+5.7°C) was measured in one of the specimens of treatment Group 2 at the middle third. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions used and within the limitations of the study, the microchopped diode laser irradiation is a safe possible treatment option in laser-assisted endodontic treatment, concerning the temperature elevation on the external root surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josip Kopic
- 3 Unit-Division of Dental Student Training and Patient Care, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kurzmann
- 4 Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- 4 Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
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Vatkar NA, Hegde V, Sathe S. Vitality of Enterococcus faecalis inside dentinal tubules after five root canal disinfection methods. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:445-9. [PMID: 27656064 PMCID: PMC5026105 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the vitality of Enterococcus faecalis within dentinal tubules after subjected to five root canal disinfection methods. Materials and Methods: Dentin blocks (n = 60) were colonized with E. faecalis. After 4 weeks of incubation, the dentin blocks were divided into one control and five test groups (n = 10 each). The root canals of test groups were subjected to one of the disinfection methods, namely, normal saline (NS), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser, and diode laser. The effect of disinfection methods was assessed by LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain under the confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine the “zone of dead bacteria” (ZDB). Mean values were calculated for ZDB and the difference between groups was established. Results: Penetration of E. faecalis was seen to a depth of >1000 μm. Viable bacteria were detected with NS irrigation. NaOCl and CHX showed partial ZDB. When the root canals were disinfected with Nd: YAG and diode lasers, no viable bacteria were found. Conclusion: E. faecalis has the ability to colonize inside dentinal tubules to a depth of >1000 μm. In contrast to conventional irrigants, both Nd: YAG and diode lasers were effective in eliminating the vitality of E. faecalis. NS, NaOCl, and CHX showed viable bacteria remaining in dentinal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Ashok Vatkar
- Department of Endodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Hegde
- Department of Endodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sucheta Sathe
- Department of Endodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Kosarieh E, Khavas SS, Rahimi A, Chiniforush N, Gutknecht N. The comparison of penetration depth of two different photosensitizers in root canals with and without smear layer: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 13:10-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Asnaashari M, Ebad LT, Shojaeian S. Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of 810 and 980- nanometer Diode Lasers on Enterococcus Faecalis in the Root Canal System -An in vitro study. Laser Ther 2016; 25:209-214. [PMID: 27853346 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.16-or-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim: Use of laser technology in endodontics has greatly increased in the recent years due to the introduction of new wavelengths and methods and optimal antimicrobial and smear layer removal properties of lasers. This in vitro study aimed to compare the antibacterial effects of diode lasers of 810 nm and 980 nm wavelength on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm in the root canal system. Materials and methods: Fifty single-canal human anterior teeth were cleaned, shaped, sterilized and randomly divided into four groups namely two experimental, one positive and one negative control group. The experimental and positive control groups were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for two weeks. The experimental group one (n=20) received 810 nm diode laser irradiation (1.5W) while the experimental group two (n=20) was subjected to 980 nm diode laser irradiation (1.5W). The E. faecalis colony forming units (CFUs) were counted in each root canal before and after laser irradiation. Results: Laser irradiation significantly decreased the bacterial colony count in both experimental groups. The reduction in microbial count was significantly greater in 810 nm laser group compared to 980 nm laser group. Conclusion: Irradiation of both 810 and 980 nm lasers significantly decreased the E. faecalis count in the root canal system; 810 nm laser was more effective in decreasing the intracanal microbial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Asnaashari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shiva Shojaeian
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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NEVES PAM, LIMA LA, RODRIGUES FCN, LEITÃO TJ, RIBEIRO CCC. Clinical effect of photodynamic therapy on primary carious dentin after partial caries removal. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100246. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sohrabi K, Sooratgar A, Zolfagharnasab K, Kharazifard MJ, Afkhami F. Antibacterial Activity of Diode Laser and Sodium Hypochlorite in Enterococcus Faecalis-Contaminated Root Canals. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2015; 11:8-12. [PMID: 26843870 PMCID: PMC4731526 DOI: 10.7508/iej.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the disinfection ability of 980-nm diode laser in comparison with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a common root canal irrigant in canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Methods and Materials: The root canals of 18 extracted single-rooted premolars were prepared by rotary system. After decoronation, the roots were autoclaved. One specimen was chosen for the negative control, and the remaining teeth were incubated with E. faecalis suspension for two weeks. Subsequently, one specimen was selected as the positive control and the remaining samples were divided into two groups (n=8). The samples of the first group were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and the second group were treated with a 980-nm diode laser. Microbial samples were taken from the root canals and bacterial cultivation was carried out. The average value and the standard deviation of colony-forming units (CFU) of each specimen were measured using descriptive statistics. The student’s t-test was used to compare the reduction in CFU in each group. The equality of variance of CFU was measured by the Levene’s test. Results: NaOCl resulted in 99.87% removal of the bacteria and showed significantly more antibacterial effect compared to the 980-nm diode laser which led to 96.56% bacterial reduction (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although 5.25% NaOCl seems to reduce E. faecalis more effectively, the diode laser also reduced the bacterial count. Therefore a 980-nm diode laser could be considered as a complementary disinfection method in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Sohrabi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aidin Sooratgar
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Farzaneh Afkhami
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
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Melo MAS, Rolim JP, Zanin IC, Silva JJ, Paschoal AR, Ayala AP, Rodrigues LK. A Comparative Study of the Photosensitizer Penetration into Artificial Caries Lesions in Dentin Measured by the Confocal Raman Microscopy. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:183-8. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anne S. Melo
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry; University of Maryland Dental School; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Juliana P.M.L. Rolim
- Post-graduation Program; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - Iriana C.J. Zanin
- Post-graduation Program; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - José J.A. Silva
- Physics Department; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | | | | | - Lidiany K.A. Rodrigues
- Post-graduation Program; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
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Savadi Oskoee S, Alizadeh Oskoee P, Jafari Navimipour E, Ahmad Ajami A, Pournaghi Azar F, Rikhtegaran S, Amini M. Comparison of the Effect of Nd:YAG and Diode Lasers and Photodynamic Therapy on Microleakage of Class V Composite Resin Restorations. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2013; 7:74-80. [PMID: 23875084 PMCID: PMC3713864 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2013.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Considering the importance of disinfecting dentin after cavity preparation and the possible effect of disinfection methods on induction of various reactions between the tooth structure and the adhesive restorative material, the aim of the present study was to evaluate microleakage of composite resin restorations after disinfecting the prepared dentin surface with Nd:YAG and Diode lasers and photodynamic therapy.
Materials and methods Standard Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of 96 sound bovine teeth. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the disinfection method: Group 1: Nd:YAG laser; Group 2: Diode laser; Group 3: photodynamic therapy; and Group 4: the control. Self-etch bonding agent (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied and all the cavities were restored with composite resin (Z100). After thermocycling and immersing in 0.5% basic fuchsin, the samples were prepared for microleakage evaluation under a stereomicroscope. Data was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests at P<0.05.
Results There were no significant differences in the microleakage of occlusal and gingival margins between the study groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in microleakage between the occlusal and gingival margins in the Nd:YAG laser group (P>0.05). In the other groups, microleakage at gingival margins was significantly higher than that at the occlusal margins (P<0.05).
Conclusion Nd:YAG and Diode lasers and photodynamic therapy can be used to disinfect cavity preparations before composite resin restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Savadi Oskoee
- Professor, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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A comparative study of temperature elevation on human teeth root surfaces during Nd:YAG laser irradiation in root canals. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:1441-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Rahimi S, Shahi S, Gholizadeh S, Shakouie S, Rikhtegaran S, Soroush Barhaghi MH, Ghojazadeh M, Froughreyhani M, Abdolrahimi M. Bactericidal effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and sodium hypochlorite solution on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:637-41. [PMID: 23003122 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effects of Nd:YAG laser on biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. BACKGROUND DATA It is difficult to eliminate bacterial biofilms with routine endodontic preparation techniques. It might be possible to eliminate biofilms remaining in the root canals of teeth with lasers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The root canals of 60 extracted teeth were prepared and E. faecalis biofilms were formed within the root canals. Then the teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15. Group 1 samples did not undergo any interventions, to serve as controls. Group 2 samples underwent a 3-W laser beam for 10 sec. The root canals in group 3 were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min and then irradiated with a 3-W laser beam for 10 sec. The root canals in group 4 were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min. Dentin chips were collected from the root canal walls and weighed. Then the chips were used to prepare a suspension. The classic colony-forming unit (CFU) counting technique was used to determine remaining bacterial counts. RESULTS The bacterial counts in groups 2 and 4 had decreased to 54% and 2.39% of the control group, respectively. In group 3 no bacterial growth was observed. There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of the present study, the effect of Nd:YAG laser beam on E. faecalis biofilm is less than that of sodium hypochlorite solution. A combination of laser and sodium hypochlorite results in complete elimination of E. faecalis biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rahimi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Quock RL, Patel SA, Falcao FA, Barros JA. Is a drill-less dental filling possible? Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:315-7. [PMID: 21600700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries, a bacterial process that results in the acidic destruction of tooth structure, has historically been managed by the mechanical excavation of diseased tooth structure and then restoration with a synthetic material. The mechanical excavation of the infected site is most commonly achieved by a dental handpiece, or "drill"; this handpiece may induce stress and anxiety in many patients. Alternatively, a drill-less filling will involve the utilization of silver diamine fluoride (38%) to arrest and prevent dental caries, followed by restoration with a bonded filling material to achieve adequate seal at the lesion margins. This is a minimally invasive procedure that addresses both microbial and mechanical issues posed by dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Quock
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of Texas at Houston Dental Branch, 6516 M. D. Anderson Blvd., Ste. 493, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Beer F, Buchmair A, Wernisch J, Georgopoulos A, Moritz A. Comparison of two diode lasers on bactericidity in root canals—an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:361-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Mehrvarzfar P, Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Fekrazad R, Karamifar K, Eslami G, Dadresanfar B. Additive effect of a diode laser on the antibacterial activity of 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and MTAD against Enterococcus faecalis contaminating root canals: an in vitro study. J Oral Sci 2011; 53:355-60. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.53.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Yavari HR, Rahimi S, Shahi S, Lotfi M, Barhaghi MHS, Fatemi A, Abdolrahimi M. Effect of Er, Cr: YSGG Laser Irradiation onEnterococcus faecalisin Infected Root Canals. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S91-6. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Yavari
- The Department of Endodontics, Tabriz Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Rahimi
- The Department of Endodontics, Tabriz Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- The Department of Endodontics, Tabriz Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Lotfi
- The Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Fatemi
- The Department of Endodontics, Tabriz Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Abdolrahimi
- The Department of Endodontics, Tabriz Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Pirnat S, Lukac M, Ihan A. Study of the direct bactericidal effect of Nd:YAG and diode laser parameters used in endodontics on pigmented and nonpigmented bacteria. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 26:755-61. [PMID: 20582609 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Laser light can be used during endodontic procedures to sterilize the root canal by destroying bacteria. Previous in-vitro studies that investigated the mechanism of the destruction of bacteria inhabiting the root canal by 1,064-nm Nd:YAG and 808-nm diode laser light used substrates that absorb light in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. These substrates heat the bacterial microenvironment, which possibly contributes to cell death. To determine the direct effect of laser light on the bacterial sample in the absence of detrimental heating, a sapphire substrate, which is virtually transparent in NIR spectrum, was inoculated with bacterial samples and subjected to laser irradiation at 1,064 nm (1.5 W, 15 Hz) and at 808 nm (1.5 W, 20 Hz). Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria were used. E. faecalis and E. coli were largely unaffected by laser light. The viability of P. gingivalis, a pigmented bacterium, was directly affected by both NIR wavelengths (a 57% decrease of viability at 1,064 nm and a 31% decrease at 808 nm). Our results indicate that the primary mediator of cell death appears to be the interaction between NIR laser light and the bacterial microenvironment, most likely in the form of heating. Our research suggests that when optimizing the efficacy of laser-assisted endodontic sterilization of the root canal, the optical characteristics of the bacterial microenvironment play a key role, as nonpigmented bacteria appear to be virtually transparent at 808 nm and 1,064 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Pirnat
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Hibst R, Graser R, Udart M, Stock K. Mechanism of high-power NIR laser bacteria inactivation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:296-303. [PMID: 20411570 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Lasers are used in dentistry for a variety of indications. One of these is the disinfection of root canals or the sterilization of residual caries. Many studies have demonstrated the capacity to kill bacteria for lasers but the fundamental mechanism of the laser effect remains quite unclear. With our experiments we wanted to determine whether high-power NIR laser bacterial killing is caused by the light itself (photochemical effect) or by a photothermal process. In order to differentiate between mechanisms we heated bacteria suspensions of a nonpathogenic strain of E. coli by a water bath and by a diode laser (940 nm) with the same temporal temperature course. Furthermore, bacteria suspensions were irradiated while the temperature was fixed by ice water. Killing of bacteria was measured via fluorescence labelling. Comparison of killing rates between laser and water-based heating shows no significant differences. The most important parameter is the maximum temperature. Laser irradiation of bacteria at low temperatures does not result in killing. Our experiments show that at least for E. coli bacteria inactivation by high-power laser irradiation is solely based on a thermal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Hibst
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Çelik Ç, Özel Y, Bağış B, Erkut S. Effect of Laser Irradiation and Cavity Disinfectant Application on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Systems. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:267-72. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Çelik
- Baskent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yonca Özel
- Baskent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Bağış
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selim Erkut
- Baskent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey
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Alfredo E, Marchesan M, Sousa-Neto M, Brugnera-Júnior A, Silva-Sousa Y. Temperature variation at the external root surface during 980-nm diode laser irradiation in the root canal. J Dent 2008; 36:529-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Schoop U, Barylyak A, Goharkhay K, Beer F, Wernisch J, Georgopoulos A, Sperr W, Moritz A. The impact of an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser with radial-firing tips on endodontic treatment. Lasers Med Sci 2007; 24:59-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-007-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schoop U, Goharkhay K, Klimscha J, Zagler M, Wernisch J, Georgopoulos A, Sperr W, Moritz A. The use of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser in endodontic treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 138:949-55. [PMID: 17606493 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser has become accepted in the field of cavity preparation. The development of miniaturized and flexible fiber tips has allowed this device to be used in endodontics. The authors conducted an in vitro study to assess the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on root canals. METHODS The authors inoculated root canals with two bacteria, laser irradiated them at two power settings and subjected them to a quantitative microbiological evaluation. They used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess morphological changes in endodontically processed and laser-irradiated root canal walls. They measured temperature increases on the root surface to determine possible thermal side effects. RESULTS The bacteriological evaluation revealed a disinfecting effect in the root dentin samples that was dependent on the output power but not specific for the bacterial species investigated. SEM showed the removal of the smear layer from the root canal walls and the exposure of dentinal tubules. The temperature rise during irradiation was moderate when standardized power settings were used. CONCLUSIONS The Er,Cr:YSGG laser can be used to eliminate bacteria in root canals. It also effectively removes smear layer and debris from the canal wall. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Practitioners can use the Er,Cr:YSGG laser to prepare root canals for endodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schoop
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Lee BS, Lin YW, Chia JS, Hsieh TT, Chen MH, Lin CP, Lan WH. Bactericidal effects of diode laser onStreptococcus mutans after irradiation through different thickness of dentin. Lasers Surg Med 2006; 38:62-9. [PMID: 16444695 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A reliable method to eradicate the bacteria of residual carious dentin has not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of a diode laser on Streptococcus mutans through different thickness (500, 1,000, and 2,000 microm) of human dentin. The thermal effect of laser irradiation was also investigated. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin specimens were inoculated with 2 microl of S. mutans on one side and irradiated by a diode laser on the other side with a power output ranging from 0.5 to 7 W. The laser tip was swept with the whole irradiation area of 7 mm x 3 mm at a speed of about 10 mm/second with a total irradiation time of 30 seconds. Cooling with distilled water (30 ml/minute) was applied simultaneously during laser irradiation. After laser irradiation, the bacteria was removed from the dentin surfaces and cultured for 48 hours at 37 degrees C anaerobically to assess the colony forming units (CFU) per ml. The morphology of the lased bacteria and the temperature rise during laser irradiation were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and measured by thermocouple, respectively. RESULTS The results revealed that 7 W of laser power could kill 97.7% of CFU through 500 microm thickness of dentin. However, the bactericidal efficiency was significantly reduced as the dentin thickness was increased. The morphological changes of lased bacteria ranged from less affected such as loss of their wall bands and existence of minicells to more severely degenerated, such as disintegration and fusion of cells with pores on the cell wall. Only the dentin specimens with a thickness of 500 microm exhibited a temperature rise greater than 5.5 degrees C after receiving 5 or 7 W of laser irradiation. CONCLUSIONS A diode laser can eliminate the Streptococcus mutans of the residual carious dentin without inducing high pulpal temperature rise when the remaining dentin thickness is greater than 1 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Shiunn Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10016, Taiwan
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Schoop U, Kluger W, Dervisbegovic S, Goharkhay K, Wernisch J, Georgopoulos A, Sperr W, Moritz A. Innovative wavelengths in endodontic treatment. Lasers Surg Med 2006; 38:624-30. [PMID: 16685700 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The sanitation of the root canal system and the adjacent dentin has always been a key requirement for successful endodontics. In recent years, various laser systems have provided a major contribution to this aim, namely the Nd:YAG-, the 810 nm Diode-, the Er:YAG-, and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Numerous studies could prove their efficiency within the endodontic procedure. Recently, two new wavelengths have been introduced to the field of oral laser applications: The KTP laser emitting at 532 nm and the 980 nm diode laser. The present in vitro investigation was performed to evaluate the effects of these laser systems focusing on their antibacterial effect in deep layers of dentin and their impact on the root canal dentin. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Two-hundred slices of root dentin with a thickness of 1 mm were obtained by longitudinal cuts of freshly extracted human premolars. The samples were steam sterilized and subsequently inoculated with a suspension of either Escherichia coli or Enterococcus faecalis. After the incubation, the samples were randomly assigned to the two different laser systems tested. Each laser group consisted of two different operational settings and a control. The dentinal samples underwent "indirect" laser irradiation through the dentin from the bacteria-free side and were then subjected to a classical quantitative microbiologic evaluation. To assess the temperature increase during the irradiation procedure, additional measurements were carried out using a thermocouple. To assess the impacts on the root canal walls, 20 additional samples underwent laser irradiation at two different settings and were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Microbiology indicated that both laser systems were capable of significant reductions in both test strains. At an effective output power of 1 W, E. coli was reduced by at least 3 log steps in most of the samples by the tested wavelengths, with the best results for the KTP laser showing complete eradication of E. coli in 75% of the samples. E. faecalis, a stubborn invader of the root canal, showed minor changes in bacterial count at 1 W. Using the higher setting of 1.5 W, significant reductions of E. coli were again observed with both laser systems, where the lasers were capable of complete eradication of E. faecalis to a significant extent. There was no significant relation between the temperature increase and the bactericidal effect. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that both wavelengths investigated could be suitable for the disinfection of even the deeper layers of dentin and equal the results achieved by established wavelengths in state-of-the-art endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schoop
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Währinger Strasse 25a, Austria.
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Schoop U, Kluger W, Moritz A, Nedjelik N, Georgopoulos A, Sperr W. Bactericidal effect of different laser systems in the deep layers of dentin. Lasers Surg Med 2004; 35:111-6. [PMID: 15334613 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In recent years, various laser systems have gained importance in the field of laser-assisted endodontics, namely the Nd:YAG, the diode, the Er:YAG, and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Individual studies have been carried out so far, focusing on the respective wavelength, its specific bactericidal capabilities, and potential usefulness is root-canal disinfection. The present in vitro investigation however, was performed to compare the microbicidal effect of these laser systems under standardized conditions and to draw a conclusion upon their relative effectiveness in the deep layers of dentin. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 360 slices of root dentin with a thickness of 1 mm were obtained by longitudinal cuts of freshly extracted human premolars. The samples were steam sterilized and subsequently inoculated with a suspension of either Escherichia coli or Enterococcus faecalis. After the incubation, the samples were randomly assigned to the four different laser systems tested. Each laser group consisted of two different operational settings and a control. The dentinal samples underwent "indirect" laser irradiation through the dentin from the bacteria-free side and were then subjected to a classical quantitative microbiologic evaluation. To assess the temperature increase during the irradiation procedure, additional measurements were carried out using a thermocouple. RESULTS Microbiology indicated that all laser systems were capable of significant reductions in both test strains. At an effective output power of 1 W, E. coli was reduced by at least three log steps in most of the samples by the tested wavelengths, with the best results for the Er:YAG laser showing complete eradication of E. coli in 75% of the samples. E. faecalis, a stubborn invader of the root canal, showed minor changes in bacterial count at 1 W. Using the higher setting of 1.5 W, significant reductions of E. coli were again observed with all laser systems, where only the diode and the Er:YAG laser were capable of complete eradication of E. faecalis to a significant extent. There was no significant relation between the temperature increase and the bactericidal effect. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that all the wavelengths investigated are suitable for the disinfection of even the deeper layers of dentin and may prove to constitute valuable tools in state-of-the-art endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schoop
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Street 25a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Schoop U, Moritz A, Kluger W, Patruta S, Goharkhay K, Sperr W, Wernisch J, Gattringer R, Mrass P, Georgopoulos A. The Er:YAG laser in endodontics: results of an in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med 2002; 30:360-4. [PMID: 12116328 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Until recently, the main field of Er:YAG laser application was the removal of dental hard substances within the scope of cavity preparation. Nowadays, several new delivery-systems are available, permitting the application of the Er:YAG laser in endodontics. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation on root canals in vitro. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, 220 extracted human teeth were endodontically processed and subsequently irradiated at different settings using an Er:YAG laser imitating in vivo irradiation procedures. The teeth were then subdivided into three groups and subjected to bacteriological evaluations, scanning electron microscopy, and temperature measurements. RESULTS The bacteriological evaluation revealed a decisive bactericidal effect of the Er:YAG laser in the root canal. The bactericidal effect was dependent on the applied output power and specific for the different species of bacteria investigated. Scanning electron microscopy showed discrete removal of dentine from the root canal walls. The temperature rise during irradiation was moderate when standardized power settings were used. CONCLUSION The investigations indicate that the Er:YAG laser is a suitable tool for the elimination of bacteria in root canals under in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schoop
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Währinger Strasse 25a, Austria.
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Moritz A, Schoop U, Goharkhay K, Jakolitsch S, Kluger W, Wernisch J, Sperr W. The bactericidal effect of Nd:YAG, Ho:YAG, and Er:YAG laser irradiation in the root canal: an in vitro comparison. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LASER MEDICINE & SURGERY 2001; 17:161-4. [PMID: 11199839 DOI: 10.1089/clm.1999.17.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial effectiveness of the Nd:YAG, the Ho:YAG, and the Er:YAG laser in infected root canals. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Lasers are gaining increasing importance in the field of endodontics. Numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of laser treatment in disinfecting root canals. METHODS In our in vitro experimental setup, 40 extracted and endodontically treated teeth were inoculated with a suspension of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis and then irradiated at standardized power settings. The disinfecting efficacy of each laser was proved by classical microbiological examination. RESULTS This article highlights that all three lasers substantially decreased the bacterial population with only minimal differences in their microbicidal efficacy. At 1.5 W, the best results were obtained by the Er:YAG laser achieving a mean bacterial elimination of 99.64%, followed by the Nd:YAG laser (99.16%), and the Ho:YAG laser (99.05%). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that all three lasers act as strongly effective microbicides without causing unfavorable temperature rises at the settings used. They can thus be considered a valuable tool for root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School of the University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 25a, Vienna, Austria
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