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Khanna S, Sarin A, Mishra AK, Bhagat JK, Kumari A, Gosai H. Influence of the Type of Topical Fluoride Delivery at Various Restoration Time Points on the Micro-Shear Bond Strength of a Resin-Based Composite on Bleached Tooth Enamel. Cureus 2022; 14:e25811. [PMID: 35822133 PMCID: PMC9271216 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the micro-shear bond strength (mSBS) of an adhesive applied to bleached enamel to determine the effects of fluoride supply and restoration time on the mSBS. Methodology In this study, we bleached 130 samples of enamel and split them into the following three groups of 40 each: group MI: McInnes bleaching solution; group MIF: McInnes bleaching solution + topical acidulated phosphate fluoride gel; group FMI: 2% fluoridated McInnes bleaching solution. Non-bleaching or fluoridation was performed on a group of 10. Subgroups were created for each group (except for the control) to be restored for seven, 14, or 21 days. The mSBS test was performed on a universal testing machine after Tygon tubes were filled with composite resin and put on enamel surfaces. Tukey’s post-hoc test (p = 0.05) and two-way analysis of variance were employed to analyze the data. Results The mSBS values obtained for all groups immediately and after seven days were lower, while at 14 and 21 days were similar to the control group. According to the data, group FMI had greater mSBS levels than groups MI and MIF, both immediately and seven days later. Conclusions When in-office bleaching was employed, only the fluoride McInnes solution was successful in quickly correcting the adverse effects of low mSBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Khanna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Jamanagar, IND
| | - Aditi Sarin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dentcraft Dental Clinic, Noida, IND
| | - Amit Kumar Mishra
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, IND
| | - Jaimesh Kumar Bhagat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, IND
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, IND
| | - Hasmukh Gosai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Siddhpur Dental College and Hospital, Gandhinagar, IND
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Thangavelu L, Veeraragavan GR, Mallineni SK, Devaraj E, Parameswari RP, Syed NH, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Balusamy SR, Bhawal UK. Role of Nanoparticles in Environmental Remediation: An Insight into Heavy Metal Pollution from Dentistry. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:1946724. [PMID: 35340422 PMCID: PMC8947893 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1946724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental damage is without a doubt one of the most serious issues confronting society today. As dental professionals, we must recognize that some of the procedures and techniques we have been using may pose environmental risks. The usage and discharge of heavy metals from dental set-ups pollute the environment and pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. Due to the exclusive properties of nanosized particles, nanotechnology is a booming field that is being extensively studied for the remediation of pollutants. Given that the nanoparticles have a high surface area to volume ratio and significantly greater reactivity, they have been greatly considered for environmental remediation. This review aims at identifying the heavy metal sources and their environmental impact in dentistry and provides insights into the usage of nanoparticles in environmental remediation. Although the literature on various functions of inorganic nanoparticles in environmental remediation was reviewed, the research is still confined to laboratory set-ups and there is a need for more studies on the usage of nanoparticles in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Mandy Dental College, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Geetha Royapuram Veeraragavan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India
| | - Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Almajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezhilarasan Devaraj
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Royapuram Parthasarathy Parameswari
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Nazmul Huda Syed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, George Town 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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Vashishta V, Kaul R, Singh A, Kapoor S, Grover S, Singhal M. Evaluation of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets using different bonding agents – An in vivo study. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.25259/apos_8_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to assess the white spot lesions around orthodontic bracket macroscopically using two different bonding agents – one with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) (Aegis Ortho) and one without ACP (Transbond XT).
Materials and Methods:
The study comprises 10 patients from 14 to 23 years of age. Patients were divided into control and study groups. Forty premolar teeth were then observed (20 teeth in each group). Bonding procedure was done and brackets were positioned on all four 1st pre-molars teeth and pre-treatment photographs were taken. The experimental material used was Aegis Ortho composite (study group) and Transbond XT (control group). Debonding procedure (by Wing deformation technique) was performed after 16 weeks which led to adhesive fracture at composite resin adhesive bracket interface leaving essentially all adhesive on the enamel. Then, follow-up photographs were taken to evaluate each.
Results:
Aegis Ortho containing ACP used for bonding purpose, provided lesser enamel demineralization than Transbond XT.
Conclusion:
Aegis Ortho for orthodontic bonding is significantly more beneficial and reliable, however, further investigations are also required to understand its clinical performance better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Vashishta
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kaul
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Kapoor
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sulabh Grover
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monisha Singhal
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India,
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4
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Surface modification of hydroxyapatite with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dorozhkin SV. Synthetic amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs): preparation, structure, properties, and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7748-7798. [PMID: 34755730 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs) represent a metastable amorphous state of other calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) possessing variable compositional but rather identical glass-like physical properties, in which there are neither translational nor orientational long-range orders of the atomic positions. In nature, ACPs of a biological origin are found in the calcified tissues of mammals, some parts of primitive organisms, as well as in the mammalian milk. Manmade ACPs can be synthesized in a laboratory by various methods including wet-chemical precipitation, in which they are the first solid phases, precipitated after a rapid mixing of aqueous solutions containing dissolved ions of Ca2+ and PO43- in sufficient amounts. Due to the amorphous nature, all types of synthetic ACPs appear to be thermodynamically unstable and, unless stored in dry conditions or doped by stabilizers, they tend to transform spontaneously to crystalline CaPO4, mainly to ones with an apatitic structure. This intrinsic metastability of the ACPs is of a great biological relevance. In particular, the initiating role that metastable ACPs play in matrix vesicle biomineralization raises their importance from a mere laboratory curiosity to that of a reasonable key intermediate in skeletal calcifications. In addition, synthetic ACPs appear to be very promising biomaterials both for manufacturing artificial bone grafts and for dental applications. In this review, the current knowledge on the occurrence, structural design, chemical composition, preparation, properties, and biomedical applications of the synthetic ACPs have been summarized.
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Liang K, Gao Y, Tao S, Weir MD, Zhou C, Li J, Xu HHK. Dentin remineralization in acidic solution without initial calcium phosphate ions via poly(amido amine) and calcium phosphate nanocomposites after fluid challenges. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1517-1530. [PMID: 34392408 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A previous study showed that the combination of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) and rechargeable composites with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) induced dentin remineralization in an acidic solution with no initial calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions, mimicking the oral condition of individuals with dry mouths. However, the frequent fluid challenge in the oral cavity may decrease the remineralization capacity. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the remineralization efficacy on dentin in an acid solution via PAMAM + NACP after fluid challenges for the first time. METHODS The NACP nanocomposite was stored in a pH 4 solution for 77 days to exhaust its Ca and P ions and then recharged. Demineralized dentin samples were divided into four groups: (1) control dentin, (2) dentin coated with PAMAM, (3) dentin with recharged NACP composite, and (4) dentin with PAMAM + recharged NACP. PAMAM-coated dentin was shaken in phosphate-buffered saline for 77 days to desorb PAMAM from dentin. Samples were treated in pH 4 lactic acid with no initial Ca and P ions for 42 days. RESULTS After 77 days of fluid challenge, PAMAM failed to prevent dentin demineralization in lactic acid. The recharged NACP nanocomposite raised the pH to above 6.5 and re-released more than 6.0 and 4.0 mmol/L Ca and P ions daily, respectively, which inhibited further demineralization. In contrast, the PAMAM + NACP combined method induced great dentin remineralization and restored the dentin microhardness to 0.54 ± 0.04 GPa, which approached that of sound dentin (P = 0.426, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The PAMAM + NACP combination achieved dentin remineralization in an acid solution with no initial Ca and P ions, even after severe fluid challenges. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The novel PAMAM + NACP has a strong and sustained remineralization capability to inhibit secondary caries, even for individuals with dry mouths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Bhadila G, Filemban H, Wang X, Melo MAS, Arola DD, Tay FR, Oates TW, Weir MD, Sun J, Xu HH. Bioactive low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite suppresses S. mutans biofilm and preserves tooth dentin hardness. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:146-157. [PMID: 32771591 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent dental caries is one of the main reasons for resin composite restoration failures. This study aimed to: (1) develop a bioactive, low-shrinkage-stress, antibacterial and remineralizing composite and evaluate the sustainability of its antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms; and (2) evaluate the remineralization and cariostatic potential of the composite containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), using dentin hardness measurement and a biofilm-induced recurrent caries model. The antibacterial and remineralizing low-shrinkage-stress composite consisted of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE), 3% DMAHDM and 20% NACP. S. mutans biofilm was used to evaluate antibiofilm activity, before and after 3 months of composite aging in acidic solution. Human dentin was used to develop a recurrent caries biofilm-model. Adding DMAHDM and NACP into low shrinkage-stress composite did not compromise the flexural strength. The low-shrinkage-stress composite with DMAHDM achieved substantial reductions in biofilm colony-forming units (CFU), lactic acid production, and biofilm biomass (p < 0.05). The low-shrinkage-stress DMAHDM+NACP composite exhibited no significant difference in antibacterial performance before and after 3 months of aging, demonstrating long-term antibacterial activity. Under S. mutans biofilm acidic attack, dentin hardness (GPa) was 0.24 ± 0.04 for commercial control, and 0.23 ± 0.03 for experimental control, but significantly higher at 0.34 ± 0.03 for DMAHDM+NACP group (p < 0.05). At an instrumental compliance of 0.33 μm/N, the polymerization shrinkage stress of the new composite was 36% lower than that of a traditional composite (p < 0.05). The triple strategy of antibacterial, remineralization and lower shrinkage-stress has great potential to inhibit recurrent caries and increase restoration longevity. Statement of Significance Polymerization shrinkage stress, masticatory load over time as well as biochemical degradation can lead to marginal failure and secondary caries. The present study developed a new low-shrinkage-stress, antibacterial and remineralizing dental nanocomposite. Polymerization shrinkage stress was greatly reduced, biofilm acid production was inhibited, and tooth dentin mineral and hardness were preserved. The antibacterial composite possessed a long-lasting antibiofilm effect against cariogenic bacteria S. mutans. The new bioactive nanocomposite has the potential to suppress recurrent caries at the restoration margins, protects tooth structures, and increases restoration longevity.
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Zhou W, Peng X, Zhou X, Bonavente A, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Imazato S, Oates TW, Cheng L, Xu HHK. Novel Nanocomposite Inhibiting Caries at the Enamel Restoration Margins in an In Vitro Saliva-Derived Biofilm Secondary Caries Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176369. [PMID: 32887330 PMCID: PMC7503730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary caries often occurs at the tooth-composite margins. This study developed a novel bioactive composite containing DMAHDM (dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate) and NACP (nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate), inhibiting caries at the enamel restoration margins in an in vitro saliva-derived biofilm secondary caries model for the first time. Four composites were tested: (1) Heliomolar nanocomposite, (2) 0% DMAHDM + 0% NACP, (3) 3% DMAHDM + 0% NACP, (D) 3% DMAHDM + 30% NACP. Saliva-derived biofilms were tested for antibacterial effects of the composites. Bovine enamel restorations were cultured with biofilms, Ca and P ion release of nanocomposite and enamel hardness at the enamel restoration margins was measured. Incorporation of DMAHDM and NACP into composite did not affect the mechanical properties (p > 0.05). The biofilms’ CFU (colony-forming units) were reduced by 2 logs via DMAHDM (p < 0.05). Ca and P ion release of the nanocomposite was increased at cariogenic low pH. Enamel hardness at the margins for DMAHDM group was 25% higher than control (p < 0.05). With DMAHDM + NACP, the enamel hardness was the greatest and about 50% higher than control (p < 0.05). Therefore, the novel composite containing DMAHDM and NACP was strongly antibacterial and inhibited enamel demineralization, resulting in enamel hardness at the margins under biofilms that approached the hardness of healthy enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.Z.); (X.P.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.Z.); (X.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.Z.); (X.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Andrea Bonavente
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Mary Anne S. Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.Z.); (X.P.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.H.K.X.)
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.B.); (M.D.W.); (M.A.S.M.); (T.W.O.)
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.H.K.X.)
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Development of brushite particles synthesized in the presence of acidic monomers for dental applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111178. [PMID: 32806326 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize and characterize brushite particles in the presence of acidic monomers (acrylic acid/AA, citric acid/CA, and methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate/MOEP) and evaluate the effect of these particles on degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength/modulus (FS/FM) and ion release of experimental composites. METHODS Particles were synthesized by co-precipitation with monomers added to the phosphate precursor solution and characterized for monomer content, size and morphology. Composites containing 20 vol% brushite and 40 vol% reinforcing glass were tested for DC, FS and FM (after 24 h and 60 d in water), and 60-day ion release. Data were subjected to ANOVA/Tukey tests (DC) or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (FS and FM, alpha: 5%). RESULTS The presence of acidic monomers affected particle morphology. Monomer content on the particles was low (0.1-1.4% by mass). Composites presented similar DC. For FS/24 h, only the composite containing DCPD_AA was statistically similar to the composite containing 60 vol% of reinforcing glass (without brushite, "control"). After 60 days, all brushite-containing materials showed similar FS, statistically lower than the control composite (p<0.01). Composites containing DCPD_AA, DCPD_MOEP or DCPD_U ("unmodified") showed statistically similar FM/24 h, higher than the control composite. After prolonged immersion, all composites were similar to the control composite, except DCPD_AA. Cumulative ion release ranged from 21 ppm to 28 ppm (calcium) and 9 ppm to 17 ppm (phosphate). Statistically significant reductions in ion release between 15 and 60 days were detected only for the composite containing DCPD_MOEP. SIGNIFICANCE Acidic monomers added to the synthesis affected brushite particle morphology. After 60-day storage in water, composite strength was similar among all brushite-containing composites. Ion release was sustained for 60 days and it was not affected by particle morphology.
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Vilela HS, Campos AL, Cabral C, Chiari MD, Vieira DN, Braga RR. Effect of calcium orthophosphate: Reinforcing glass ratio and prolonged water storage on flexural properties of remineralizing composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kelly JR. Future of dental biomaterials: Gazing into Bob's crystal ball. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 125:1-7. [PMID: 32111394 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In February 2019, the American Prosthodontics Society asked me to "ponder" the future of dental biomaterials. This talk was titled, "Gazing Into Bob's Crystal Ball". My basic approach was guided by the words of Confucius, "Study the past if you would define the future." As I have often studied and lectured on how many of our important materials got into dentistry, it was a natural assignment. In this article, I review how key materials came to be used in dental practice and organize these "sources" into an extended classification, assuming future materials will likely derive from one of these. Then, I identify important examples in each category and then expound on likely future developments, some already in progress. These include increasing the use of and benefiting from automated systems; better engineering with existing materials by means of failure analysis (from clinically retrieved specimens); iterative improvements in materials and practices, again based on observations from clinical behavior; the use of scaffolds for both hard- and soft-tissue repair; and the development of "smart" materials. I hope this contribution survives the test of time. Please note that, importantly, this list includes not just materials but often-overlooked steps in processing that will affect their properties and clinical durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert Kelly
- Professor, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Conn.
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12
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Imazato S, Kohno T, Tsuboi R, Thongthai P, Xu HH, Kitagawa H. Cutting-edge filler technologies to release bio-active components for restorative and preventive dentistry. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:69-79. [PMID: 31932551 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in materials used for restorative and preventive treatment is being directed toward "bio-active" functionality. Incorporation of filler particles that release active components is a popular method to create bio-active materials, and many approaches are available to develop fillers with the ability to release components that provide "bio-protective" or "bio-promoting" properties; e.g. metal/calcium phosphate nanoparticles, multiple ion-releasing glass fillers, and non-biodegradable polymer particles. In this review paper, recent developments in cutting-edge filler technologies to release bio-active components are addressed and summarized according to their usefulness and functions, including control of bacterial infection, tooth strengthening, and promotion of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Tomoki Kohno
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Ririko Tsuboi
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Pasiree Thongthai
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Hockin Hk Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry
| | - Haruaki Kitagawa
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
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Waiyawat J, Kongsema M, Sinthuvanich C, Chienthavorn O, Teanchai C, Akkarachaneeyakorn K. Fabrication of calcium phosphate composite polymer/SLS-stabilized emulsion-based bioactive gels and their application for dentine tubule occlusion. J Oral Biosci 2019; 62:64-71. [PMID: 31857200 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcium phosphate/SLS/P123 composite bioactive gels were prepared to achieve dentine tubule occlusion. METHODS Gels containing calcium phosphate particles were prepared in a water-in-oil microemulsion system with a mixture of triblock copolymer pluronic (P123) as a co-surfactant and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant in cyclohexane. Subsequently, calcium chloride dihydrate and sodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solutions were added in a water phase. Finally, slow evaporation of the oil phase at room temperature was performed to produce a hybrid gel. The obtained gels were investigated for their toxicity by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and applied on human dentine specimens to examine their ability to occlude dentine tubules. RESULTS The size and morphology of the calcium phosphate particles embedded in the gel depended on the concentration of P123 and SLS, which were used as a template for mineral precipitation. The prepared calcium phosphate particles (200-500 nm in diameter) with the maximum polymer and surfactant content exhibited spherical shapes. Further, on reducing their content twice and tenfold yields micro-particles with flower-like shapes. These bioactive gels were able to occlude into dentine tubules after 3 days of application with a plugging rate of 79.22% when using the smallest particles. In addition, calcium phosphate nanorods were transformed into dentine tubules with a maximum depth of 6 μm on increasing the amount of gel. CONCLUSIONS The bioactive gels were effectively used as bioactive fillers to occlude exposed human dentine tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutharat Waiyawat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Mesayamas Kongsema
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chomdao Sinthuvanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Orapin Chienthavorn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chayada Teanchai
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Gelli R, Ridi F, Baglioni P. The importance of being amorphous: calcium and magnesium phosphates in the human body. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 269:219-235. [PMID: 31096075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the relevance of amorphous calcium (and magnesium) phosphates in living organisms. Although crystalline calcium phosphate (CaP)-based materials are known to constitute the major inorganic constituents of human hard tissues, amorphous CaP-based structures, often in combination with magnesium, are frequently employed by Nature to build up components of our body and guarantee their proper functioning. After a brief description of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) formation mechanism and structure, this paper is focused on the stabilization strategies that can be used to enhance the lifetime of the poorly stable amorphous phase. The various locations of our body in which ACP (pure or in combination with Mg2+) can be found (i.e. bone, enamel, small intestine, calciprotein particles and casein micelles) are highlighted, showing how the amorphous nature of ACP is often of paramount importance for the achievement of a specific physiological function. The last section is devoted to ACP-based biomaterials, focusing on how these materials differ from their crystalline counterparts in terms of biological response.
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Abstract
Currently, much has been published related to conventional resin-based composites and adhesives; however, little information is available about bioceramics-based restorative materials. The aim was to structure this topic into its component parts and to highlight the translational research that has been conducted up to the present time. A literature search was done from indexed journals up to September 2017. The main search terms used were based on dental resin-based composites, dental adhesives along with bioactive glass and the calcium phosphate family. The results showed that in 123 articles, amorphous calcium phosphate (39.83%), hydroxyapatite (23.5%), bioactive glass (16.2%), dicalcium phosphate (5.69%), monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (3.25%), and tricalcium phosphate (2.43%) have been used in restorative materials. Moreover, seven studies were found related to a newly developed commercial bioactive composite. The utilization of bioactive materials for tooth restorations can promote remineralization and a durable seal of the tooth-material interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Mariam Raza Syed
- Department of Dental Materials, University of Health Sciences.,Department of Dental Materials, Lahore Medical and Dental College
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Alania Y, Natale LC, Nesadal D, Vilela H, Magalhães AC, Braga RR. In vitro remineralization of artificial enamel caries with resin composites containing calcium phosphate particles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1542-1550. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Alania
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral BiologySchool of Dentistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Livia C. Natale
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral BiologySchool of Dentistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Douglas Nesadal
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral BiologySchool of Dentistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Handially Vilela
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral BiologySchool of Dentistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana C. Magalhães
- Department of Biological SciencesBauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Roberto R. Braga
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral BiologySchool of Dentistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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Braga RR. Calcium phosphates as ion-releasing fillers in restorative resin-based materials. Dent Mater 2018; 35:3-14. [PMID: 30139530 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaP) are the main constituents of the mineral phase in bones and teeth and, along with calcium silicates and bioactive glasses, have been extensively investigated in remineralization of enamel and dentin. When used as ion-releasing fillers in resin-based materials, they could contribute to extend the service life of adhesive restorations, remineralize caries-affected dentin or prevent caries lesions under sealants and orthodontic brackets. However, the development of resin-based bioactive materials is not straightforward because of the several compositional variables involved in ion release. Also, CaP particles do not reinforce the material; therefore, if high mechanical properties are required, the ratio between CaP particles and reinforcing fillers must be observed. Several research groups have investigated how CaP phase, particle size and content, as well as resin matrix formulation affect remineralization, ion release kinetics and mechanical properties of these materials. This review presents an overview of the main findings reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Rodrigues MC, Chiari MD, Alania Y, Natale LC, Arana-Chavez VE, Meier MM, Fadel VS, Vichi FM, Hewer TL, Braga RR. Ion-releasing dental restorative composites containing functionalized brushite nanoparticles for improved mechanical strength. Dent Mater 2018; 34:746-755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bienek DR, Frukhtbeyn SA, Giuseppetti AA, Okeke UC, Skrtic D. Antimicrobial Monomers for Polymeric Dental Restoratives: Cytotoxicity and Physicochemical Properties. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:jfb9010020. [PMID: 29495522 PMCID: PMC5872106 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A trend for the next generation of polymeric dental restoratives is to incorporate multifunctional capabilities to regulate microbial growth and remineralize tooth surfaces. Polymerizable 2-(methacryloyloxy)-N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethylethan-1-aminium bromide (IDMA1) and N,N′-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-diylbis(methylene))bis(2-(methacryloyloxy)-N,N-dimethylethan-1-aminium) bromide (IDMA2), intended for utilization in bi-functional antimicrobial and remineralizing composites, were synthesized, purified with an ethanol-diethyl ether-hexane solvent system, and validated by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. When incorporated into light-curable urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)/polyethylene glycol-extended UDMA (PEG-U)/ethyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate (EHMA) (assigned UPE) resins, IDMAs did not affect the overall resins’ hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity balance (water contact angle: 60.8–65.5°). The attained degrees of vinyl conversion (DVC) were consistently higher in both IDMA-containing copolymers and their amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) composites (up to 5% and 20%, respectively) reaching 92.5% in IDMA2 formulations. Notably, these high DVCs values were attained without an excessive increase in polymerization stress. The observed reduction in biaxial flexure strength of UPE-IDMA ACP composites should not prevent further evaluation of these materials as multifunctional Class V restoratives. In direct contact with human gingival fibroblasts, at biologically relevant concentrations, IDMAs did not adversely affect cell viability or their metabolic activity. Ion release from the composites was indicative of their strong remineralization potential. The above, early-phase biocompatibility and physicochemical tests justify further evaluation of these experimental materials to identify formulation(s) suitable for clinical testing. Successful completion is expected to yield a new class of restoratives with well-controlled bio-function, which will physicochemically, mechanically, and biologically outperform the conventional Class V restoratives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane R Bienek
- Volpe Research Center, ADA Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Drago Skrtic
- Volpe Research Center, ADA Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Utneja S, Talwar S, Nawal RR, Sapra S, Mittal M, Rajain A, Verma M. Evaluation of remineralization potential and mechanical properties of pit and fissure sealants fortified with nano-hydroxyapatite and nano-amorphous calcium phosphate fillers: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21:681-690. [PMID: 30546219 PMCID: PMC6249947 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_31_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was: (i) to formulate pit and fissure sealants (PFS) containing nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) filler; nHAP filler and silica co-filler; nHAP and nano-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (nACP) co-filler, (ii) to evaluate physical properties; degree of conversion (DOC), curing depth (CD) and mechanical properties; microshear bond strength (MBS) of fortified PFS, and (iii) to assess remineralization potential and release of Ca2= and PO4 ions from newly synthesized sealants. Materials and Methods: Four PFS were prepared using monomers with mixture of 35.5 wt % BisGMA, 35.5 wt % triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 28 wt % hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Bioactive nanofillers (nHAP and n-ACP) were added in various concentrations (0%–30%). Three commercial sealants were used as follows: unfilled (Clinpro; 3M ESPE), Fluoride releasing (Delton FS plus, Dentsply), ACP filled (Aegis, Bosworth). The samples (n = 35.5/gp) were tested for MBS, DOC, and CD. Remineralization potential was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The concentrations of Ca2= and PO4 released from the sealant specimens were analyzed with Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer. Data obtained was statistically analyzed (one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test, P < 0.05). Results: 10% hydroxyapatite (HAP) =20% ACP sealant showed significantly higher DOC. A remineralized region on the surface between fissure sealant and tooth enamel was observed by SEM in all three HAP filled bioactive sealants. Decreasing the solution pH significantly increased ion release from sealant filled with 10% nHAP = 20% nACP (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Results suggested that admixture of nHAP and nACP to PFS showed remineralizing capability, without declining their mechanical and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Utneja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Talwar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchika Roongta Nawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Sapra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mona Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Rajain
- Department of Dental Surgery, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Mahesh Verma
- Department of Prosthodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Okulus Z, Voelkel A. Mechanical properties of experimental composites with different calcium phosphates fillers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1101-1108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maas MS, Alania Y, Natale LC, Rodrigues MC, Watts DC, Braga RR. Trends in restorative composites research: what is in the future? Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e55. [PMID: 28902235 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have identified secondary caries and bulk fracture as the main causes for composite restoration failure. As a measure to avoid frequent reinterventions for restoration replacement, composites with some sort of defense mechanism against biofilm formation and demineralization, as well as materials with lower susceptibility to crack propagation are necessary. Also, the restorative procedure with composites are very time-consuming and technically demanding, particularly concerning the application of the adhesive system. Therefore, together with bulk-fill composites, self-adhesive restorative composites could reduce operator error and chairside time. This literature review describes the current stage of development of remineralizing, antibacterial and self-healing composites. Also, an overview of the research on fiber-reinforced composites and self-adhesive composites, both introduced for clinical use in recent years, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Soeiro Maas
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry,Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yvette Alania
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry,Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Camargo Natale
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry,Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Charantola Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry,Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David Christopher Watts
- University of Manchester School of Medical Sciences, Division of Dentistry, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry,Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Natale LC, Alania Y, Rodrigues MC, Simões A, de Souza DN, de Lima E, Arana-Chavez VE, Hewer TL, Hiers R, Esteban-Florez FL, Brito GE, Khajotia S, Braga RR. Synthesis and characterization of silver phosphate/calcium phosphate mixed particles capable of silver nanoparticle formation by photoreduction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:464-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Msallam FA, Grawish MEA, Hafez AM, Abdelnaby YL. Decalcification prevention around orthodontic brackets bonded to bleached enamel using different topical agents. Prog Orthod 2017; 18:15. [PMID: 28580541 PMCID: PMC5466901 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-017-0170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different topical agents utilized for prevention of enamel decalcification around orthodontic brackets bonded to bleached and non-bleached enamel. METHODS Human maxillary premolars (n = 120) were divided into two equal groups. Teeth in group I were left without bleaching while those in group II were bleached with Vivastyle gel. Metal brackets were bonded to all the teeth using light-cured adhesive. Each group was divided into six equal subgroups (A, B, C, D, E, and F). In subgroup A, no material was applied (control). In subgroups B, C, D, E, and F, the following materials were applied respectively: Profluorid varnish, Enamel Pro Varnish, Ortho-Choice Ortho-Coat, GC Tooth Mousse, and GC MI Paste Plus. All teeth were cycled in a demineralization solution/artificial saliva for 15 days. Laser fluorescence was used to measure the level of enamel mineralization. The data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Regarding the non-bleaching subgroups, all studied material revealed significant demineralization reduction in comparison to the control subgroup (P < 0.05). Ortho-Choice Ortho-Coat revealed the highest significant effect while GC Tooth Mousse showed the least effect. In bleached subgroups, Profluorid varnish, Enamel Pro Varnish, and Ortho-Choice Ortho-Coat significantly reduced demineralization (P < 0.05) while either GC MI Paste Plus or GC Tooth Mousse had no significant effects (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ortho-Choice Ortho-Coat, and Profluorid and Enamel Pro varnishes could be utilized successfully to reduce enamel demineralization around brackets bonded to either bleached or non-bleached enamel. GC MI Paste Plus and GC Tooth Mousse were effective only in non-bleached enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferial Ahmed Msallam
- Department of Orthodontics , Faculty of Dentistry, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya. .,Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmad Mohammed Hafez
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Liang K, Zhou H, Weir MD, Bao C, Reynolds MA, Zhou X, Li J, Xu HHK. Poly(amido amine) and calcium phosphate nanocomposite remineralization of dentin in acidic solution without calcium phosphate ions. Dent Mater 2017; 33:818-829. [PMID: 28526130 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with dry mouth often have an acidic oral environment lacking saliva that provides calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions. However, there has been no study on dentin remineralization by placing samples in an acidic solution without Ca and P ions. Previous studies used saliva-like solutions with neutral pH and Ca and P ions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate a novel method of combining poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) with a composite of nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) on dentin remineralization in an acidic solution without Ca and P ions for the first time. METHODS Demineralized dentin specimens were tested into four groups: (1) dentin control, (2) dentin coated with PAMAM, (3) dentin with NACP nanocomposite, (4) dentin with PAMAM plus NACP composite. Specimens were treated with lactic acid at pH 4 without initial Ca and P ions for 21 days. Acid neutralization and Ca and P ion concentrations were measured. Dentin specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and hardness testing vs. remineralization efficacy. RESULTS NACP composite had mechanical properties similar to commercial control composites (p>0.1). NACP composite neutralized acid and released Ca and P ions. PAMAM alone failed to induce dentin remineralization. NACP alone achieved mild remineralization and slightly increased dentin hardness at 21days (p>0.1). In contrast, the PAMAM+NACP nanocomposite method in acid solution without initial Ca and P ions greatly remineralized the pre-demineralized dentin, restoring its hardness to approach that of healthy dentin (p>0.1). SIGNIFICANCE Dentin remineralization via PAMAM+NACP in pH 4 acid without initial Ca and P ions was demonstrated for the first time, when conventional methods such as PAMAM did not work. The novel PAMAM+NACP nanocomposite method is promising to protect tooth structures, especially for patients with reduced saliva to inhibit caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Han Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Eliaz N, Metoki N. Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E334. [PMID: 28772697 PMCID: PMC5506916 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are widely used in the field of bone regeneration, both in orthopedics and in dentistry, due to their good biocompatibility, osseointegration and osteoconduction. The aim of this article is to review the history, structure, properties and clinical applications of these materials, whether they are in the form of bone cements, paste, scaffolds, or coatings. Major analytical techniques for characterization of CaPs, in vitro and in vivo tests, and the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and international standards from CaP coatings on orthopedic and dental endosseous implants, are also summarized, along with the possible effect of sterilization on these materials. CaP coating technologies are summarized, with a focus on electrochemical processes. Theories on the formation of transient precursor phases in biomineralization, the dissolution and reprecipitation as bone of CaPs are discussed. A wide variety of CaPs are presented, from the individual phases to nano-CaP, biphasic and triphasic CaP formulations, composite CaP coatings and cements, functionally graded materials (FGMs), and antibacterial CaPs. We conclude by foreseeing the future of CaPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Eliaz
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Noah Metoki
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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Marović D, Šariri K, Demoli N, Ristić M, Hiller KA, Škrtić D, Rosentritt M, Schmalz G, Tarle Z. Remineralizing amorphous calcium phosphate based composite resins: the influence of inert fillers on monomer conversion, polymerization shrinkage, and microhardness. Croat Med J 2017; 57:465-473. [PMID: 27815937 PMCID: PMC5141456 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2016.57.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine if the addition of inert fillers to a bioactive dental restorative composite material affects its degree of conversion (DC), polymerization shrinkage (PS), and microhardness (HV). Methods Three amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-based composite resins: without added fillers (0-ACP), with 10% of barium-glass fillers (Ba-ACP), and with 10% of silica fillers (Si-ACP), as well as commercial control (Ceram•X, Dentsply DeTrey) were tested in laboratory conditions. The amount of ACP (40%) and the composition of the resin mixture (based on ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate) was the same for all ACP materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the DC (n = 40), 20 min and 72 h after polymerization. Linear PS and Vickers microhardness (n = 40) were also evaluated. The results were analyzed by paired samples t test, ANOVA, and one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls or Tukey’s post-hoc test (P = 0.05). Results The addition of barium fillers significantly increased the DC (20 min) (75.84 ± 0.62%) in comparison to 0-ACP (73.92 ± 3.08%), but the addition of silica fillers lowered the DC (71.00 ± 0.57%). Ceram•X had the lowest DC (54.93 ± 1.00%) and linear PS (1.01 ± 0.24%) but the highest HV (20.73 ± 2.09). PS was significantly reduced (P < 0.010) in both Ba-ACP (1.13 ± 0.25%) and Si-ACP (1.17 ± 0.19%) compared to 0-ACP (1.43 ± 0.21%). HV was significantly higher in Si-ACP (12.82 ± 1.30) than in 0-ACP (10.54 ± 0.86) and Ba-ACP (10.75 ± 0.62) (P < 0.010). Conclusion Incorporation of inert fillers to bioactive remineralizing composites enhanced their physical-mechanical performance in laboratory conditions. Both added fillers reduced the PS while maintaining high levels of the DC. Silica fillers additionally moderately improved the HV of ACP composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Marović
- Danijela Marović, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia,
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Rodrigues MC, Xavier TA, Arana-Chavez VE, Braga RR. Polymer-based material containing calcium phosphate particles functionalized with a dimethacrylate monomer for use in restorative dentistry. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:871-877. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328216680116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate particles functionalized with triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate were synthesized and added to a photocurable mixture of bisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate with the purpose of developing a resin composite capable of releasing calcium and phosphate ions to foster dental remineralization. Particle functionalization would minimize the deleterious effect of adding low cohesive strength nano-structured particles with no chemical interaction with the organic matrix on the material’s mechanical properties. The results showed that calcium release over 28 days was not impaired by particle functionalization. A statistically significant 32% increase in strength was recorded with the use of functionalized dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in comparison to the material containing non-functionalized particles. However, the strength of the unfilled resin was not matched by the composite with functionalized particles. Elastic modulus increased with particle incorporation, regardless of functionalization. Degree of conversion and optical properties (total transmittance and color change/ΔE) of the resin-based materials were not affected by the addition of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate particles (functionalized or not).
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Influence of bioactive particles on the chemical-mechanical properties of experimental enamel resin infiltrants. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:2143-2151. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Calcium release from experimental dental materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:213-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Liang K, Weir MD, Xie X, Wang L, Reynolds MA, Li J, Xu HHK. Dentin remineralization in acid challenge environment via PAMAM and calcium phosphate composite. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1429-1440. [PMID: 27665621 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of poly (amido amine) (PAMAM), composite with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and the combined PAMAM+NACP nanocomposite treatment, on remineralization of demineralized dentin in a cyclic artificial saliva/lactic acid environment for the first time. METHODS Dentin specimens were prepared and demineralized with 37% phosphoric acid for 15s. Four groups were prepared: (1) dentin control, (2) dentin coated with PAMAM, (3) dentin with NACP composite, (4) dentin with PAMAM+NACP. Specimens were treated with a cyclic artificial saliva/lactic acid regimen for 21days. Acid neutralization and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion concentrations were measured. The remineralized dentin specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hardness testing. RESULTS NACP nanocomposite had mechanical properties similar to commercial control composites (p>0.1). NACP composite had acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release capability. PAMAM or NACP composite each alone achieved remineralization and increased the hardness of demineralized dentin (p<0.05). PAMAM+NACP nanocomposite achieved the greatest mineral regeneration in demineralized dentin and the greatest hardness increase in demineralized dentin, which approached the hardness of healthy dentin (p>0.1). SIGNIFICANCE The superior remineralization efficacy of PAMAM+NACP was demonstrated for the first time. PAMAM+NACP induced remineralization in demineralized dentin in an acid challenge environment, when conventional remineralization methods such as PAMAM did not work well. The novel PAMAM+NACP composite approach is promising for a wide range of dental applications to inhibit caries and protect tooth structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Alania Y, Chiari MDS, Rodrigues MC, Arana-Chavez VE, Bressiani AHA, Vichi FM, Braga RR. Bioactive composites containing TEGDMA-functionalized calcium phosphate particles: Degree of conversion, fracture strength and ion release evaluation. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e374-e381. [PMID: 27665147 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the strength and ion release of experimental composites containing TEGDMA-functionalized calcium phosphate particles. METHODS Seven composites containing equal parts (in mols) of BisGMA and TEGDMA and 60vol% of fillers were manipulated. Filler phase was constituted by silanized barium glass and 0% (control), 10% or 20% (volume) of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DPCD) particles, either non-functionalized or functionalized with two different TEDGMA contents. DCPD particles were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, surface area and dynamic light scattering. Composites were tested for degree of conversion (DC) by near-FTIR. Biaxial flexural strength (BFS) was determined after 24h and 28days in water. Calcium and phosphate release after 7days was assessed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (alpha:5%). RESULTS XRD confirmed the crystalline structure corresponding to DCPD. Elemental analysis revealed particles with zero, 14% or 22% TEGDMA, with similar D50 (around 19μm) and surface areas from 3.5 to 11.4m2/g. The presence of DCPD did not reduce DC. After 24h, functionalization (both 14% and 22% TEGDMA) improved composite strength in comparison to non-functionalized DCPD, both at 10% and 20% levels. After 28days, BFS of materials containing 10% functionalized DCPD were statistically similar to the control containing only barium glass. Among composites containing 10% DCPD, particle functionalization with 14% TEGDMA did not jeopardize ion release. SIGNIFICANCE At 10vol%, the use of TEGDMA-functionalized CaP particles improved composite strength in relation to non-functionalized particles, while maintaining similar ion release levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Alania
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marina D S Chiari
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcela C Rodrigues
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Victor E Arana-Chavez
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena A Bressiani
- Materials Science and Technology Center, Energy and Nuclear Research Institute, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Flavio M Vichi
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto R Braga
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Antonucci JM, Skrtic D. Matrix Resin Effects on Selected Physicochemical Properties of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Composites. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911505050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-filled bioactive composites show promise in a number of dental applications. This study focused on polymer-filler bonding as a way to improve physicochemical properties of these composites. Photoactivated resins were formulated from ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methacryloxyethyl phthalate (MEP) with four different EBPADMA/TEGDMA mass ratios (1.0, 0.67, 0.5 and 0.25) and a constant HEMA/MEP mass ratio of 2.0. Composites were prepared with the zirconia-ACP (mass fraction 40%). Composites and copolymers were evaluated for their biaxial flexure strength (BFS), degree of vinyl conversion (DC) and water sorption (WS). Composites were also assessed for mineral ion release and polymerization shrinkage (PS). Independent of resin composition, the average BFS was 130±24MPa for both the dry and aqueous-immersed copolymers, but was 70±11MPa for the dry composites and 47±7MPa for the wet composites. The average DC of all of the composites was 84±5% and showed little dependence on resin composition. The WS of both copolymers and composites was 3.2±0.6% with resin composition being a factor in only one formulation EBPADMA/TEGDMA 0.67. Overall ion release was significantly above the theoretical minimum necessary for remineralization. However, Ca ion levels were lower than that observed previously for similar composites based on resins without MEP. This is most likely due to their binding with the carboxylic acid groups of MEP. Since the DC of the copolymers and the PS of the composites both increased with decreasing EBPADMA/TEGDMA ratio in the resin, elevating the EBPADMA/TEGDMA ratio in the resin seems to be an obvious way to improve the PS of composites without adversely affecting the BFS, WS and/or ion release, while only marginally reducing the DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Antonucci
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - D. Skrtic
- Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA,
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Simon CG, Antonucci JM, Liu DW, Skrtic D. In vitro Cytotoxicity of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Composites. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911505051854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate-based biomaterials are being increasingly used as bone substitutes in dentistry and in reconstructive and orthopedic applications because of their good biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and/or bone-bonding properties. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) filler, the copolymer matrix derived from the polymerization of a resin system and the corresponding ACP composite was analyzed utilizing cell culture techniques. The photo cured polymer was derived from an activated resin comprised of an ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The resin was admixed with a zirconia-ACP filler to prepare the composite. Specimens were extracted in media overnight and then MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were cultured in the extracts for 3 days. Cytoxicity was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy and an enzymatic assay for mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (Wst-1). Cellular response to the experimental ACP composite was compared to the cellular response of commercially available light-cure orthodontic adhesive. In addition to the cytotoxicity testing the ion release profiles of ACP composites was determined. Furthermore, a degree of vinyl conversion (DVC) attained in the experimental composite and in the commercial control was compared. No adverse response regarding cell morphology and/or viability was observed with ACP composites compared to the unfilled copolymers or to the commercial adhesives. Sustained release of potentially remineralizing calcium and phosphate ions and favorable DVC of these composites confirms their value in a variety of dental and possibly orthopedic applications where anti-demineralizing/remineralizing efficacy is the primary goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Simon
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - J. M. Antonucci
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - D. W. Liu
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - D. Skrtic
- Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA,
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Zawaideh FI, Owais AI, Kawaja W. Ability of Pit and Fissure Sealant-containing Amorphous Calcium Phosphate to inhibit Enamel Demineralization. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016; 9:10-4. [PMID: 27274148 PMCID: PMC4890055 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effect of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-containing pit and fissure sealant on inhibition of enamel demineralization in vitro. Materials and methods: Enamel specimens (n = 75) were prepared using freshly extracted noncarious human third molars. Box-shaped cavities (8 × 2 × 2 mm) on the buccal or lingual surfaces were prepared and restored with resin-based sealant (Concise™), ACP-containing sealant (Aegis®) or fluoride-containing sealant (Conseal-F™). The samples were acid challenged in a demineralizing solution of 50 mmol/l lactic acid at pH 5.0 for 4 days. The change in enamel microhardness (ASuH) was calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: The mean SuH0 (±SD) (in Vicker’s unit) prior to the acid challenge was: Concise™ (318.83 ± 33.86), Aegis® (331.03 ± 21.52), Conseal-F™ (310.12 ± 34.31). Following the acid challenge, the values dropped in all groups and ASuH (±SD) values were 269.17 ± 47.49, 151.39 ± 23.96 and 175.79 ± 32.39 respectively. Conclusion: The ACP-containing pit and fissure sealant has the potential to inhibit enamel demineralization. How to cite this article: Zawaideh FI, Owais AI, Kawaja W. Ability of pit and fissure sealant-containing amorphous calcium phosphate to inhibit enamel demineralization. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(1):10-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feda I Zawaideh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Arwa I Owais
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wasan Kawaja
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Kerr JE, Arndt GD, Byerly DL, Rubinovitz R, Theriot CA, Stangel I. FT-Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Remineralization of Microwave-Exposed Artificial Caries. J Dent Res 2015; 95:342-8. [PMID: 26647390 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515619370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a microbially mediated disease that can result in significant tooth structure degradation. Although the preponderance of lesions is treated by surgical intervention, various strategies have been developed for its noninvasive management. Here, we use a novel approach for noninvasive treatment based on killing Streptococcus mutans with high-frequency microwave energy (ME). The rationale for this approach is based on modulating the pH of caries to a physiological state to enable spontaneous tooth remineralization from exogenous sources. In the present study, after demonstrating that ME kills >99% of S. mutans in planktonic cultures, 8 enamel slabs were harvested from a single tooth. Baseline mineral concentration at each of 12 points per slab was obtained using Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy. Surface demineralization was subsequently promoted by subjecting all samples to an S. mutans acidic biofilm for 6 d. Half of the samples were then exposed to high-frequency ME, and the other half were used as controls. All samples were next subjected to a remineralization protocol consisting of two 45-min exposures per 24-h period in tryptic soy broth followed by immersion in a remineralizing solution for the remaining period. After 10 d, samples were removed and cleaned. FT-Raman spectra were again obtained at the same 12 points per sample, and the mineral concentration was determined. The effect of the remineralization protocol on the demineralized slabs was expressed as a percentage of mineral loss or gain relative to baseline. The mineral concentration of the microwave-exposed group collectively approached 100% of baseline values, while that of the control group was in the order of 40%. Differences between groups were significant (P = 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). We concluded that killing of S. mutans by ME promotes effective remineralization of S. mutans-demineralized enamel compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Kerr
- Department of Biology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G D Arndt
- Biomedical Engineering for Exploration Space Technology Laboratory, Engineering Laboratory, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX, USA
| | - D L Byerly
- Biomedical Engineering for Exploration Space Technology Laboratory, Engineering Laboratory, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - C A Theriot
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Paschos E, Geiger FJ, Malyk Y, Rudzki I, Wichelhaus A, Ilie N. Efficacy of four preventive measures against enamel demineralization at the bracket periphery—comparison of microhardness and confocal laser microscopy analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1355-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Effect of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate mass fraction on fracture toughness and antibacterial properties of CaP nanocomposite. J Dent 2015; 43:1539-46. [PMID: 26404407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biofilm acids contribute to secondary caries which is a reason for restoration failure. Previous studies synthesized nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM). The objectives of this study were to develop DMAHMD-NACP nanocomposite for double benefits of antibacterial and remineralization capabilities, and investigate the DMAHMD mass fraction effects on fracture toughness and biofilm response of NACP nanocomposite for the first time. METHODS DMAHDM was incorporated into NACP nanocomposite at mass fractions of 0% (control), 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25% and 3%. A single edge V-notched beam method was used to measure fracture toughness K(IC). A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model using human saliva as inoculum was used to measure the antibacterial properties of composites. RESULTS K(IC) was about 1 MPa×m(1/2) for all composite (mean±sd; n=6). Adding DMAHDM from 0% to 3% did not affect K(IC) (p>0.1). Lactic acid production by biofilms on composite containing 3% DMAHDM was reduced to less than 1% of that on composite control. Metabolic activity of adherent biofilms on composite containing 3% DMAHDM was reduced to 4% of that on composite control. Biofilm colony-forming unit (CFU) counts were reduced by three orders of magnitude on NACP nanocomposite containing 3% DMAHDM. CONCLUSIONS DMAHDM-NACP nanocomposite had good fracture resistance, strong antibacterial potency, and NACP for remineralization (shown in previous studies). The DMAHDM-NACP nanocomposite may be promising for caries-inhibiting dental restorations, and the method of using double agents (DMAHDM and NACP) may have a wide applicability to other dental materials including bonding agents and cements.
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Mechanical properties and ion release from bioactive restorative composites containing glass fillers and calcium phosphate nano-structured particles. Dent Mater 2015; 31:726-33. [PMID: 25892604 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the replacement of barium glass by dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) particles on the mechanical properties and degree of conversion (DC) of composites. Additionally, calcium and hydrogen phosphate (HPO4(2-)) release were followed for 28 days. METHODS Nine composites containing equal parts (in mols) of BisGMA and TEGDMA and 40, 50 or 60 vol% of total filler were manipulated. Filler phase was constituted by silanated barium glass and 0%, 10% or 20% of DCPD particles. DC was determined by near-FTIR. Biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and modulus (E) were tested using the "piston on three balls" method, while fracture toughness (KIc) used the "single edge notched beam" method. Specimens were tested after 24h and 28 days in water. Ion release was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey (DC and ion release) or Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney (mechanical properties; alpha: 5%). RESULTS DC was not affected by DCPD. The presence of DCPD reduced BFS for both storage times, while differences in E became evident after 28 days. After 24h, KIc increased with the addition of DCPD; after 28 days, however, KIc decreased only for DCPD-containing composites. Calcium release was similar for both DCPD contents and remained fairly constant during the 28-day period. Overall, HPO4(2-) release was higher at 7 days and did not decrease after 14 days. SIGNIFICANCE The composite with the highest filler level and 10% DCPD represented the best compromise between mechanical properties after aging in water and ion release.
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Rodrigues MC, Natale LC, Arana-Chaves VE, Braga RR. Calcium and phosphate release from resin-based materials containing different calcium orthophosphate nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 103:1670-8. [PMID: 25611488 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study compared ion release from resin-based materials containing calcium orthophosphates. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and surface area (nitrogen adsorption isotherms, BET method). Nanoparticles were added to a dimethacrylate-based resin and materials were tested for degree of conversion (DC) and calcium/phosphate release up to 28 days under pH 5.5 and 7.0. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (alpha: 0.05).The crystallinity of DCPA, DCPD, and β-TCP were confirmed, as well as the ACP amorphous nature. DCPD and β-TCP presented larger agglomerates than DCPA and ACP. The surface area of ACP was 5-11 times higher than those of the other nanoparticles. Materials showed similar DC. The material containing ACP released significantly more ions than the others, which released similar amounts of calcium and, in most cases, phosphate. Ion release was not affected by pH. Calcium release decreased between 7 and 21 days, while phosphate levels remained constant after 14 days. In conclusion, ACP higher ion release can be ascribed to its high surface area. DCPA, DCPD, and β-TCP had similar performances as ion-releasing fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C Rodrigues
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia C Natale
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor E Arana-Chaves
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto R Braga
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Arslan S, Zorba YO, Atalay MA, Özcan S, Demirbuga S, Pala K, Percin D, Ozer F. Effect of resin infiltration on enamel surface properties and Streptococcus mutans adhesion to artificial enamel lesions. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:25-30. [PMID: 25748455 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of resin infiltration and sealant type on enamel surface properties and Streptococcus mutans adhesion to artificial enamel lesions. Artificial enamel lesions were produced on the surfaces of 120 enamel specimens, which were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B (n=60 per group). Each group was further divided into four subgroups (n=15 per subgroup) according to sealant type: Group I-Demineralized enamel (control); Group II-Enamel Pro Varnish; Group III-ExciTE F; and Group IV-Icon. In Group A, hardness and surface roughness were evaluated; in Group B, bacterial adhesion was evaluated. Icon application resulted in significantly lower surface roughness and higher hardness than the other subgroups in Group A. In Group B, Enamel Pro Varnish resulted in lowest bacterial adhesion, followed by Icon. This study showed that resin infiltration of enamel lesions could arrest lesion progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soley Arslan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Erciyes
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Chen WC, Chang KC, Wu HY, Ko CL, Huang CL. Thermal cycling effect of dicalcium phosphate-reinforced composites on auto-mineralized dental resin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 45:359-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Delben ACB, Cannon M, Vieira AEM, Basso MD, Danelon M, Santo MRE, Stock SR, Xiao X, De Carlo F. Analysis of anticaries potential of pit and fissures sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate using synchrotron microtomography. Oper Dent 2014; 40:218-23. [PMID: 25268042 DOI: 10.2341/13-325-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the anticaries potential of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) by synchrotron microtomography. Bovine enamel blocks (4×4 mm; n=50) were selected through surface hardness (Knoop) analysis. Slabs were obtained through cross-sections taken 1 mm from the border of the enamel. Five indentations, spaced 100 μm apart, were made 300 μm from the border. Ten specimens were prepared for each tested material (Ultraseal XT plus TM, Aegis, Embrace, Vitremer and Experimental Sealant). The materials were randomly attached to the sectioned surfaces of the enamel blocks and fixed with sticky wax. The specimens were submitted to pH cycling. After that, the surface hardness (SH1) was determined, and the blocks were submitted to synchrotron microcomputed tomography analysis to calculate the mineral concentration (ΔgHAp cm(-3)) at different areas of the enamel. The comparison between the SH1 and ΔgHAp cm(-3) showed a correlation for all groups (r=0.840; p<0.001). The fluoride groups presented positive values of ΔgHAp cm(-3), indicating a mineral gain that was observed mainly in the outer part of the enamel. The ACP showed mineral loss in the outer enamel compared with fluoride groups, although it inhibited the demineralization in the deeper areas of enamel. The combination of two remineralizing agents (fluoride and ACP) was highly effective in preventing demineralization.
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Zhang F, Allen AJ, Levine LE, Vaudin MD, Skrtic D, Antonucci JM, Hoffman KM, Giuseppetti AA, Ilavsky J. Structural and dynamical studies of acid-mediated conversion in amorphous-calcium-phosphate based dental composites. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1113-25. [PMID: 25082155 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the complex structural and dynamical conversion process of the amorphous-calcium-phosphate (ACP)-to-apatite transition in ACP based dental composite materials. METHODS Composite disks were prepared using zirconia hybridized ACP fillers (0.4 mass fraction) and photo-activated Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin (0.6 mass fraction). We performed an investigation of the solution-mediated ACP-to-apatite conversion mechanism in controlled acidic aqueous environment with in situ ultra-small angle X-ray scattering based coherent X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray diffraction, as well as other complementary techniques. RESULTS We established that the ACP-to-apatite conversion in ACP composites is a two-step process, owing to the sensitivity to local structural changes provided by coherent X-rays. Initially, ACP undergoes a local microstructural rearrangement without losing its amorphous character. We established the catalytic role of the acid and found the time scale of this rearrangement strongly depends on the pH of the solution, which agrees with previous findings about ACP without the polymer matrix being present. In the second step, ACP is converted to an apatitic form with the crystallinity of the formed crystallites being poor. Separately, we also confirmed that in the regular Zr-modified ACP the rate of ACP conversion to hydroxyapatite is slowed significantly compared to unmodified ACP, which is beneficial for targeted slow release of functional calcium and phosphate ions from dental composite materials. SIGNIFICANCE For the first time, we were able to follow the complete solution-mediated transition process from ACP to apatite in this class of dental composites in a controlled aqueous environment. A two-step process, suggested previously, was conclusively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Andrew J Allen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lyle E Levine
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Mark D Vaudin
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Drago Skrtic
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Joseph M Antonucci
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hoffman
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Anthony A Giuseppetti
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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Marovic D, Tarle Z, Hiller KA, Müller R, Rosentritt M, Skrtic D, Schmalz G. Reinforcement of experimental composite materials based on amorphous calcium phosphate with inert fillers. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1052-60. [PMID: 25015877 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the addition of glass fillers with different sizes and degrees of silanization percentages to remineralizing composite materials based on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). METHODS Four different materials were tested in this study. Three ACP based materials: 0-ACP (40 wt% ACP, 60 wt% resin), Ba-ACP (40 wt% ACP, 50 wt% resin, 10 wt% barium-glass) and Sr-ACP (40 wt% ACP, 50 wt% resin, 10 wt% strontium-glass) were compared to the control material, resin modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC capsule, GC, Japan). The fillers and composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Flexural strength and modulus were determined using a three-point bending test. Calcium and phosphate ion release from ACP based composites was measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. RESULTS The addition of barium-glass fillers (35.4 (29.1-42.1) MPa) (median (25-75%)) had improved the flexural strength in comparison to the 0-ACP (24.8 (20.8-36.9) MPa) and glass ionomer control (33.1 (29.7-36.2) MPa). The admixture of strontium-glass (20.3 (19.5-22.2) MPa) did not have any effect on flexural strength, but significantly improved its flexural modulus (6.4 (4.8-6.9) GPa) in comparison to 0-ACP (3.9 (3.4-4.1) GPa) and Ba-ACP (4.6 (4.2-6.9) GPa). Ion release kinetics was not affected by the addition of inert fillers to the ACP composites. SIGNIFICANCE Incorporation of barium-glass fillers to the composition of ACP composites contributed to the improvement of flexural strength and modulus, with no adverse influence on ion release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Müller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Drago Skrtic
- Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, ADA Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
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In vitro effects of two topical varnish materials and Er:YAG laser irradiation on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:490503. [PMID: 24987734 PMCID: PMC4058603 DOI: 10.1155/2014/490503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro was to evaluate the effects of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) containing varnish materials and Er:YAG laser irradiation on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Forty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into four treatment groups (i.e., 10 in each group): (1) 5% NaF-ACP varnish, (2) 5% NaF-TCP varnish, (3) Er:YAG laser, and (4) control (no treatment). Er:YAG laser was operated at a wavelength of 2.94 μm and the energy output was 80 mJ per pulse; a pulse duration of 200 μsec and and a frequency of 2 Hz were used with water cooling. All samples were then put into pH cycles. Surface microhardness values and representative SEM images were assessed. Surface microhardness values were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The results revealed that demineralization was significantly lower in the TCP and ACP varnish groups, whereas mean surface microhardness values of the TCP varnish were found higher than the ACP (P < 0.05). TCP and ACP varnish materials were found effective for reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Use of Er:YAG laser irradiation as described in this study for inhibition of demineralization was found not satisfactory.
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47
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Chen WC, Wu HY. Color stability of nanocrystallite-treated and silicate-treated fillers of calcium phosphate composite resin: an in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 111:416-24. [PMID: 24360013 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Some composite resins fail esthetically because the color differences to adjacent tooth structure are more than the limits of color tolerance (values are higher than 3.3 ΔE units). PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the effect on color stability of surface-modified dicalcium phosphate anhydrous particles treated with nanocrystallites and silane coupling agents used as fillers for dental composite resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens were divided into 4 groups of fillers on unmodified (without modification) and on modified surfaces (silanization, nanocrystallites, and nanocrystallites with silica). These groups served as reinforcements and had 2 mass ratios of fillers (filler+resin) at 30% and 50%. The color differences were measured from day 1 after thermocycling procedures and for different specimen-treated procedures (drying, immersion, and thermocycling) at 1 to 16 days after 24 hours of immersion (n=5). ANOVA test was used to analyze the differences. The Student t test was used to evaluate the significant group comparisons, and a 3-way ANOVA was used to determine differences and interactions with the filler amount data (α=.05). RESULTS Specimens with lower amounts of silica-treated fillers exhibited more variations in color than specimens with larger amounts of fillers. The main color variation was observed within the dried specimens after 24 hours of immersion. The color difference stabilized within 8 days. Fewer changes in the ΔE values were noted in the groups of filler surfaces with nanocrystallites than in groups without nanocrystallized treatment after the 1 day to 16 days of aging. CONCLUSIONS Color difference was significantly reduced when the fillers reached a certain proportion, which further indicated that fillers with nanocrystal treatment could stabilize color variations within perceptible color tolerances (2.0 ΔE units) after immersion and thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cheng Chen
- Chief, Advanced Medical Devices and Composites Laboratory; and Associate Professor, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, College of Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hui Yu Wu
- Research Assistant, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, College of Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Imazato S, Ma S, Chen JH, Xu HHK. Therapeutic polymers for dental adhesives: loading resins with bio-active components. Dent Mater 2013; 30:97-104. [PMID: 23899387 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many recent adhesives on the market exhibit reasonable clinical performance. Future innovations in adhesive materials should therefore seek out novel properties rather than simply modifying existing technologies. It is proposed that adhesive materials that are "bio-active" could contribute to better prognosis of restorative treatments. METHODS This review examines the recent approaches used to achieve therapeutic polymers for dental adhesives by incorporating bio-active components. A strategy to maintain adhesive restorations is the focus of this paper. RESULTS Major trials on therapeutic dental adhesives have looked at adding antibacterial activities or remineralization effects. Applications of antibacterial resin monomers based on quaternary ammonium compounds have received much research attention, and the loading of nano-sized bioactive particles or multiple ion-releasing glass fillers have been perceived as advantageous since they are not expected to influence the mechanical properties of the carrier polymer. SIGNIFICANCE The therapeutic polymer approaches described here have the potential to provide clinical benefits. However, not many technological applications in this category have been successfully commercialized. Clinical evidence as well as further advancement of these technologies can be a driving force to make these new types of materials clinically available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA
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Effect of silanized nanosilica addition on remineralizing and mechanical properties of experimental composite materials with amorphous calcium phosphate. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:783-92. [PMID: 23868293 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Experimental composite resins with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) have the potential to regenerate demineralized tooth structures. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the addition of silanized silica nanofillers to the ACP-based composites on their mechanical properties and the kinetics of calcium and phosphate release. MATERIALS AND METHODS The test materials comprised 5 wt% (5-ACP) or 10 wt% (10-ACP) of silanized silica admixed to the 40 wt% ACP and 50 or 55 wt% resin. The ACP control (0-ACP) contained 40 wt% ACP and 60 wt% resin. Additionally, composite material CeramX (Dentsply, Germany) was included as control. Three-point bending test was performed to calculate flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy was used for measurement of ion release. The micromorphology of calcium phosphate depositions on composite samples has been qualitatively evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (α < 0.05). RESULTS Ion release was enhanced by the silica fillers, when compared to the 0-ACP. Although not statistically significant, flexural strength of 10-ACP was improved by 46 % compared to 0-ACP. Flexural modulus of 5-ACP was significantly higher than 0-ACP. CONCLUSIONS The admixture of silanized fillers seems to be a promising approach for the improvement of mechanical and remineralizing properties of ACP composite resins. CLINICAL RELEVANCE ACP-based composite resins with modified composition could serve as an effective remineralizing aid as base materials in restorative dental medicine.
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50
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Zhou C, Weir MD, Zhang K, Deng D, Cheng L, Xu HHK. Synthesis of new antibacterial quaternary ammonium monomer for incorporation into CaP nanocomposite. Dent Mater 2013; 29:859-70. [PMID: 23768794 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Composites are the principal material for tooth cavity restorations due to their esthetics and direct-filling capabilities. However, composites accumulate biofilms in vivo, and secondary caries due to biofilm acids is the main cause of restoration failure. The objectives of this study were to: (1) synthesize new antibacterial monomers and (2) develop nanocomposite containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and antibacterial monomer. METHODS Two new antibacterial monomers were synthesized: dimethylaminohexane methacrylate (DMAHM) with a carbon chain length of 6, and dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) with a chain length of 12. A spray-drying technique was used to make NACP. DMADDM was incorporated into NACP nanocomposite at mass fractions of 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25% and 3%. A flexural test was used to measure composite strength and elastic modulus. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva as inoculum was used to measure viability, metabolic activity, and lactic acid production of biofilms on composites. RESULTS The new DMAHM was more potent than a previous quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM). DMADDM was much more strongly antibacterial than DMAHM. The new DMADDM-NACP nanocomposite had strength similar to that of composite control (p>0.1). At 3% DMADDM in the composite, the metabolic activity of adherent biofilms was reduced to 5% of that on composite control. Lactic acid production by biofilms on composite containing 3% DMADDM was reduced to only 1% of that on composite control. Biofilm colony-forming unit (CFU) counts on composite with 3% DMADDM were reduced by 2-3 orders of magnitude. SIGNIFICANCE New antibacterial monomers were synthesized, and the carbon chain length had a strong effect on antibacterial efficacy. The new DMADDM-NACP nanocomposite possessed potent anti-biofilm activity without compromising load-bearing properties, and is promising for antibacterial and remineralizing dental restorations to inhibit secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhou
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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